Rostfreier Stahl, austenitisch
316Ti Stainless Steel (S31635) Sheet
A chromium-nickel-molybdenum-titanium austenitic stainless steel.
Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. 316 stainless steel contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.
For elevated temperature applications the stabilised grade 316Ti stainless steel should be employed.
Stainless steel grade 316Ti contains a small amount of titanium. Titanium content is typically only around 0.5%. The titanium atoms stabilise the structure of the 316 at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. 316Ti retains physical and mechanical properties similar to standard grades of 316.
DOWNLOAD PDF
Bereich
BITTE BEACHTEN
Wenn Sie nicht finden, wonach Sie suchen, wenden Sie sich bitte an Ihren lokales Servicezentrum mit Ihren spezifischen Anforderungen.
316Ti Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| System / Standard | Land / Region | Besoldungsgruppe/Bezeichnung |
| AISI | USA | 316Ti |
| UNS | International | S31635 |
| DE / W.Nr. | Europa | 1.4571 |
| DE Name | Europa | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 |
| ASTM A240 | USA | 316Ti (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A182 | USA | F316Ti (forgings, flanges) |
| ASTM A213 | USA | TP316Ti (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | USA | TP316Ti (seamless pipe) |
| GB | China | 06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti |
| JIS | Japan | SUS316Ti |
Eigenschaften
Chemische Zusammensetzung
316Ti Stainless Steel Steel
EN10088-3
| Chemisches Element | % Geschenk |
| Kohlenstoff (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Chrom (Cr) | 16.50 - 18.50 |
| Molybdän (Mo) | 2.00 - 2.50 |
| Silizium (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Phosphor (P) | 0.00 - 0.05 |
| Schwefel (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.50 - 13.50 |
| Titan (Ti) | 0.40 - 0.70 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Eisen (Fe) | Bilanz |
Mechanische Eigenschaften
Bar Up to 160mm Diameter
EN10088-3
| Mechanische Eigenschaften | Wert |
| Nachweis von Stress | 200 Min MPa |
| Zugfestigkeit | 500 bis 700 MPa |
| Dehnung A50 mm | 40 Min % |
| Härte Brinell | 215 Max HB |
Allgemeine physikalische Eigenschaften
| Physikalische Eigenschaft | Wert |
| Dichte | 8,0 g/cm³ |
| Schmelzpunkt | 1400 °C |
| Thermische Ausdehnung | 15,9 x 10⁻⁶/K |
| Elastizitätsmodul | 193 GPa |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit | 16,3 W/(m·K) |
| Elektrischer spezifischer Widerstand | 0,74 x 10⁻⁶ Ω .m |
Applications of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit und high-temperature stability. The addition of titanium improves intergranular corrosion resistance, making it suitable for welded and high-temperature applications.
1. Chemische und Petrochemische Industrie
Storage tanks, reactors, and piping for corrosive chemicals
Heat exchangers and condensers operating under high-temperature conditions
Components in oxidizing and mildly reducing chemical environments
2. Power Generation and High-Temperature Equipment
Boiler and furnace components
Heat exchangers, superheaters, and chimneys
Equipment exposed to temperatures up to ~925°C (1700°F) intermittently
3. Food and Pharmaceutical Processing
Vessels and piping exposed to corrosive liquids and cleaning chemicals
Components requiring hygienic surfaces and high corrosion resistance
Equipment that undergoes frequent welding or assembly
4. Marine and Offshore Applications
Equipment and structures exposed to seawater and coastal atmospheres
Pump shafts, valves, and fittings in marine environments
5. Aerospace and Automotive Applications
Exhaust systems and turbocharger components
High-temperature, welded components where corrosion and thermal resistance sind kritisch
6. Comparison to 316/316L
Titanium stabilization prevents Sensibilisierung during welding, unlike standard 316 or 316L
Geeignet für high-temperature welded assemblies
Unterhält mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel is widely used in chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, food-processing, and high-temperature industrial applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance, titanium stabilization, and thermal stability. Its ability to resist intergranular corrosion in welded assemblies makes it a reliable choice for demanding environments.
