{"id":3921,"date":"2025-11-26T19:29:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T11:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=3921"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:11:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:11:14","slug":"s20910-xm-19-bar-sheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/metals\/stainless-steel\/high-performance-stainless-steels\/s20910-xm-19-bar-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"S20910 (XM-19) Bar &#038; Sheet"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3921\" class=\"elementor elementor-3921\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-921516e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"921516e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4225e9b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4225e9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e8b7eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e8b7eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S20910 (XM-19) Bar &amp; Sheet\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99ab3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99ab3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel with good mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c0e24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32c0e24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>XM-19 is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel that is available in an annealed or high strength condition.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/high-performance-stainless-steels\/s20910-xm-19-bar-sheet\/\">XM-19<\/a> can be used in a wide variety of industries including chemical, marine, nuclear, food processing, petrochemical, sour well service, cryogenic, textile and pulp &amp; paper.<\/p><p>UNS S20910\/XM-19 stainless steel provides outstanding resistance to general corrosion &#8211; Superior to Types 316\/<a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/316l-stainless-steel-bar-tube-sheet\/\">316L<\/a> and 317\/<a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317l-stainless-steel-s31703-sheet-plate\/\">317L<\/a> in many media.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f75670 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f75670\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25ff447 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"25ff447\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1609203 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1609203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9c83d9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f9c83d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa7b70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6fa7b70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Range\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e8730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f0e8730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-210\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"2\"\n           data-wpID=\"210\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FCFCFC wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Product Form                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FCFCFC wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Size Range                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Round Bar Peeled K12                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        35mm - 70mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-210'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FCFCFC { color: #FCFCFC !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b21672 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b21672\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong> PLEASE NOTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>If you do not see what you are looking for, please contact your\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">local service centre<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>with your specific requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41da24a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41da24a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">S20910 (XM-19)  Stainless Steel Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f1079 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"96f1079\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-211\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"9\"\n           data-wpID=\"211\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        System \/ Standard                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Country \/ Region                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade \/ Designation                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UNS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        International                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S20910                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AISI \/ ASTM                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        XM-19 (Nitrogen-strengthened austenitic)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Trade name                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitronic 50 (ARMCO \/ AK Steel)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN \/ W.Nr.                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.3964                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN Name                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        X2CrNiMnMoNNb21-16-5-3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A240                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S20910 (plate, sheet, strip)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A276 \/ A479                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        XM-19 \/ S20910 (bars, shapes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A182                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade FXM-19 (forgings, flanges, fittings)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-211'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-FF1100 { background-color: #FF1100 !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d8c765 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1d8c765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d341ebc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d341ebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20cf1e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"20cf1e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3440\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3440\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3440\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467fbc8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"467fbc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa1e8d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"aa1e8d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-214\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"13\"\n           data-wpID=\"214\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Carbon (C)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        20.50 - 23.50                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        11.50 - 13.50                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4.00 - 6.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phosphorous (P)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sulphur (S)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.01                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Silicon (Si)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.20 - 0.60                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Molybdenum (Mo)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.50 - 3.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.20 - 0.40                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Vanadium (V)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.10 - 0.30                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Niobium (Columbium) (Nb)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.10 - 0.30                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-214'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3441\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3441\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3441\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93d978f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93d978f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc21de elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"1cc21de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-213\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"213\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.2% Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        380 N\/mm2                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        690 N\/mm2                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hardness Brinell                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        293 max HB                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-213'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3442\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3442\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> General Physical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3442\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2ba096 