Rostfreier Stahl, austenitisch
S34700 (347) Stainless Steel Sheet
Columbium stabilizes this alloy making it immune to chromium carbide precipitation.
Alloy 347 is recommended for welded applications that can not tolerate a post anneal. The alloy can operate between 800-1600°F.
347 stainless steel is a high-performance austenitic stainless steel mit niobium stabilization that ensures excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and high-temperature stability. It is widely used in chemical, industrial, aerospace, food processing, and high-temperature applications.
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347 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| System / Standard | Land / Region | Besoldungsgruppe/Bezeichnung |
| AISI | USA | 347 |
| UNS | International | S34700 |
| DE / W.Nr. | Europa | 1.4550 |
| DE Name | Europa | X6CrNiNb18-10 |
| ASTM A240 | USA | 347 (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A182 | USA | F347 (forgings, flanges, fittings) |
| ASTM A213 | USA | TP347 (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | USA | TP347 (seamless pipe) |
| GB | China | 06Cr18Ni11Nb |
| JIS | Japan | SUS347 |
| BS | UK | 347S31 |
| AFNOR | Frankreich | Z6CNb18-10 |
Eigenschaften
Chemische Zusammensetzung
S34700 Sheet
ASTM A240
| Chemisches Element | % Geschenk |
| Kohlenstoff (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Chrom (Cr) | 17.00 - 19.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 9.00 - 13.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Phosphor (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Schwefel (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silizium (Si) | 0.00 - 0.75 |
| Niob (Columbium) (Nb) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Eisen (Fe) | Bilanz |
Mechanische Eigenschaften
Sheet
ASTM A240
| Mechanische Eigenschaften | Wert |
| Nachweis von Stress | 205 Min MPa |
| Zugfestigkeit | 515 Min MPa |
| Dehnung A50 mm | 40 Min % |
Allgemeine physikalische Eigenschaften
| Physikalische Eigenschaft | Wert |
| Dichte | 7.96 g/cm³ |
Applications of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel containing niobium (columbium), which improves resistance to interkristalline Korrosion after exposure to high temperatures. Its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance make it suitable for a wide range of high-temperature and industrial applications.
1. High-Temperature Applications
Furnace components and heat exchangers
Boiler parts, superheater and evaporator tubes
Exhaust stacks and high-temperature ducting
Industrial ovens and kilns
2. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Processing equipment and piping in moderately corrosive environments
Pressure vessels and tanks for chemical storage
Heat-resistant piping carrying steam or hot liquids
3. Food and Beverage Processing
Equipment exposed to elevated temperatures
Heat exchangers and evaporators
Components requiring good corrosion resistance and stability at high temperature
4. Aerospace and Automotive
Exhaust systems and turbochargers
High-temperature components in engines and power plants
5. Industrial Equipment
Springs, fasteners, and structural components for high-temperature service
Mechanical equipment exposed to heat and corrosion simultaneously
6. Architectural Applications
Structures and components exposed to outdoor weather and moderate corrosive conditions
Decorative elements requiring durability and stability at elevated temperatures
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel is ideal for Hochtemperatur- und Industrieanwendungen, where intergranular corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and stability at elevated temperatures are critical. Common industries include chemical processing, food and beverage, aerospace, automotive, and industrial equipment.
Characteristics of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel containing niobium (columbium), which enhances resistance to interkristalline Korrosion after exposure to high temperatures. It offers good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability, making it suitable for demanding applications.