Characteristics of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel that combines the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel with enhanced intergranular corrosion resistance und high-temperature stability. The addition of titanium makes it particularly suitable for welded components and high-temperature service.
Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegen Oxidation und allgemeine Korrosion in mildly corrosive environments.
Titanium stabilization prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, minimizing the risk of interkristalline Korrosion in geschweißten Bereichen.
Gut geeignet für industrial, chemical, and marine environments.
2. High-Temperature Performance
Unterhält mechanical strength and dimensional stability bei erhöhter Temperatur.
Geeignet für continuous service up to ~925°C (1700°F) intermittently, depending on the environment.
Beständig gegen Oxidation und Verzunderung in high-temperature applications.
3. Mechanical Properties
Ausgezeichnet tensile strength, ductility, and toughness in both annealed and welded conditions.
Can be cold-worked or hot-worked to adjust strength and hardness.
Titanium addition ensures mechanical properties are maintained during welding and high-temperature exposure.
4. Fabrication and Weldability
Gut formability and workability using conventional cold and hot working processes.
Weldable with TIG, MIG, SMAW, and resistance welding methods.
Titanium stabilization eliminates the need for post-weld solution annealing in most cases.
5. Applications Leveraging Characteristics
Chemical processing equipment (reactors, heat exchangers, piping)
High-temperature boiler, furnace, and superheater components
Marine and offshore equipment exposed to corrosive atmospheres
Lebensmittel- und pharmazeutische Verarbeitungsanlagen
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature welded components
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel combines excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature stability, and titanium stabilization to prevent sensitization in welded or high-temperature applications. Its properties make it ideal for chemical, marine, high-temperature industrial, and food-processing applications where reliability and durability are critical.
Zusätzliche Informationen
Schweißeignung
Weldability of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit ausgezeichnete Schweißbarkeit. The titanium addition prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, maintaining corrosion resistance in welded and heat-affected zones.
1. Suitable Welding Processes
WIG (GMAW) Ideal für dünne Werkstücke und präzise Schweißnähte
MIG (MAG) Suitable for thicker sections and industrial applications
SMAW (Stick Welding): Commonly used for field and maintenance welding
Widerstandsschweißen Spot and seam welding for sheet metal components
2. Titanium Stabilization Benefits
Titanium binds with carbon, preventing chromium carbide formation in the heat-affected zone.
Reduces the risk of interkristalline Korrosion after welding.
Eliminates the need for post-weld solution annealing in most cases.
3. Empfehlungen für Füllmaterial
Verwenden Sie ER316Ti or ER316L filler wire for matching composition and corrosion resistance.
Ensure compatible filler material when welding dissimilar austenitic stainless steels.
4. Heat Input and Distortion Control
Austenitische Edelstähle haben hohe Wärmeausdehnung, was zu Verzerrungen führen kann.
Use moderate heat input and proper welding sequencing to minimize warping.
Tack welds can help maintain dimensional accuracy.
5. Applications Leveraging Weldability
Chemical processing equipment and piping
Heat exchangers, superheaters, and high-temperature boilers
Marine and offshore components
Aerospace and automotive exhaust systems
Lebensmittel- und pharmazeutische Verarbeitungsanlagen
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel exhibits ausgezeichnete Schweißbarkeit, with titanium stabilization preventing intergranular corrosion in welded zones. It is ideal for high-temperature, chemical, marine, and food-processing applications where welded assemblies require durability and corrosion resistance.