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2ba096\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d403fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d403fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-212\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"3\"\n           data-wpID=\"212\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Physical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Density                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        7.8 g\/cm\u00b3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thermal Conductivity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        13.3 W\/m.K                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-212'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f07a20 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9f07a20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11f7abc e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11f7abc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d097ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d097ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ae170 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65ae170\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Applications of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19), commonly known as <strong>Nitronic 50<\/strong>, is a high-strength austenitic stainless steel alloyed with <strong>nitrogen, manganese, chromium and molybdenum<\/strong>. It offers <strong>roughly twice the yield strength of 316\/317<\/strong>, with <strong>excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in seawater<\/strong> and is essentially <strong>non-magnetic in the annealed condition<\/strong>, making it popular in demanding marine and process environments.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. Marine and Seawater Equipment<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Seawater piping, manifolds and headers on ships and offshore platforms<\/p><\/li><li><p>Seawater-cooled heat exchangers, coolers and condensers<\/p><\/li><li><p>Shipboard and offshore structural hardware exposed to splash and tidal zones<\/p><\/li><li><p>Shafts, pins, clevises and hardware for marine cranes, winches and handling gear<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>High strength and very good resistance to <strong>pitting, crevice attack and chloride stress-corrosion cracking<\/strong> in seawater, with better performance than 316L and standard 300-series grades.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Pump, Valve and Shaft Components<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Pump shafts for seawater, brine and chemical service<\/p><\/li><li><p>Valve stems, bodies, seats and internals in corrosive media<\/p><\/li><li><p>Mixer and agitator shafts in tanks containing chlorides or mildly acidic\/alkaline solutions<\/p><\/li><li><p>Centrifugal pump bowls, casings and impellers where erosion\u2013corrosion is an issue<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>Combines <strong>high strength, good galling resistance and superior corrosion resistance<\/strong>, allowing smaller shaft diameters and longer service life compared with 316\/317.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Petrochemical, Chemical and Process Industry<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Process piping, fittings and flanges in chloride-bearing chemical streams<\/p><\/li><li><p>Equipment in fertilizer, organic chemical and refinery units where 316\/317 are marginal<\/p><\/li><li><p>Heat-exchanger tubes, tube sheets and shells handling seawater or aggressive cooling water<\/p><\/li><li><p>Components in mixed chloride + oxidizing environments where both strength and corrosion margin are needed<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>Provides a strong <strong>upgrade over 316L\/317L<\/strong> in terms of strength and pitting resistance, without going to duplex or nickel alloys, and remains fully austenitic (non-magnetic).<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Fasteners, Springs and Mechanical Parts<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>High-strength <strong>bolts, studs, nuts and washers<\/strong> for marine, offshore and chemical plants<\/p><\/li><li><p>Springs and spring washers requiring high strength and good corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><li><p>Chains, shackles, couplings and rigging components operating in seawater or coastal atmospheres<\/p><\/li><li><p>Wear-resistant pins, bushings and guides in corrosive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>High yield strength allows <strong>compact, high-load fasteners and mechanical parts<\/strong>, while corrosion resistance is significantly better than standard 300-series stainless fasteners.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Offshore, Subsea and Structural Uses<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Structural members and brackets on offshore platforms and coastal installations<\/p><\/li><li><p>Components for subsea equipment where non-magnetic behaviour is beneficial (e.g. near instrumentation)<\/p><\/li><li><p>Tie-rods, hangers and tension members exposed to seawater or splash zones<\/p><\/li><li><p>Hardware in riser systems, clamps and supports where both <strong>load capacity and corrosion life<\/strong> matter<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>Non-magnetic austenitic structure, high strength and <strong>excellent seawater resistance<\/strong> make it attractive where duplex steels may not be desired (e.g. for magnetic or fabrication reasons).<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Pulp &amp; Paper, Food and General Industrial Applications<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Pulp and paper equipment in chloride-containing bleaching and washing stages<\/p><\/li><li><p>Components in food and beverage plants where strong cleaners or brines are used<\/p><\/li><li><p>Industrial washers, cleaners, and equipment exposed to detergents and chlorinated waters<\/p><\/li><li><p>General plant items (tanks, frames, guides) that need more strength and corrosion resistance than 304\/316<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>Why XM-19?<\/em><br \/>Good <strong>cleanability, stainless behaviour and corrosion resistance<\/strong>, combined with higher strength, reduce section thickness and extend service life in aggressive wash and process environments.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) stainless steel is widely used in <strong>marine and seawater systems, pump and valve components, petrochemical and process equipment, high-strength fasteners and springs, offshore\/structural hardware, and aggressive industrial service<\/strong>, wherever designers need a <strong>non-magnetic, high-strength austenitic stainless steel with significantly better pitting, crevice and chloride stress-corrosion resistance than 316\/317<\/strong>, without stepping up to duplex or nickel-based alloys.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dd8c14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4dd8c14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46ca31f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"46ca31f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3733b64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3733b64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Characteristics of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19), commonly known as Nitronic 50, is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with nitrogen strengthening, excellent seawater corrosion resistance and essentially <strong>non-magnetic behaviour in the annealed condition<\/strong>, making it a special variant within the 300-series family.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. High-Strength Austenitic Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Fully <strong>austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>, not duplex or martensitic.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Nitrogen and manganese additions give <strong>roughly twice the yield strength of 316\/317<\/strong> in the annealed state.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Allows use of <strong>smaller cross-sections and lighter components<\/strong> compared with standard 300-series grades while carrying the same load.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Enhanced Corrosion Resistance (Especially in Seawater)<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Corrosion resistance is <strong>better than 316\/317<\/strong> in many chloride-bearing environments.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Very good <strong>pitting and crevice corrosion resistance<\/strong> in natural and brackish seawater.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Suitable for <strong>marine, offshore and cooling-water systems<\/strong> where 316 can pit or crevice-corrode prematurely.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Non-Magnetic (or Very Low Magnetic Permeability)<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Essentially <strong>non-magnetic in the annealed condition<\/strong>, even at high strength levels.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Remains very low magnetic permeability compared with cold-worked 304\/316, even after some forming or light cold work.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Attractive for <strong>equipment near magnetic instruments, sensors and actuators<\/strong>, and for marine applications where magnetic signature is important.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Good Toughness and Ductility Over a Wide Temperature Range<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Maintains <strong>good impact toughness<\/strong> from cryogenic temperatures up to typical service temperatures.