1. High-Temperature Stability
Ausgezeichnete Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion after exposure to temperatures of 425–870°C (800–1600°F)
Niobium stabilization prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung during welding and heat exposure
Suitable for furnace parts, heat exchangers, and boiler components
2. Corrosion Resistance
Gute Beständigkeit gegen oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mild chemical attack
Performs better than 304 and similar to 321 in high-temperature corrosive environments
Low susceptibility to pitting and crevice corrosion in moderately aggressive media
3. Mechanical Properties
High strength and toughness, even at elevated temperatures
Can be cold-worked to improve strength
Excellent ductility for forming, bending, and shaping
4. Schweißbarkeit
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, or resistance welding
Niobium stabilization reduces risk of Sensibilisierung in the heat-affected zone
Suitable for welded components in chemical, food, and high-temperature applications
5. Formability and Fabrication
Good cold and hot workability
Can be rolled, drawn, or pressed into complex shapes
Suitable for sheets, plates, tubes, and structural components
6. Heat Resistance
Kann widerstehen continuous service up to 870°C (1600°F)
Resistant to scaling and oxidation in oxidizing atmospheres
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel combines high-temperature stability, excellent corrosion resistance, and strong mechanical properties. Seine niobium stabilization prevents intergranular corrosion, making it ideal for high-temperature industrial equipment, chemical processing, aerospace, and food processing applications.
Zusätzliche Informationen
Fabrikation
Fabrication of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel designed to resist intergranular corrosion during welding and high-temperature service. It combines excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability, and mechanical strength, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes in industrial and high-temperature applications.
1. Bildung von
347 stainless steel has good cold formability in the annealed condition.
Can be bent, deep-drawn, stamped, and roll-formed.
Because of work-hardening, Zwischenglühen may be required during extensive forming operations to restore ductility.
2. Schneiden und Scheren
Can be cut with standard techniques such as shearing, sawing, and laser cutting.
Tools must be sharp to minimize work-hardening at the cut edges.
3. Bearbeitung
347 is moderat schwierig zu bearbeiten due to austenitic toughness and work-hardening tendency.
Verwenden Sie Hartmetallwerkzeuge for better performance, proper feed rates, and cooling lubricants to control heat and tool wear.
4. Schweißen
Excellent weldability with conventional processes: TIG, MIG, SMAW.
Titanium stabilization prevents interkristalline Korrosion near the weld.
Filler metals such as 347 or 308L are commonly used.
Post-weld annealing is typically Nicht erforderlich for corrosion resistance, but stress relief may be applied in high-temperature applications.
5. Kaltverfestigung
Cold working increases strength significantly due to work-hardening.
Extensive cold work reduces ductility; annealing may be required to restore formability for further fabrication.
6. Hot Working
Hot working is typically performed between 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F).
Proper temperature control ensures uniform mechanical properties and prevents grain growth.
7. Surface Finishing
Can be supplied in a range of finishes (2B, BA, or polished).
Work-hardened areas may require additional finishing for aesthetics or corrosion resistance.
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel is versatile and easily fabricated, offering excellent weldability, corrosion resistance, and strength. Its titanium stabilization makes it particularly suitable for welding and high-temperature applications, while its workability allows for forming, machining, and finishing across a wide range of industrial uses.
Schweißeignung
Weldability of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel das anbietet ausgezeichnete Schweißbarkeit. Its titanium content prevents the formation of chromium carbides during welding, reducing the risk of interkristalline Korrosion in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This makes 347 highly suitable for welded structures and components exposed to elevated temperatures.
1. Kompatible Schweißverfahren
WIG (GTAW) – Preferred for precision welding and thin sections.
MIG (GMAW) – Common for thicker sections and high-productivity applications.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) – Suitable for field and maintenance welding.
Resistance welding – Spot and seam welding can be used effectively.
2. Titanium Stabilization Benefits
Titanium reacts with carbon to form stable titanium carbides.
Prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, avoiding sensitization in the HAZ.
Ensures corrosion resistance is maintained after welding, even without post-weld annealing.
3. Filler Material Selection
Filler metals matching 347 are commonly used for optimum corrosion resistance.
ER347 or 308L filler rods are suitable depending on base material thickness and application.
Low-carbon fillers reduce carbide precipitation risk in general austenitic stainless steel applications.
