Stainless Steel, Martensitic
416 Stainless Steel (S41600) Bar
Martensitic stainless steel machining bar.
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel এর জন্য পরিচিত excellent machinability combined with good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. It is part of the 416 series, which are designed to provide improved mechanical properties while maintaining reasonable corrosion resistance.
Grade 416 is sometimes used in the unhardened or hardened and highly tempered condition because of its low cost and ready machinability.
Martensitic stainless steels are optimised for high hardness, and other properties are to some degree compromised. Fabrication must be by methods that allow for poor weldability and usually also allow for a final harden and temper heat treatment. Corrosion resistance is lower than the common austenitic grades, and their useful operating temperature range is limited by their loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures and loss of strength by over-tempering at elevated temperatures.
পিডিএফ ডাউনলোড করুন
পরিসীমা
| পণ্যের ফর্ম | অবস্থা | সাম্রাজ্যিক আকারসমূহ | মিটারিক আকারসমূহ |
| গোল বার | QT650 | 1⁄8" - 6" | 4mm - 30mm |
| গোল বার | Condition P | 1⁄8" - 6" | 4mm - 30mm |
অনুগ্রহ করে লক্ষ্য করুন
আপনি যদি যা খুঁজছেন তা না পান, অনুগ্রহ করে আপনার সাথে যোগাযোগ করুন। স্থানীয় সেবা কেন্দ্র আপনার নির্দিষ্ট চাহিদা অনুযায়ী.
416 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| সিস্টেম / স্ট্যান্ডার্ড | দেশ / অঞ্চল | গ্রেড / পদবী |
| এআইএসআই | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | 416 |
| ইউএনএস | আন্তর্জাতিক | S41600 |
| ই.এন. / ডব্লিউ.এন.আর. | ইউরোপ | 1.4005 |
| ইএন নাম | ইউরোপ | X12CrS13 |
| ASTM A276 | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | 416 (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A582 | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | 416 (free-machining bars) |
| ASTM A314 | যুক্তরাষ্ট্র | 416 (forged/rolled bars) |
| জাপানিজ শিল্প মান | জাপান | SUS416 |
| বিএস | যুক্তরাজ্য | 416S21 |
গুণাবলী
রাসায়নিক গঠন
1.4005 Steel
EN 10088-3
| রাসায়নিক মৌল | % উপস্থাপন |
| কার্বন (C) | 0.06 - 0.15 |
| ক্রোমিয়াম (Cr) | 12.00 - 14.00 |
| ম্যাঙ্গানিজ (Mn) | 0.00 - 1.50 |
| সিলিকন (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| ফসফরাস (পি) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| গন্ধক (S) | 0.15 - 0.35 |
| মলিবডেনাম (মো) | 0.00 - 0.60 |
| লৌহ (Fe) | সমতা |
যান্ত্রিক ধর্ম
Bar Up to 160mm Dia or Thickness
EN 10088-3
| যান্ত্রিক সম্পত্তি | মূল্য |
| প্রমাণ চাপ | ৪৫০ মিনি MPa |
| টানজনিত শক্তি | 650 - 850 MPa |
সাধারণ ভৌত বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ
| শারীরিক ধর্ম | মূল্য |
| ঘনত্ব | ৭.৭৫ গ্রাম/ঘন সেমি |
| তাপীয় প্রসারণ | 9.9 x 10-6/K |
| স্থিতিস্থাপকতার মডিউল | ২০০ জিপিএ |
| তাপ পরিবাহকতা | 24.9 W/m.K |
| বৈদ্যুতিক প্রতিরোধকতা | 0.57 x 10-6 Ω .m |
Applications of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel এর জন্য পরিচিত excellent machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, and good mechanical strength. It is widely used in applications where precision machining and corrosion resistance are required.
1. Industrial Applications
Valves, pumps, and fittings: Precision components requiring accurate machining.
Gears, shafts, and fasteners: Components subjected to moderate stress and wear.
Precision instruments and tooling: Applications needing tight tolerances and machinability.
2. Automotive Applications
Engine components: Shafts, pins, and fasteners.
Fuel system parts: Where corrosion resistance and machinability are important.
3. General Applications
Industrial machinery parts exposed to mild corrosive environments.
Custom mechanical components requiring good machinability and moderate corrosion resistance.
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel is primarily used in precision-machined components for industrial, automotive, and general mechanical applications, where machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength are essential.
Characteristics of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel এর জন্য ডিজাইন করা হয়েছে excellent machinability অক্ষুণ্ণ রেখে moderate corrosion resistance and good mechanical strength. It is widely used for precision components where both performance and ease of machining are required.