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Ductility is good despite higher strength, so it can withstand <strong>shock, vibration and dynamic loading<\/strong> in shafts, fasteners and structural parts.<\/p><\/li><li><p>More resistant to brittle fracture than high-strength martensitic or duplex grades in many conditions.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Galling, Wear and Erosion\u2013Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Better <strong>galling resistance<\/strong> than many standard austenitic grades, useful for:<\/p><ul><li><p>Fasteners<\/p><\/li><li><p>Sliding and bearing components<\/p><\/li><li><p>Pump and valve internals<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>High strength plus good corrosion resistance gives <strong>good erosion\u2013corrosion performance<\/strong> in high-velocity seawater and process fluids.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Work-Hardening, Forming and Machining Behaviour<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>As an austenitic steel, XM-19 <strong>work hardens<\/strong> during cold deformation.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Formability is generally good, but forming loads are <strong>higher than for 304\/316<\/strong> because of its higher yield strength.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Machinability is <strong>more demanding than 316<\/strong>, requiring:<\/p><ul><li><p>Rigid setups<\/p><\/li><li><p>Sharp carbide tooling<\/p><\/li><li><p>Correct speeds\/feeds and abundant coolant<br \/>to manage work hardening and tough chip formation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>7. Weldability and Fabrication Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Generally <strong>weldable<\/strong> with appropriate austenitic or matching fillers.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Heat input and interpass temperature should be controlled to avoid excessive grain growth and to maintain corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Welds and HAZ should be properly <strong>cleaned and, where needed, pickled\/passivated<\/strong> to restore full pitting resistance in seawater or chloride service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel is a <strong>high-strength, nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless<\/strong> with yield strength about twice that of 316\/317, <strong>excellent pitting and crevice resistance in seawater, very low magnetic permeability, good toughness, improved galling resistance and reasonable weldability and formability<\/strong>, making it a go-to material for demanding marine, pump\/valve, fastener and process applications where standard 300-series grades are not strong or corrosion-resistant enough.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a3e020 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7a3e020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-398ba8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"398ba8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional Information\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f273836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"f273836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2540\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2540\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2540\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af9c5ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af9c5ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f22bda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f22bda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Weldability of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is <strong>generally weldable<\/strong>, but as a high-strength, nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel it needs <strong>good procedure control<\/strong> to avoid hot cracking, loss of corrosion resistance and reduced strength in the weld and HAZ.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Weldability Characteristics<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Austenitic structure \u2192 <strong>no preheat<\/strong> normally required and good basic weldability.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Higher strength and nitrogen content make it <strong>less forgiving than 304\/316<\/strong> if procedures are poor.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Main risks with bad practice:<\/p><ul><li><p>Hot cracking (solidification cracking)<\/p><\/li><li><p>Loss of nitrogen and chromium at the weld, reducing pitting resistance<\/p><\/li><li><p>Excessive distortion due to high heat input<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Suitable Welding Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Commonly used processes:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>GTAW (TIG)<\/strong> \u2013 preferred for root passes and thin material, with excellent control and shielding.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>GMAW (MIG\/MAG)<\/strong> \u2013 for production welding of pipe, tube and plate.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>SMAW (MMA)<\/strong> \u2013 for site work, repairs and thicker sections with appropriate electrodes.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>FCAW<\/strong> \u2013 possible with suitable stainless flux-cored wires in shop fabrication.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Autogenous (no-filler) welding is <strong>only recommended for very thin sections<\/strong>; for most joints, filler is needed to control composition and cracking resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Filler Metal Selection<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Use <strong>matching or slightly over-alloyed austenitic stainless fillers<\/strong> recommended for XM-19 service.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Objectives for filler metal:<\/p><ul><li><p>Maintain <strong>strength<\/strong> appropriate to the design (often close to or above 316L levels).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Provide <strong>pitting and crevice corrosion resistance<\/strong> at least equal to the base metal in seawater \/ chloride service.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Offer good <strong>crack resistance<\/strong> and weldability.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>In particularly aggressive environments, more highly alloyed austenitic fillers may be used to give the weld metal extra corrosion margin.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Heat Input, Interpass Temperature and Cooling<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Use <strong>moderate heat input<\/strong> \u2013 not too low, not excessive:<\/p><ul><li><p>Too low \u2192 risk of lack of fusion or poor bead shape.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Too high \u2192 wider HAZ, higher distortion and more nitrogen\/chromium loss at the surface.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Keep <strong>interpass temperature controlled<\/strong> (moderate, not excessively hot) to limit grain growth and distortion.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Allow welds to <strong>cool in still air<\/strong>; no rapid quenching is needed or desirable.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Weld Microstructure, Properties and Corrosion Behaviour<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Proper procedures produce welds with:<\/p><ul><li><p>Austenitic weld metal and HAZ with <strong>adequate toughness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>High strength<\/strong>, often comparable to or slightly below base-metal yield strength.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Corrosion resistance suitable for marine and chemical service when surfaces are cleaned and finished correctly.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Poor practice (high heat input, poor shielding, incorrect filler, contaminated joint surfaces) can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Reduce <strong>pitting and crevice resistance<\/strong> near welds.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Increase risk of <strong>hot cracking<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Leave welds and HAZ more susceptible to corrosion in seawater or aggressive media.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Shielding, Root Quality and Post-Weld Cleaning<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Shielding gas quality<\/strong> is important:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use appropriate inert (or inert-rich) shielding to prevent oxidation and nitrogen loss.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For pipe and tank roots, use <strong>back purging<\/strong> to keep the root oxide-free and corrosion-resistant.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>After welding:<\/p><ul><li><p>Remove <strong>slag, spatter, heat tint and oxidation<\/strong> by grinding, brushing or blasting.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use <strong>pickling and\/or passivation<\/strong> where required to restore a clean, chromium-rich passive film.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Smooth, well-finished welds perform much better in seawater and chloride service than rough or heat-tinted ones.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>7. Optional Post-Weld Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>For most fabrication, XM-19 is used in the <strong>as-welded condition<\/strong> with no post-weld heat treatment.