4. Wärmeeinbringung und Verzug
347 has hohe Wärmeausdehnung, which can lead to distortion if not controlled.
Verwenden Sie low to moderate heat input to reduce warping and maintain dimensional stability.
Adequate fixturing and sequence planning help minimize residual stresses.
5. Nachbehandlung
Usually, post-weld annealing is Nicht erforderlich because titanium stabilization protects against intergranular corrosion.
Stress relief may be applied for high-temperature service or when dimensional stability is critical.
6. Applications Related to Weldability
High-temperature boilers and furnace components
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Heat exchangers
Pressure vessels and piping systems requiring welded assemblies
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel exhibits ausgezeichnete Schweißbarkeit due to its titanium stabilization, allowing it to maintain corrosion resistance in welded areas without the need for extensive post-weld heat treatment. Proper filler selection, heat control, and welding technique ensure strong, durable, and corrosion-resistant welds suitable for high-temperature and industrial applications.
Bearbeitbarkeit
Machinability of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel, a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, has mäßige Bearbeitbarkeit similar to other austenitic grades such as 304 and 321. While it is tougher and more work-hardening than carbon steels, careful tooling and machining practices allow for efficient processing and good surface finishes.
1. Verfestigungsmechanismen
347 stainless steel exhibits work-hardening during cutting, which increases tool wear if not properly managed.
Continuous, consistent cutting helps prevent excessive hardening on the surface.
2. Empfehlungen für die Werkzeugausstattung
Carbide tooling is preferred for higher productivity and tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at slower cutting speeds with careful feed control.
Positive rake angles reduce cutting forces and heat generation.
3. Schnittgeschwindigkeiten und Vorschübe
Slower cutting speeds than those used for carbon steels are recommended.
Verwenden Sie moderate to heavy feeds to keep the tool engaged and minimize work-hardening.
4. Kühlung und Schmierung
Austenitische Edelstähle haben low thermal conductivity, so heat control is critical.
Flood coolant or high-performance cutting oils help reduce heat, improve surface finish, and extend tool life.
5. Spannbildung
Chips are typically zäh und sehnig, making them difficult to evacuate.
Use chip breakers or insert geometries designed for stainless steel to manage chips effectively.
6. Oberflächenbeschaffenheit
Good surface finishes can be achieved with proper tool geometry, cutting parameters, and cooling.
Avoid dwell or pauses on the workpiece, as these can create hardened spots and reduce finish quality.
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel has mäßige Bearbeitbarkeit compared with other austenitic grades. Success in machining relies on sharp tools, controlled cutting parameters, proper cooling, and feed rates to counteract work-hardening and achieve high-quality finished components.
Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Corrosion Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance. The titanium stabilization prevents chromium carbide precipitation during welding, reducing the risk of interkristalline Korrosion, particularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This makes 347 ideal for welded assemblies and high-temperature applications.
1. Allgemeine Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Gut geeignet für atmospheric, industrial, and mildly corrosive environments.
Resistant to oxidation at moderate elevated temperatures.
Suitable for general chemical, petrochemical, and process equipment.
2. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
Titanium binds with carbon to form stable titanium carbides.
Prevents chromium depletion at grain boundaries, which avoids Sensibilisierung.
Especially beneficial in welded areas where intergranular corrosion is a concern.
3. Resistance to Chlorides
Exhibits moderate resistance to chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion.
Not as resistant as Mo-bearing grades like 316, but better than carbon steels or unstabilized austenitic grades in welded components.
4. Hochtemperaturkorrosion
Suitable for use in continuous service up to ~870°C (1600°F) in oxidizing atmospheres.
Titanium stabilization provides good resistance to carbide precipitation and oxidation during high-temperature service.
5. Comparison to Other Austenitic Grades
Better corrosion resistance than 304 in welded conditions due to titanium stabilization.
Slightly less corrosion-resistant than 316 in chloride-rich environments.