1. Mechanical Properties
High strength and hardness: Can be heat treated to enhance mechanical properties.
Good wear resistance: Suitable for components subjected to moderate stress and friction.
2. Machinability
Excellent machinability: One of the key advantages of 416 stainless steel.
Can be machined efficiently with minimal tool wear compared to other martensitic stainless steels.
3. Corrosion Resistance
Moderate resistance to oxidation and mild corrosive environments.
Not recommended for highly corrosive or chloride-rich environments.
4. Fabrication
Can be formed and machined easily due to its ductility and machinability.
Weldable using appropriate methods, but care must be taken to avoid সংবেদনশীলকরণ and maintain corrosion resistance.
৫. আবেদনসমূহ
Precision gears, shafts, and fasteners
Valves, pumps, and fittings
Automotive components and industrial machinery parts
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel is a martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel সহ excellent machinability, good mechanical strength, and moderate corrosion resistance. এর বৈশিষ্ট্যের সংমিশ্রণ এটিকে আদর্শ করে তোলে precision-machined components in automotive, industrial, and general engineering applications.
অতিরিক্ত তথ্য
তৈরি/নির্মাণ
Fabrication of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel সহ excellent machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, and good mechanical strength. Its properties make it suitable for a variety of fabrication processes in industrial, automotive, and precision applications.
১. গঠন
শীতল কাজের প্রক্রিয়া:
Can be bent, drawn, or rolled with care.
Rapid work hardening may require মধ্যবর্তী এনিলিং for extensive forming.
গরম কাজ:
Recommended temperature range: 980–1150°C (1800–2100°F).
Suitable for forging, hot rolling, or extrusion to shape thick or complex components.
২. মেশিনিং
Excellent machinability is a primary advantage of 416 stainless steel.
Can be machined with high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools, maintaining sharp edges and precise tolerances.
Coolants are recommended to reduce heat buildup and tool wear.
৩. ওয়েল্ডিং
Weldable using conventional methods (TIG, MIG, SMAW), but martensitic steels require care.
Preheating and post-weld tempering may be applied to reduce cracking and retain mechanical properties.
Filler metals should match the 416 grade for best corrosion and strength performance.
4. Heat Treatment
হতে পারে hardened and tempered to increase strength and wear resistance.
Heat treatment also helps relieve stresses induced by cold working or machining.
5. Applications Related to Fabrication
Precision gears, shafts, and fasteners
Valves, pumps, and fittings
Automotive components and industrial machinery
Custom mechanical parts requiring machinability and corrosion resistance
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel is highly fabricable, প্রদান excellent machinability, good mechanical properties, and moderate corrosion resistance. Proper forming, machining, welding, and heat treatment enable the production of precision components for automotive, industrial, and general engineering applications.
ঢালাইযোগ্যতা
Weldability of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel এর জন্য পরিচিত excellent machinability and good mechanical strength. While it can be welded, certain precautions are necessary due to its উচ্চ কার্বন উপাদান, যা ঝুঁকি বাড়িয়ে দিতে পারে cracking and reduced corrosion resistance তাপ-প্রভাবিত অঞ্চলে।.
1. Welding Methods
Can be welded using standard methods:
টিআইজি (জিটিএডব্লিউ) – for precise, high-quality welds
এমআইজি (জিএমএডব্লিউ) – for faster production welding
SMAW (Stick Welding) – suitable for general fabrication
Care must be taken to avoid overheating, which can lead to cracking.
2. Welding Considerations
Preheating (150–300°C / 300–570°F) may be applied for thicker sections to reduce thermal stress.
Post-weld tempering is recommended to restore নমনীয়তা এবং দৃঢ়তা and relieve residual stresses.
Filler metals matching 416 or compatible martensitic stainless steel should be used to maintain mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
3. Limitations
উচ্চ কার্বন উপাদান ঝুঁকি বৃদ্ধি করে intergranular cracking.
Corrosion resistance in the weld zone may be slightly reduced compared to the base metal.
4. Applications Related to Weldability
Valves, pumps, and fittings requiring welded assemblies
Automotive components and shafts
Industrial machinery components that require joined parts with precise tolerances
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel is weldable, but due to its martensitic structure and high carbon content, welding requires controlled preheating, proper filler metals, and post-weld tempering. Following these practices ensures strong, durable, and moderately corrosion-resistant welded joints উপযুক্ত industrial, automotive, and precision applications.
যন্ত্রযোগ্যতা
Machinability of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel specifically designed for excellent machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Its machinability makes it ideal for precision components and high-volume production.