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For very heavily restrained or highly stressed components in severe environments, a <strong>solution anneal + rapid cool<\/strong> after welding may be specified to:<\/p><ul><li><p>Restore optimum toughness and corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><li><p>Homogenise microstructure in the weld\/HAZ<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Whether this is needed depends on <strong>code, application and section size<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel has <strong>good weldability for a high-strength austenitic grade<\/strong>, provided you use suitable austenitic fillers, moderate heat input and interpass temperatures, good shielding and back purging, and thorough post-weld cleaning and passivation; with these measures, welds retain the high strength and excellent seawater corrosion resistance that make XM-19 attractive for marine, pump\/valve and process applications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2541\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2541\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2541\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-667c3e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"667c3e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d094b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6d094b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Fabrication of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>. It fabricates broadly like 316\/317, but with <strong>higher forming loads, tougher machining and a bit more care in welding<\/strong> because of its strength and nitrogen content.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Fabrication Approach<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Usually supplied <strong>solution-annealed and pickled<\/strong> (plate, bar, pipe, forgings).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Most <strong>forming, machining and welding<\/strong> should be done in this condition.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Compared with 304\/316, expect:<\/p><ul><li><p>Higher <strong>forming and cutting forces<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Somewhat <strong>tougher machining<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Slightly <strong>tighter weld procedure window<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Forming and Cold Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Cold formability is <strong>good<\/strong>, but yield strength is much higher than 316 \u2192 more press\/roll capacity needed.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Good practice:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>slightly larger bend radii<\/strong> than with 304\/316 to avoid cracking on thicker sections.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Form in <strong>gradual steps<\/strong> with smooth tools and good lubrication to reduce galling.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Allow for <strong>more spring-back<\/strong> than standard 300-series grades.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>As an austenitic alloy, XM-19 <strong>work hardens<\/strong>, so very heavy cold reduction can significantly increase hardness and forming difficulty; very severe cold work may be followed by <strong>solution annealing<\/strong> if top toughness and corrosion resistance are critical.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Hot Working and Heat Treatment in the Route<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Hot working (forging, hot bending) follows typical austenitic stainless practice:<\/p><ul><li><p>Heat thoroughly and work in the recommended high-temperature range.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use substantial reductions, not light tapping, to refine structure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>After significant hot work, a <strong>solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/strong> is normally used to:<\/p><ul><li><p>Restore a uniform austenitic structure<\/p><\/li><li><p>Recover toughness and corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Final components for demanding service are typically used in the <strong>solution-annealed condition<\/strong>, then welded and finished.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Machinability is <strong>more demanding than 316<\/strong> due to higher strength and work hardening.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Recommendations:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>carbide tooling<\/strong> and rigid setups.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Run <strong>moderate speeds<\/strong> with enough feed and depth to cut beneath any work-hardened layer.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Apply <strong>plenty of coolant<\/strong> and chip-breaking geometries (XM-19 forms tough chips).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>A sensible route is:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Rough machine<\/strong> in the solution-annealed condition \u2192 weld\/form \u2192 <strong>finish machine \/ grind<\/strong> to final size and surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Welding within Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 is <strong>weldable<\/strong>, but needs good procedure control (see Weldability section):<\/p><ul><li><p>Use suitable <strong>austenitic or matching fillers<\/strong> with adequate corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Keep <strong>heat input moderate<\/strong> and control interpass temperature.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use good shielding and <strong>back purging<\/strong> on pipe\/tank roots.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Normally <strong>no PWHT<\/strong> is required; components are used in the as-welded, solution-annealed condition, with quality controlled by procedure rather than tempering.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Surface Cleaning, Pickling and Passivation<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>To achieve full corrosion performance (especially in seawater):<\/p><ul><li><p>Remove <strong>slag, spatter, heat tint and oxide<\/strong> from welds and HAZ.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use appropriate <strong>pickling and\/or passivation<\/strong> (or high-quality mechanical cleaning) to restore a clean, chromium-rich passive film.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Aim for <strong>smooth, defect-free finishes<\/strong> on wetted or crevice-prone surfaces.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>7. Distortion and Dimensional Control<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Austenitic structure gives relatively <strong>high thermal expansion<\/strong>, so welding can still cause distortion.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Higher strength means:<\/p><ul><li><p>Stronger residual stresses where heavily welded or cold worked.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Practical measures:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>balanced welding sequences<\/strong> and proper fixturing.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid excessive local cold straightening in critical areas.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For precision parts, plan:<br \/><strong>Form \u2192 Weld \u2192 Light straighten (if needed) \u2192 Finish machine \/ grind.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) fabricates much like a \u201cstronger, tougher 316\u201d: it can be <strong>cold and hot formed, machined and welded<\/strong> with standard stainless shop practices, provided you allow for higher forming\/machining loads, use suitable austenitic fillers and controlled welding procedures, and always finish with thorough cleaning and passivation to preserve its high-strength, seawater-resistant performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2542\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2542\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2542\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8b02c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c8b02c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed5ec0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ed5ec0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Hot Working of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is an austenitic stainless steel that can be hot worked using procedures similar to 316\/317, but its <strong>higher strength and nitrogen content<\/strong> mean temperature control and subsequent solution annealing are very important.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. Recommended Hot Working Temperature Range<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 is typically hot worked in a <strong>high-temperature austenitic range<\/strong> (conceptually in the same band as other high-alloy austenitic stainless steels).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Practical guidelines:<\/p><ul><li><p>Start hot working at a <strong>high enough temperature<\/strong> to ensure good plasticity.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Do <strong>not continue working when the material has cooled too far<\/strong> (toward the lower austenitic limit), as ductility drops and cracking risk increases.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Exact start\/finish temperatures and soaking times should always follow the <strong>mill datasheet for the specific product<\/strong> (plate, bar, forging stock).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Heating and Forging Practice<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Heat the workpiece <strong>uniformly through the full section<\/strong> before applying heavy reductions.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use <strong>substantial reductions per pass<\/strong> rather than light tapping to refine the grain structure.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reheat as needed when temperature falls toward the lower working limit; do <strong>not<\/strong> keep working it \u201ctoo cold\u201d.