Fabrikation
Fabrication of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel that combines excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength, and good formability. Its fabrication properties make it suitable for cold and hot working, machining, and welding while maintaining mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
1. Bildung von
Kaltumformung
Suitable for bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping
Work-hardens moderately; intermediate solution annealing may be needed for extensive deformation
Warmumformung
Recommended for complex or thick components at 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F)
Produces uniform mechanical properties and reduces work-hardening
2. Schneiden und Scheren
Can be cut using laser, plasma, waterjet, or mechanical methods
Sharp tools and proper feeds minimize work hardening and surface roughness
3. Bearbeitung
Moderate machinability due to toughness and work-hardening tendency
Hartmetall-Werkzeuge preferred for high-speed or heavy-duty operations
Coolants and lubricants are essential to reduce heat and improve surface finish
4. Schweißen
Excellent weldability with TIG, MIG, SMAW, and resistance welding
Titanium stabilization prevents intergranular corrosion in heat-affected zones
Matching filler metals (ER316Ti) ensure optimal corrosion resistance
5. Cold and Hot Working
Cold working increases strength through Kaltverfestigung
Hot working produces uniform ductility and mechanical properties, ideal for thick or complex components
6. Oberflächenveredelung
Available in 2B, BA, and polished finishes
Cold-working may require additional polishing or pickling for aesthetic or corrosion-sensitive applications
7. Anwendungen, die Fertigung nutzen
Chemical and petrochemical equipment, reactors, and piping
High-temperature boiler and furnace components
Marine and offshore structures
Aerospace and automotive components
Lebensmittel- und pharmazeutische Verarbeitungsanlagen
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel is highly versatile for fabrication, offering excellent cold and hot formability, machining, and welding. Titanium stabilization ensures corrosion resistance is preserved throughout fabrication, making it ideal for industrial, chemical, marine, and high-temperature applications.
Heißarbeit
Hot Working of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit ausgezeichnete Warmumformbarkeit, allowing it to be forged, rolled, or formed at elevated temperatures while maintaining mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
1. Empfohlene Warmarbeitstemperatur
Typische Reichweite: 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F)
Das Überschreiten dieses Bereichs kann zu Kornwachstum, reducing toughness
Working below this range increases flow stress and the risk of cracking
2. Geeignete Warmumformverfahren
Warmwalzen: Plates, sheets, and structural components
Warmumformung: High-strength or complex-shaped parts
Warm extrudieren: Rods, tubes, and profiles
Heißpressen/Umformen Thick or large components difficult to cold-work
3. Vorteile der Warmumformung
Reduziert Kaltverfestigung im Vergleich zum Kaltumformen
Verbessert Duktilität und Zähigkeit
Erzeugt uniform grain structure and mechanical properties
Ermöglicht die Herstellung von large or complex components
4. Behandlungen nach der Warmarbeit
Lösungsglühen may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore ductility
Beizen oder Passivieren can enhance surface corrosion resistance
5. Anwendungen, die Warmumformung nutzen
Industrielle Maschinenkomponenten
Chemical and petrochemical high-temperature equipment
Furnace, boiler, and heat exchanger components
Structural parts requiring elevated-temperature shaping
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel demonstrates ausgezeichnete Warmumformbarkeit, allowing components to be formed or forged at 1010–1175°C. Hot working improves ductility, toughness, and uniform mechanical properties while preserving corrosion resistance, making it suitable for chemical, high-temperature, industrial, and structural applications.
Hitzebeständigkeit
Heat Resistance of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel konzipiert für Hochtemperaturanwendungen. Titanium stabilization prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, ensuring corrosion resistance and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures.
1. Kontinuierliche Betriebstemperatur
Geeignet für continuous service up to ~925°C (1700°F) in oxidizing atmospheres
Unterhält mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and corrosion resistance in this range
Prolonged exposure above this temperature may slightly reduce ductility or cause surface scaling
2. Intermittierende Exposition
Vertragen intermittent heating above 925°C without significant surface degradation
Ideal for components exposed to Temperaturwechselbeanspruchung
3. Oxidationsbeständigkeit
Bildet eine schutzende Chromoxidschicht that resists oxidation and scaling
Gut geeignet für industrial furnaces, boilers, and heat exchangers
Not recommended for strongly sulfidizing or highly oxidizing environments at extreme temperatures
4. Thermische Auswirkungen auf mechanische Eigenschaften
Retains Zugfestigkeit und Duktilität at moderate high temperatures
Cold-worked areas may lose some work-hardening benefits after prolonged heat exposure
Grain growth may occur if exposed to excessive heat without proper solution annealing
5. Applications Leveraging Heat Resistance
High-temperature chemical processing equipment
Furnace, boiler, and superheater components
Heat exchangers and exhaust systems in industrial and aerospace applications
Marine and offshore components exposed to elevated temperatures
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel exhibits excellent high-temperature performance, with continuous service up to ~925°C. Titanium stabilization ensures mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are preserved in welded or high-temperature applications, making it ideal for chemical, industrial, marine, and aerospace environments.