1. Key Machining Characteristics
Excellent machinability: One of the primary advantages of 416 stainless steel among martensitic stainless steels.
উৎপাদন করে clean, continuous chips during machining.
Minimal tool wear compared to other high-carbon martensitic stainless steels.
২. টুলিং সুপারিশসমূহ
High-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools are recommended for efficiency and durability.
যথাযথ cooling and lubrication help reduce heat buildup and improve surface finish.
Sharp tools are essential to minimize কাজের মাধ্যমে কঠোরতা অর্জন of the material.
3. Machining Considerations
416 stainless steel can be turned, milled, drilled, or tapped with high precision.
Controlled cutting speeds and feed rates improve tool life and dimensional accuracy.
Post-machining stress relief or tempering may be applied for high-strength or high-wear applications.
4. Applications Related to Machinability
Precision gears, shafts, and fasteners
Valves, pumps, and fittings
Automotive components and industrial machinery requiring tight tolerances
Custom mechanical parts in high-volume manufacturing
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel offers excellent machinability while retaining good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Its ease of machining makes it suitable for precision components, automotive parts, industrial machinery, and high-volume production requiring accurate and efficient machining.
ক্ষয় প্রতিরোধ
Corrosion Resistance of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel that combines excellent machinability with moderate corrosion resistance. While it does not match the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels, it performs well in mildly corrosive environments.
১. সাধারণ ক্ষয় প্রতিরোধ
উপযুক্ত mild oxidizing environments such as air, water, and light chemicals.
Better corrosion resistance than standard carbon steels, but lower than 300-series stainless steels.
2. Stress Corrosion Resistance
Moderate resistance to স্ট্রেস ক্ষয়জনিত ফাটল under normal service conditions.
Care should be taken in chloride-rich environments, where susceptibility increases, especially after welding or machining.
3. Corrosion Resistance After Machining or Welding
Low carbon content compared to some martensitic steels reduces the risk of সংবেদনশীলকরণ.
Post-fabrication passivation or pickling can enhance surface corrosion resistance.
Heat treatment after welding or machining helps restore corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
4. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Valves, pumps, and fittings in mildly corrosive environments
Automotive components exposed to air or mild chemicals
Industrial machinery parts requiring moderate corrosion protection and high machinability
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel provides moderate corrosion resistance, উপযুক্ত mildly corrosive environments. Combined with its excellent machinability and mechanical strength, it is ideal for precision components, industrial machinery, automotive parts, and other applications where corrosion is not extreme.
শীতল কাজের প্রক্রিয়া
Cold Working of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel সহ good ductility and excellent machinability, making it suitable for a variety of cold working processes. Cold working improves strength and hardness but must be done carefully to avoid excessive work hardening.
1. Cold Working Processes
বক্রকরণ ও গঠন: Can be bent into precise shapes for industrial and automotive components.
রোলিং: Suitable for producing sheets, strips, and coils.
Drawing and Stamping: Used to create complex or deep-drawn parts.
Punching and Shearing: Components requiring precision cutting can be fabricated with proper tooling.
২. কাজের কঠোরীকরণ
416 stainless steel work hardens moderately during cold working.
Excessive deformation may require মধ্যবর্তী এনিলিং to restore ductility.
শীতল কাজের পরিমাণ বৃদ্ধি পায় টানজনিত দৃঢ়তা এবং কঠোরতা while reducing ductility.
৩. নির্মাণ সংক্রান্ত বিবেচনা
ব্যবহার করুন ক্রমান্বয়ে বিকৃতি to prevent cracking or distortion.
সঠিকভাবে নিশ্চিত করুন tooling and lubrication for smooth forming.
Cold-worked components may benefit from stress-relief heat treatment before service, especially in high-stress applications.
৪. ঠান্ডা কাজের সাথে সম্পর্কিত প্রয়োগসমূহ
Precision gears, shafts, and fasteners
Valves, pumps, and fittings
Automotive components
Industrial machinery parts requiring dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel exhibits good cold working properties, allowing bending, rolling, drawing, and stamping. Cold working enhances শক্তি এবং কঠোরতা but may require stress relief or intermediate annealing for extensive deformation. This makes 416 stainless steel suitable for precision components in industrial, automotive, and general engineering applications.
তাপ চিকিৎসা
Heat Treatment of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel that can be heat treated to enhance hardness, strength, and wear resistance. Heat treatment is essential for achieving the desired mechanical properties for precision components and industrial applications.
১. এনিলিং
উদ্দেশ্য: Relieve internal stresses from cold working or machining and restore ductility.