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid excessive or prolonged overheating at the top of the range to limit:<\/p><ul><li><p>Grain growth<\/p><\/li><li><p>Scale formation<\/p><\/li><li><p>Unnecessary surface damage<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Cooling and Subsequent Solution Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>After hot working, allow parts to cool in <strong>still air<\/strong> down to a safe handling temperature.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For demanding applications (marine, chemical, high-load service), a <strong>full solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/strong> after hot working is strongly recommended to:<\/p><ul><li><p>Restore a homogeneous <strong>austenitic microstructure<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Recover <strong>toughness and corrosion resistance<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Remove any adverse effects of non-uniform deformation or partial phase changes<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Typical practice:<\/p><ul><li><p>Solution anneal in the appropriate high-temperature range specified for XM-19.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Hold long enough for full through-heating.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Rapidly cool<\/strong> (usually water quench or very fast air for thin sections).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Surface Scale, Machining Allowance and Cleaning<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>At hot-working temperatures, XM-19 will develop <strong>oxide scale<\/strong> and slight surface roughness.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Leave sufficient <strong>machining or grinding allowance<\/strong> to remove:<\/p><ul><li><p>Scale<\/p><\/li><li><p>Any decarburised or mechanically damaged surface layer<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>After hot working and solution annealing, clean surfaces by:<\/p><ul><li><p>Mechanical methods (grinding, brushing, blasting) and\/or<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Pickling and passivation<\/strong><br \/>to restore a clean, chromium-rich passive film for maximum corrosion resistance (especially in seawater).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Effect on Microstructure and Properties<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Correct hot working followed by solution annealing yields:<\/p><ul><li><p>A fine-grained, uniform <strong>austenitic structure<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>High yield strength (for an austenitic grade) with good toughness.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reliable <strong>pitting and crevice corrosion resistance<\/strong> in marine and process environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Poor practice (working too cold, severe local deformation without subsequent solution anneal) can result in:<\/p><ul><li><p>Localised hard, heavily worked regions<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduced toughness and more difficult machining<\/p><\/li><li><p>Non-uniform properties through the section<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Design, Distortion and Cracking Control<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Design preforms and forgings with:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Smooth transitions<\/strong> and generous radii<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoidance of sharp corners and abrupt thickness changes that concentrate stress during forging and cooling<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For long shafts, rings or complex shapes:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use proper support and handling during hot work and cooling to minimise bending and distortion.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Inspect forgings for <strong>surface cracks, laps and folds<\/strong> before investing in final heat treatment and machining.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>Hot working of S20910 (XM-19) should be carried out in an appropriate high-temperature austenitic range with uniform heating and substantial reductions, followed by air cooling and\u2014where high performance is required\u2014a <strong>solution anneal with rapid cooling<\/strong> and proper cleaning; this route preserves a fine austenitic structure, high strength, good toughness and the excellent seawater and process-corrosion resistance that XM-19 is chosen for.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2543\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2543\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2543\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87b3e46 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87b3e46\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc92608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc92608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Heat Resistance of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> intended mainly for <strong>ambient to moderately elevated temperatures<\/strong> in corrosive, especially seawater, environments. It is not a dedicated high-temperature \/ creep-resistant alloy.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. Recommended Service Temperature Range<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Typically used from <strong>sub-zero temperatures up to about 250\u2013300\u00b0C<\/strong> in continuous service.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Within this range it maintains:<\/p><ul><li><p>High yield strength (well above 316\/317)<\/p><\/li><li><p>Good toughness and ductility<\/p><\/li><li><p>Very good pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in seawater and process waters<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For <strong>long-term service significantly above this range<\/strong>, both mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour may degrade and other heat-resistant alloys are usually preferred.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Strength and Toughness at Elevated Temperatures<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>As temperature rises:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Yield and tensile strength decrease<\/strong>, as with all steels, but XM-19 still stays stronger than 316\/317 at the same temperature.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Fatigue strength<\/strong> also drops with increasing temperature and cyclic loading.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>XM-19 retains <strong>good impact toughness<\/strong> over its normal working range, making it suitable for dynamically loaded shafts, fasteners and structural parts in warm environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Corrosion Behaviour in Hot Seawater and Process Fluids<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 is designed for <strong>hot, chloride-containing environments<\/strong> such as seawater and aggressive cooling water:<\/p><ul><li><p>Better <strong>pitting and crevice corrosion resistance<\/strong> than 316\/317, even at elevated temperatures.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Good resistance to <strong>chloride stress-corrosion cracking<\/strong> compared with standard austenitic grades, though not as SCC-resistant as duplex\/super duplex steels.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>In hot chemical and process streams, it offers a useful combination of <strong>corrosion margin + strength<\/strong>, as long as temperature and chemistry stay within typical XM-19 limits.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Microstructural Stability and Sensitization<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>As an austenitic grade it does <strong>not form sigma phase<\/strong> the way duplex\/super duplex steels do, but it can still suffer:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Sensitization<\/strong> (chromium carbide formation at grain boundaries) if held for long times in the traditional \u201csensitization\u201d band; this can reduce resistance to intergranular corrosion in some media.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Correct solution annealing and reasonable fabrication heat cycles minimise these effects and keep the microstructure stable for normal service temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Design Considerations for Elevated-Temperature Service<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Treat XM-19 as a <strong>high-strength, corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless<\/strong> for moderate temperatures, not as a primary high-temperature or creep-resistant alloy.<\/p><\/li><li><p>In design you should:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>temperature-dependent allowable stresses<\/strong> that reflect strength loss with temperature.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid configurations that create <strong>local hot spots<\/strong> or long-term exposure near sensitization ranges if intergranular attack is a concern.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Combine good material choice with <strong>proper surface finish, welding procedures and post-weld cleaning<\/strong> for hot seawater and process service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel offers <strong>reliable heat resistance and high strength in corrosive, especially seawater, environments up to roughly 250\u2013300\u00b0C<\/strong>, retaining good toughness and superior pitting\/crevice resistance compared with 316\/317; however, it is <strong>not intended for long-term high-temperature or creep-critical service<\/strong>, where dedicated heat-resistant stainless or nickel alloys are more appropriate.