Bearbeitbarkeit
Machinability of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit mäßige Bearbeitbarkeit. Its toughness, work-hardening tendency, and low thermal conductivity require special attention to tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication to achieve high-quality machining results.
1. Verfestigungsmechanismen
316Ti stainless steel work-hardens quickly during machining.
Gehärtete Oberflächen erhöhen die Schnittkräfte und beschleunigen den Werkzeugverschleiß.
Continuous, smooth cutting minimizes localized work hardening.
2. Empfehlungen für die Werkzeugausstattung
Hartmetall-Werkzeuge are preferred for high-speed or heavy-duty machining.
Schnellarbeitsstahl (HSS)-Werkzeuge can be used at lower speeds for lighter operations.
Werkzeuge mit positive Spanwinkel Schnittkräfte reduzieren und Oberflächengüte verbessern.
3. Schnittgeschwindigkeiten und Vorschübe
Slower cutting speeds compared with carbon steels are recommended.
Moderate to heavy feeds ensure continuous chip flow and prevent hard spots.
Avoid stopping or dwelling on the workpiece to prevent local work-hardening.
4. Kühlung und Schmierung
Geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit verursacht Wärmeentwicklung in der Schnittzone.
Verwenden Sie Flutkühlung oder Kühlschmierstoffe Um die Hitze zu reduzieren, die Standzeit des Werkzeugs zu verlängern und die Oberflächengüte zu verbessern.
High-pressure lubrication helps evacuate chips efficiently.
5. Spannbildung
Chips sind tough, stringy, and sticky, requiring chip breakers or controlled feeds to manage.
6. Oberflächenbeschaffenheit
High-quality surface finish can be achieved with sharp tools, proper feeds, and adequate cooling.
Work-hardened areas may require Schlichtbearbeitungen.
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel has mäßige Bearbeitbarkeit, requiring careful tool selection, cutting parameters, and cooling. When properly managed, it can be machined with high precision and excellent surface finish, making it suitable for chemical, high-temperature, marine, aerospace, and food-processing applications.
Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Corrosion Resistance of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit, insbesondere in welded and high-temperature applications. Titanium addition prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, reducing the risk of intergranular corrosion.
1. Allgemeine Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Hochbeständig gegen Oxidation und allgemeine Korrosion in atmospheric and mildly corrosive environments.
Geeignet für chemical, industrial, marine, and food-processing applications.
Maintains corrosion resistance even after welding or thermal exposure.
2. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
Titanium binds with carbon, preventing chromium carbide formation along grain boundaries.
Minimiert Sensibilisierung in the heat-affected zone during welding.
Eliminates the need for post-weld solution annealing in most cases.
3. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
Performs moderately well in chloride-containing environments.
More resistant than 304/304L stainless steel but slightly less resistant than 316/317 in severe chloride conditions.
Geeignet für marine, coastal, and mildly corrosive chemical applications.
4. Hochtemperaturkorrosion
Maintains corrosion resistance during continuous service up to ~925°C (1700°F) intermittently.
Beständig gegen Oxidation und Verzunderung in hot, oxidizing atmospheres.
Not suitable for strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing environments at extreme temperatures.
5. Anwendungen, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nutzen
Chemical processing equipment (reactors, piping, heat exchangers)
Marine and offshore structures
Lebensmittel- und pharmazeutische Verarbeitungsanlagen
Hochtemperaturkomponenten für die Luft- und Raumfahrt und die Automobilindustrie
Boiler, furnace, and heat exchanger parts
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel provides excellent general and intergranular corrosion resistance, besonders in welded and high-temperature environments. Titanium stabilization ensures durability and reliability in chemical, marine, industrial, and food-processing applications, making it a robust choice for demanding conditions.