Superior intergranular corrosion resistance compared to unstabilized 321 or 304 stainless steels.
6. Applications Leveraging Corrosion Resistance
Heat exchangers and furnace components
Chemische und petrochemische Ausrüstung
Pressure vessels and piping systems
Components exposed to elevated temperatures or welding
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel combines excellent general corrosion resistance with superior resistance to intergranular corrosion, making it highly suitable for welded and high-temperature applications. Titanium stabilization ensures reliable long-term performance, especially in industrial and chemical environments.
Kaltbearbeitung
Cold Working of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is an austenitic, titanium-stabilized stainless steel with good cold-working properties. Cold working increases the material’s Festigkeit und Härte while reducing ductility. The titanium stabilization helps maintain corrosion resistance, even in heavily worked conditions.
1. Verfestigungsmechanismen
347 stainless steel work-hardens during cold deformation, although slightly less aggressively than 301 or 304.
Strength increases significantly with deformation, but ductility decreases.
2. Kaltumformungsprozesse
Rollend: For sheets, strips, and plates.
Zeichnung: For wires, tubes, and rods.
Biegen und Umformen: For clips, springs, and structural components.
Stanzen und Tiefziehen: For complex parts.
3. Steuerung der mechanischen Eigenschaften
Cold working allows precise adjustment of Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Härte.
Extensive cold working may require Zwischenglühen to restore ductility for further forming.
4. Auswirkung auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Titanium stabilization prevents Chromkarbid-Ausscheidung, maintaining corrosion resistance even after significant cold work.
Unlike unstabilized austenitic grades, 347 maintains resistance to intergranular corrosion in welded or heavily worked areas.
5. Nachbearbeitungsaspekte
In highly cold-worked parts, Lösungsglühen can be performed to relieve residual stresses and restore formability if required.
Cold working may also induce some Magnetismus due to martensitic transformation, though minimal in 347 compared to 301.
6. Applications Utilizing Cold Work
Springs and clips
Structural components requiring high strength
Industrial equipment requiring formability and corrosion resistance
Tubes, rods, and wire for chemical and high-temperature service
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel exhibits good cold-working characteristics, allowing it to achieve higher strength through work hardening while maintaining corrosion resistance thanks to titanium stabilization. Proper management of deformation and occasional annealing enables high-performance components for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Wärmebehandlung
Heat Treatment of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Unlike martensitic or precipitation-hardening grades, it is not hardened by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is mainly used to restore ductility, relieve stresses, and maintain corrosion resistance, especially after cold working or welding.
1. Annealing / Solution Treatment
Zweck:
Relieve stresses from cold working or forming
Restore ductility
Dissolve any unwanted precipitates
Typical Temperature: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Kühlung: Rapid air or water quenching to preserve a fully austenitic structure
Effekt
Returns mechanical properties to annealed condition
Maintains corrosion resistance due to titanium stabilization
2. Stressabbau
Zweck: Restspannungen beim Formen, Biegen oder Schweißen vermeiden
Temperaturbereich: 450-650°C (840-1200°F)
Effekt Minimizes distortion and reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking without significantly changing mechanical properties
3. Kaltverfestigter Zustandüberlegungen
Cold working increases strength but reduces ductility.
Zwischenglühen may be performed between forming operations to restore ductility and workability.
Repeated cold work and annealing allow precise control over strength and hardness.
4. Wärmebehandlung nach dem Schweißen
Welding 347 stainless steel typically does not require post-weld annealing for corrosion resistance, thanks to titanium stabilization.
Spannungsarmglühen kann bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen oder wenn Dimensionsstabilität kritisch ist, angewendet werden.
5. Einschränkungen
Heat treatment does not significantly increase hardness; 347 relies on cold working for strength enhancement.
Prolonged high-temperature exposure above ~500°C can reduce the effects of prior cold work.