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2544\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2544\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2544\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efea2ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"efea2ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f48683 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f48683\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Machinability of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with noticeably more difficult machinability than 304\/316. It can still be machined very successfully, but only with <strong>rigid setups, correct tooling and well-chosen cutting data<\/strong>.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Machining Behaviour<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Higher yield strength than 316\/317 \u2192 <strong>higher cutting forces<\/strong> and tool loads.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Strong <strong>work hardening<\/strong> if feeds are too low or tools rub instead of cutting.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Produces <strong>tough, stringy chips<\/strong> unless chip-breaking is well controlled.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Overall machinability: <strong>significantly worse than 304\/316<\/strong>, but manageable with a good machining strategy.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Preferred Condition for Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Best machined in the <strong>solution-annealed, pickled condition<\/strong> as supplied.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid heavy cold work on surfaces immediately before finish machining, as it:<\/p><ul><li><p>Increases surface hardness<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduces tool life<\/p><\/li><li><p>Makes dimensional control more difficult<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For precision parts, a good route is:<br \/><strong>Rough machine \u2192 weld\/form (if needed) \u2192 light straighten \u2192 finish machine \/ grind.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Tooling and Cutting Parameters<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Use <strong>carbide tooling<\/strong> designed for stainless \/ austenitic materials.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Key setup points:<\/p><ul><li><p>Rigid machines, fixturing and toolholders to minimise chatter.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Positive or mildly positive rake inserts to reduce cutting forces.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Cutting data (conceptually):<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Moderate speeds<\/strong> \u2013 lower than for 304\/316.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Adequate feed and depth of cut<\/strong> so the tool cuts beneath any work-hardened skin.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid very light \u201cpolishing\u201d cuts that just rub and harden the surface.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Coolant and Chip Control<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 generates substantial heat \u2192 <strong>coolant is essential<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use abundant, well-directed cutting fluid\/emulsion at the cutting zone.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For deep holes, ensure coolant reaches the drill tip and flushes chips.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Chips tend to be <strong>long and tough<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use inserts with effective <strong>chip breaker<\/strong> geometries.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Adjust feed and depth to encourage chip breaking and avoid bird-nesting.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Good chip control improves tool life, surface finish and CNC reliability.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Drilling, Tapping and Threading<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Drilling<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>carbide or high-quality cobalt HSS drills<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Apply steady feed; avoid dwelling at the bottom of the hole.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use peck cycles for deep holes to clear chips and limit work hardening.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Tapping \/ Threading<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Use strong, high-performance taps with <strong>plenty of lubricant<\/strong> and modest speed.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Expect higher torque than with 316.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For critical or larger threads, <strong>thread milling<\/strong> is often safer and gives better control over fit and size.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Surface Finish and Dimensional Accuracy<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>With proper tooling and parameters, XM-19 can achieve <strong>excellent turned, milled and ground finishes<\/strong> for seal and bearing surfaces.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For accurate dimensions:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>balanced machining<\/strong> (symmetrical material removal) where possible.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid local overheating from aggressive grinding or very heavy cuts.<\/p><\/li><li><p>On slender shafts and long parts, use multiple controlled passes instead of one very heavy cut to maintain straightness.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel has <strong>demanding but manageable machinability<\/strong>: treat it as a stronger, more work-hardening version of 316\u2014use rigid setups, stainless-rated carbide tools, moderate speeds with solid feeds, abundant coolant and good chip-breaking strategies, plus a sensible roughing\u2013finishing route, to achieve good tool life, accurate dimensions and high-quality surfaces on marine, pump\/valve and structural components.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2545\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2545\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2545\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ed5927 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9ed5927\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c5c0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87c5c0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Corrosion Resistance of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong>significantly better corrosion resistance than 316\/317<\/strong>, especially in <strong>seawater and chloride-bearing environments<\/strong>, while remaining essentially non-magnetic in the annealed condition.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Corrosion Behaviour<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Excellent resistance to <strong>uniform (general) corrosion<\/strong> in many industrial, marine and chemical environments.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Clearly superior to <strong>304\/316<\/strong> in most chloride-containing waters and many process streams.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Well suited to long-term service in <strong>seawater, brackish water, cooling water and many chemical plant environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion in Chloride Media<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Alloyed with <strong>Cr, Mo, N and Mn<\/strong> to provide <strong>enhanced pitting and crevice resistance<\/strong> over 316\/317.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Performs very well in:<\/p><ul><li><p>Natural and warm <strong>seawater<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Brackish and chlorinated cooling waters<\/p><\/li><li><p>Many chloride-bearing process fluids<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>As with all stainless steels, tight crevices, deposits and stagnant zones can still become attack sites, so <strong>good design and clean surfaces<\/strong> remain important.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Chloride Stress-Corrosion Cracking (SCC)<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 shows <strong>better SCC resistance than standard austenitics<\/strong> such as 304\/316, especially in warm chlorides.<\/p><\/li><li><p>However, it is still an austenitic grade and <strong>not as SCC-resistant as duplex\/super duplex<\/strong> stainless steels in the most severe hot-chloride conditions.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For many marine and cooling-water applications, it offers a good balance of <strong>strength + SCC resistance<\/strong> without moving to duplex metallurgy.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Behaviour in Chemical and Process Environments<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Good performance in many <strong>mild to moderately aggressive acids, alkalis and salt solutions<\/strong>, especially where chlorides are present.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Frequently used where 316\/317 are at the limit but full duplex or nickel alloys are not yet required.<\/p><\/li><li><p>For very strong mineral acids, highly reducing media or extreme temperature\u2013concentration combinations, more highly alloyed stainless or nickel alloys may still be necessary.