Wärmebehandlung
Heat Treatment of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel das ist not hardenable by heat treatment. Wärmebehandlung wird hauptsächlich verwendet, um relieve stresses, restore ductility, and maintain corrosion resistance, anstatt die Härte zu erhöhen.
1. Lösungsglühen
Zweck:
Restore ductility after cold working or forming
Relieve residual stresses
Dissolve any undesired chromium carbides that may form if exposed to improper temperatures
Temperaturbereich: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Kühlung: Rapid air or water quench to preserve austenitic structure
Effekt
Restores mechanical properties to annealed condition
Preserves corrosion resistance due to titanium stabilization
2. Stressabbau
Zweck: Restspannungen beim Formen, Biegen oder Schweißen vermeiden
Temperaturbereich: 450-650°C (840-1200°F)
Effekt Minimiert Verzug und reduziert das Risiko von Spannungsrisskorrosion, ohne die mechanischen Eigenschaften signifikant zu verändern
3. Post-Weld Heat Treatment
Generally Nicht erforderlich because titanium stabilization prevents sensitization
Stress relief annealing may be applied for dimension-sensitive or high-temperature welded assemblies
4. Cold-Worked Condition Considerations
Cold working increases strength but decreases ductility
Intermediate solution annealing may be applied to restore formability for further fabrication steps
5. Einschränkungen
Heat treatment does not significantly increase hardness
Prolonged exposure above ~500°C may reduce cold work strengthening effects slightly
Zusammenfassung
Heat treatment of 316Ti stainless steel is mainly for Stressabbau, Wiederherstellung der Duktilität und Erhaltung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Solution annealing and stress relief ensure optimal mechanical and chemical performance, making 316Ti ideal for welded, cold-worked, and high-temperature applications.
Kaltbearbeitung
Cold Working of 316Ti Stainless Steel
316Ti stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel mit Hervorragende Kaltumformungseigenschaften. Cold working improves Festigkeit und Härte durch Kaltverfestigung unter Beibehaltung guter Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Duktilität.
1. Verfestigungsmechanismen
316Ti stainless steel work-hardens moderately to rapidly bei Kaltverformung.
Festigkeit und Härte nehmen zu, während die Duktilität mit fortschreitender Verformung abnimmt.
Extensive cold working may require Lösungsglühen um die Duktilität für die weitere Verarbeitung wiederherzustellen.
2. Kaltumformungsprozesse
Rollend: Bleche, Bänder und Platten
Zeichnung: Röhren, Stäbe und Drähte
Biegen und Umformen: Strukturkomponenten, Halterungen und Klemmen
Stanzen und Tiefziehen: Industrie- und lebensmittelverarbeitende Teile
3. Mechanical Property Control
Kaltumformung ermöglicht eine Anpassung Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Härte.
Solution annealing can be used if ductility needs to be restored for further forming.
4. Auswirkung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Titanium stabilization prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, Aufrechterhaltung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit nach der Kaltumformung.
Beständig gegen interkristalline Korrosion in geschweißten oder stark bearbeiteten Bereichen.
5. Nachbearbeitungsaspekte
Solution annealing may be applied to relieve stresses and restore ductility if multiple cold-working steps are planned.
Cold working may induce slight magnetism due to minor martensitic transformation, usually negligible.
6. Anwendungen, die Kaltumformung nutzen
Federn, Clips und Befestigungselemente
Bauteile, die höhere Festigkeit erfordern
Rohre, Stangen und Drähte für chemische und lebensmittelverarbeitende Ausrüstung
Formed components requiring both corrosion resistance and strength
Zusammenfassung
316Ti stainless steel exhibits ausgezeichnete Kaltumformungseigenschaften, allowing increased strength through work hardening while preserving corrosion resistance. Proper management of deformation and intermediate annealing ensures high-quality, durable components für industrielle, chemische, lebensmittelverarbeitende, maritime und strukturelle Anwendungen.