Zusammenfassung
Heat treatment of 347 stainless steel is focused on stress relief, ductility restoration, and maintaining corrosion resistance, rather than hardening. Solution annealing and controlled stress relief help ensure optimal mechanical and chemical performance for welded, cold-worked, and high-temperature components.
Hitzebeständigkeit
Heat Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with good high-temperature properties. It is specifically designed for applications requiring resistance to carbide precipitation and oxidation bei erhöhter Temperatur.
1. Kontinuierliche Betriebstemperatur
Geeignet für den Dauereinsatz in oxidizing atmospheres up to ~870°C (1600°F).
Titanium stabilization prevents interkristalline Korrosion and maintains strength during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures.
2. Intermittierende Exposition
Vertragen intermittent exposure up to ~925°C (1700°F) ohne nennenswerte Skalierung oder Verschlechterung.
Useful for components subject to occasional thermal cycling or transient heating.
3. Oxidationsbeständigkeit
Bildet eine schutzende Chromoxidschicht that resists scaling in oxidizing environments.
Not suitable for prolonged exposure to strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures; for these, specialized high-temperature grades such as 310 are recommended.
4. Thermische Auswirkungen auf mechanische Eigenschaften
Retains good tensile strength and ductility at elevated temperatures.
High-temperature exposure does not significantly reduce corrosion resistance, due to titanium stabilization.
Prolonged exposure above 900°C can lead to grain growth, which may reduce toughness.
5. Anwendungen im Zusammenhang mit der Hitzebeständigkeit
Boiler and furnace components
Heat exchangers
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
High-temperature piping and welded assemblies
6. Vergleich mit anderen austenitischen Güten
Heat resistance is better than 304 in welded or high-temperature applications.
Slightly lower high-temperature strength than 310 but more corrosion-resistant than unstabilized 304 in the HAZ.
Titanium stabilization ensures reliability in long-term service at elevated temperatures.
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel provides excellent high-temperature performance up to ~870°C for continuous service. Its titanium stabilization prevents carbide precipitation, maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical strength in welded and heat-exposed components, making it ideal for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Heißarbeit
Heat Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with good high-temperature properties. It is specifically designed for applications requiring resistance to carbide precipitation and oxidation bei erhöhter Temperatur.
1. Kontinuierliche Betriebstemperatur
Geeignet für den Dauereinsatz in oxidizing atmospheres up to ~870°C (1600°F).
Titanium stabilization prevents interkristalline Korrosion and maintains strength during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures.
2. Intermittierende Exposition
Vertragen intermittent exposure up to ~925°C (1700°F) ohne nennenswerte Skalierung oder Verschlechterung.
Useful for components subject to occasional thermal cycling or transient heating.
3. Oxidationsbeständigkeit
Bildet eine schutzende Chromoxidschicht that resists scaling in oxidizing environments.
Not suitable for prolonged exposure to strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures; for these, specialized high-temperature grades such as 310 are recommended.
4. Thermische Auswirkungen auf mechanische Eigenschaften
Retains good tensile strength and ductility at elevated temperatures.
High-temperature exposure does not significantly reduce corrosion resistance, due to titanium stabilization.
Prolonged exposure above 900°C can lead to grain growth, which may reduce toughness.
5. Anwendungen im Zusammenhang mit der Hitzebeständigkeit
Boiler and furnace components
Heat exchangers
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
High-temperature piping and welded assemblies
6. Vergleich mit anderen austenitischen Güten
Heat resistance is better than 304 in welded or high-temperature applications.
Slightly lower high-temperature strength than 310 but more corrosion-resistant than unstabilized 304 in the HAZ.
Titanium stabilization ensures reliability in long-term service at elevated temperatures.
Zusammenfassung
347 stainless steel provides excellent high-temperature performance up to ~870°C for continuous service. Its titanium stabilization prevents carbide precipitation, maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical strength in welded and heat-exposed components, making it ideal for industrial and high-temperature applications.