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Intergranular Corrosion and Welded Joints<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>With proper <strong>solution annealing<\/strong> and reasonable control of thermal exposure, XM-19 has good resistance to <strong>intergranular corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Poor practice (long holds in sensitization temperature ranges, inadequate solution anneal, or highly overheated welds) can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Cause <strong>chromium carbide precipitation<\/strong> at grain boundaries.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduce resistance to intergranular attack in certain media.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Correct welding, followed by <strong>good cleaning and, where needed, pickling\/passivation<\/strong>, helps maintain weld corrosion resistance close to the base metal.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Influence of Surface Finish, Cleaning and Design<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>As with all stainless steels, corrosion resistance depends strongly on <strong>surface condition<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li><p>Smooth, clean, ground or brushed finishes resist pitting and fouling better than rough or damaged surfaces.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Weld scale, heat tint and contamination should be removed by <strong>mechanical cleaning and\/or pickling plus passivation<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Good design practice includes:<\/p><ul><li><p>Minimising <strong>crevices, dead legs and dirt traps<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Providing drainage and access for inspection and cleaning.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoiding unfavourable <strong>galvanic couples<\/strong> with more active alloys in wet service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel offers <strong>markedly better pitting, crevice and general corrosion resistance than 316\/317 in seawater and chloride-bearing environments<\/strong>, with improved SCC resistance for austenitic steel, provided it is correctly solution-annealed, welded with suitable procedures, and finished with clean, well-designed surfaces\u2014making it a strong choice for demanding marine, cooling-water, pump\/valve and process applications where standard 300-series grades are not durable enough.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2546\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2546\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2546\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c866eba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c866eba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d63b0d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d63b0d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Heat Treatment of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>. It is <strong>not hardened by quenching<\/strong> like martensitic steels; instead, its strength comes from <strong>composition (N, Mn, Mo) and any cold work<\/strong>, with heat treatment mainly used to obtain or restore the correct austenitic structure and corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Heat-Treatment Behaviour<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Fully <strong>austenitic<\/strong> in the solution-annealed condition.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Cannot be precipitation-hardened like 17-4PH \/ 15-5PH, and does <strong>not form martensite<\/strong> on quenching.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Main functions of heat treatment are to:<\/p><ul><li><p>Restore a <strong>uniform austenitic microstructure<\/strong> after hot or heavy cold work.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Recover <strong>toughness and corrosion resistance<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduce or redistribute residual stresses where necessary.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Solution Annealing (Primary Heat Treatment)<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Purpose<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Dissolve carbides and any unwanted phases.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Re-homogenise and refine the austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Recover the best <strong>pitting, crevice and general corrosion resistance<\/strong>, especially for seawater service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Typical practice (conceptually)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Heat into a high-temperature <strong>solution-annealing range<\/strong> specified for XM-19.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Hold long enough for full through-heating of the section.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Rapidly cool<\/strong> \u2013 usually water quench (or very fast air for thin products) \u2013 to freeze in a clean, single-phase austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>After proper solution annealing and rapid cooling, XM-19 has:<\/p><ul><li><p>High yield strength for an austenitic stainless steel.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Good toughness over a wide temperature range.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Maximum available corrosion resistance for this grade.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Stress Relief and Post-Fabrication Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>In many applications, components are used in the <strong>as-welded, solution-annealed condition<\/strong> without extra stress relief.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Austenitic steels like XM-19 <strong>do not require<\/strong> carbon-steel-style stress-relief cycles for most service, and excessive intermediate-temperature exposure can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Promote <strong>sensitization<\/strong> (chromium carbide at grain boundaries).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Slightly reduce resistance to intergranular corrosion in some media.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Where a code or design demands stress reduction:<\/p><ul><li><p>Any stress-relief treatment must follow <strong>XM-19-specific guidance<\/strong> from the mill or standard.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Temperature and time should be chosen to <strong>minimise sensitization<\/strong> while achieving the required stress reduction.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Interaction with Cold Work and Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 can be strengthened by <strong>cold working<\/strong> (drawing, rolling, forming):<\/p><ul><li><p>Cold work increases yield and tensile strength.<\/p><\/li><li><p>It also raises hardness and residual stress.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>A subsequent <strong>solution anneal<\/strong> will:<\/p><ul><li><p>Remove the extra strength gained from heavy cold work.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Restore maximum toughness and corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For critical seawater or fatigue applications, designers must decide whether to:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>cold-worked, higher-strength material<\/strong> with more residual stress, or<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use <strong>solution-annealed material<\/strong> with slightly lower strength but maximum corrosion resistance and toughness.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Effect of Improper Heat Exposure<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Long or repeated exposure in the traditional <strong>sensitization temperature range<\/strong> can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Lead to chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduce resistance to intergranular corrosion in certain environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Overheating or prolonged holds outside the recommended bands are unnecessary and can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Cause grain growth and minor loss of toughness.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Degrade surface condition, requiring more extensive finishing to regain corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Practical Heat-Treatment Route in Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><p>Typical route for demanding marine \/ process parts:<\/p><ul><li><p>Supply from mill in <strong>solution-annealed and pickled<\/strong> condition.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Hot work \/ heavy forming<\/strong>, if needed \u2192 followed by <strong>solution anneal + rapid cool<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Cold forming, machining and welding<\/strong> using good austenitic procedures.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Normally <strong>no PWHT after welding<\/strong>, just:<\/p><ul><li><p>Correct welding parameters and filler selection.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Thorough <strong>post-weld cleaning, pickling and passivation<\/strong> to restore a clean passive surface.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>For S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel, heat treatment is centred on <strong>high-temperature solution annealing followed by rapid cooling<\/strong>, used to obtain or restore a clean, homogeneous austenitic structure with high toughness and excellent corrosion resistance; it is not quench-hardened like martensitic steels, and any stress-relief or additional heat treatment must be carefully controlled to avoid sensitization and preserve its seawater-resistant performance.