তাপমাত্রার পরিসর: 815–900°C (1500–1650°F)
শীতলীকরণ: Slow furnace cooling or air cooling, depending on desired properties.
2. Hardening (Quenching)
উদ্দেশ্য: Increase hardness and tensile strength for wear-resistant applications.
তাপমাত্রার পরিসর: 980–1030°C (1800–1900°F)
শীতলীকরণ: Rapid quenching in oil or water.
3. Tempering
উদ্দেশ্য: Reduce brittleness after hardening and improve toughness.
তাপমাত্রার পরিসর: 150–370°C (300–700°F)
Achieves a balance of hardness, strength, and ductility suitable for precision components.
4. Stress Relief
Applied to machined or welded parts to minimize residual stress and prevent distortion.
Typically done at 425–650°C (800–1200°F) for moderate durations.
৫. তাপ প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণ সম্পর্কিত প্রয়োগসমূহ
Precision gears, shafts, and fasteners
Valves, pumps, and fittings requiring high strength and wear resistance
Automotive components and industrial machinery parts
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel can be annealed, hardened, tempered, and stress-relieved to achieve the desired combination of hardness, strength, and ductility. Proper heat treatment ensures durable, wear-resistant, and dimensionally stable components উপযুক্ত industrial, automotive, and precision applications.
তাপ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা
Heat Resistance of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel primarily designed for excellent machinability and mechanical strength. এর তাপ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা is moderate compared to austenitic stainless steels, making it suitable for applications with intermittent or mild high-temperature exposure.
১. ধারাবাহিক সেবা তাপমাত্রা
উপযুক্ত continuous service up to approximately 315°C (600°F).
Maintains mechanical properties in moderately elevated temperatures but is not ideal for prolonged high-temperature oxidizing environments.
২. বিচ্ছিন্ন সংস্পর্শ
সহ্য করতে পারে short-term exposure up to around 425°C (800°F).
High temperatures beyond this may lead to loss of strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
৩. অক্সিডেশন প্রতিরোধ
Forms a thin chromium oxide layer that provides limited protection against oxidation.
Not recommended for high-temperature, aggressive oxidizing environments.
4. Applications Related to Heat Resistance
Automotive components with moderate thermal exposure
Valves, pumps, and fittings in industrial machinery
Precision components requiring moderate strength retention at elevated temperatures
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel provides moderate heat resistance, উপযুক্ত applications with intermittent or mild elevated temperatures. Its combination of machinability, mechanical strength, and moderate thermal stability makes it ideal for industrial, automotive, and mechanical components that do not require prolonged exposure to high heat.
গরম কাজ
Hot Working of 416 Stainless Steel
416 stainless steel হল একটি martensitic, high-carbon stainless steel সহ good machinability and moderate corrosion resistance. Hot working can be used to shape or form components while reducing the risk of cracking and improving ductility.
১. প্রস্তাবিত গরম কাজের তাপমাত্রা
Optimal temperature range: 980–1150°C (1800–2100°F).
Working above this range can cause দানা বৃদ্ধি, reducing mechanical properties.
Working below this range may increase the risk of cracking.
২. গরম কাজের প্রক্রিয়া
ঢালাই: Suitable for producing shafts, gears, and thick components.
গরম রোলিং: Used for plates, sheets, and strips.
এক্সট্রুশন: Allows shaping of rods, bars, and complex profiles.
Hot Forming and Pressing: Enables production of large or intricate parts with minimal work hardening.
৩. গরম কাজের সুবিধা
হ্রাস করে কাজের মাধ্যমে কঠোরতা অর্জন ঠান্ডা কাজের তুলনায়।.
উন্নতি করে নমনীয়তা এবং দৃঢ়তা, allowing for easier shaping of components.
Produces components with একজাতীয় যান্ত্রিক বৈশিষ্ট্য throughout the part.
4. Post-Hot Working Treatment
অ্যানিলিং may be applied to relieve stresses and restore ductility.
আচার তৈরি বা নিষ্ক্রিয়করণ can enhance surface corrosion resistance if scale forms during hot working.
৫. গরম কাজের সাথে সম্পর্কিত প্রয়োগসমূহ
Industrial machinery components
Automotive parts requiring forging or extrusion
Shafts, gears, and precision components that require uniform mechanical properties
সারসংক্ষেপ
416 stainless steel exhibits good hot working properties, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and hot forming at 980–1150°C. গরম কাজের ফলে উন্নতি হয় ductility, reduces work hardening, and ensures uniform mechanical properties, making 416 stainless steel suitable for industrial, automotive, and precision components.