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2547\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2547\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2547\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1fde8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e1fde8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e70772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e70772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Cold Working of S20910 (XM-19) Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p>S20910 (XM-19 \/ Nitronic 50) is a <strong>high-strength austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong>good ductility but strong work hardening<\/strong>. It can be cold worked successfully, but requires higher forming loads and good control of strain levels, tooling and lubrication.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. General Cold Workability<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Fully austenitic \u2192 <strong>good ductility<\/strong>, suitable for bending, rolling, drawing and shaping.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Yield strength is much higher than 304\/316 \u2192 <strong>significantly higher forming forces<\/strong> are needed.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Strong <strong>work hardening<\/strong>:<\/p><ul><li><p>Strength and hardness rise quickly with strain.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Residual stresses can become high in heavily worked areas.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Bending, Rolling and Forming Practice<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Suitable for:<\/p><ul><li><p>Rolling of plate and sections<\/p><\/li><li><p>Forming shells, cones, flanges and general profiles<\/p><\/li><li><p>Moderate deep drawing or stretch forming with correct tooling<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Good practice:<\/p><ul><li><p>Use <strong>slightly larger minimum bend radii<\/strong> than for 304\/316, especially on thicker sections.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Form in <strong>gradual, controlled steps<\/strong> rather than one very heavy hit.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use <strong>smooth, polished tools and good lubrication<\/strong> to reduce friction and galling.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Allow for <strong>more spring-back<\/strong> than standard 300-series grades.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Work Hardening and Residual Stresses<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>XM-19 work hardens strongly under cold deformation:<\/p><ul><li><p>Increases <strong>local strength and hardness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduces ductility in heavily strained zones.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Introduces <strong>residual stresses<\/strong>, affecting:<\/p><ul><li><p>Distortion during\/after welding<\/p><\/li><li><p>Fatigue and corrosion-fatigue behaviour<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Very heavy local cold work can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Make subsequent machining noticeably more difficult.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Increase risk of distortion and stress-related issues in service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Heavy Cold Work and Solution Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>For <strong>light to moderate cold work<\/strong> (typical bends, rolling, general forming):<\/p><ul><li><p>Parts are often used <strong>as cold formed<\/strong>, especially where extra strength is beneficial.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For <strong>severe cold work<\/strong>, such as:<\/p><ul><li><p>Tight-radius bends on thick plate<\/p><\/li><li><p>Large-area deep drawing or heavy cold reduction<\/p><\/li><li><p>Highly strained regions in critical components<br \/>a <strong>solution anneal + rapid cooling<\/strong> is recommended to:<\/p><\/li><li><p>Restore a uniform austenitic microstructure<\/p><\/li><li><p>Recover maximum <strong>toughness and corrosion resistance<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduce residual stress and excessive hardness<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Interaction with Welding and Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Cold-worked areas:<\/p><ul><li><p>Are more prone to <strong>distortion<\/strong> when welded due to stored strain energy.<\/p><\/li><li><p>May be harder to machine because of increased surface hardness.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For precision or critical parts, a good overall route is:<br \/><strong>Form \u2192 Weld (with suitable austenitic procedures) \u2192 Light straighten if needed \u2192 Finish machine \/ grind.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>6. Design Recommendations for Cold-Worked XM-19 Components<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Assume <strong>high forming forces<\/strong> and size presses\/rolls accordingly.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Avoid:<\/p><ul><li><p>Very sharp corners or extremely tight radii in highly stressed \/ corrosive regions.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Severe local thinning (necking) where fatigue or corrosion is critical.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>For demanding marine or process-service parts:<\/p><ul><li><p>Keep cold strain <strong>moderate and well distributed<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use solution annealing after extreme forming if top-level toughness and corrosion resistance are required.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>S20910 (XM-19) stainless steel has <strong>good cold formability but strong work hardening<\/strong>: it can be bent, rolled and formed effectively when you allow for higher forming loads, use generous radii, smooth tools and good lubrication, control strain levels and spring-back, and apply solution annealing after very heavy cold work where maximum toughness, corrosion resistance and dimensional stability are required for critical service.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2548\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"9\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2548\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Precipitation Hardening Steels <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2548\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5af11d6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5af11d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f93c1a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f93c1a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Precipitation Hardening Steels<\/strong><\/h2><p>Precipitation hardening (PH) steels are alloys that achieve <strong>very high strength and hardness<\/strong> through a two-step heat treatment: solution treatment followed by aging. Fine, controlled precipitates form in a relatively tough matrix (often martensitic or austenitic), giving much higher strength than conventional quenched-and-tempered steels at similar or better levels of toughness and corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr \/><h3><strong>1. Basic Principle and Strengthening Mechanism<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Steels are first <strong>solution treated<\/strong> at high temperature to dissolve alloying elements and create a uniform microstructure.<\/p><\/li><li><p>After cooling, they are <strong>aged at a moderate temperature<\/strong>, where:<\/p><ul><li><p>Fine, nanoscale precipitates (Cu-rich, Ni-Al, Ni-Ti, etc.) form.<\/p><\/li><li><p>These particles <strong>block dislocation motion<\/strong>, greatly increasing yield strength and hardness.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>The matrix (often martensitic or austenitic) provides:<\/p><ul><li><p>Reasonable <strong>toughness and ductility<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>A base level of <strong>corrosion resistance<\/strong>, especially in stainless PH grades<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>2. Main Groups of Precipitation Hardening Steels<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Martensitic PH Stainless Steels<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Examples: <strong>17-4PH (630)<\/strong>, <strong>15-5PH<\/strong>, <strong>13-8PH<\/strong>, <strong>15-7PH<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>High Cr for stainless behaviour, Cu and other elements for precipitation hardening.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Used widely in <strong>aerospace, energy, marine, pump\/valve and structural components<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Semi-Austenitic and Austenitic PH Stainless Steels<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Some grades are austenitic as-supplied and transform\/age during heat treatment.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Offer good toughness and corrosion resistance with medium\u2013high strength.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Maraging and High-Alloy PH Steels (Non-Stainless)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Very low carbon, Ni-rich or Co-rich alloys strengthened by intermetallic precipitates.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Ultra-high strength with good toughness, used in <strong>tooling, aerospace and specialty mechanical parts<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>3. Typical Heat-Treatment Route<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Solution Treatment (Condition A \/ Solution Annealed)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>High-temperature treatment dissolves alloying elements and sets the base microstructure.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Followed by air cooling or quenching depending on the grade.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p><strong>Aging (H-Conditions, e.g. H900, H1025, H1150)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Reheat to a <strong>moderate temperature<\/strong> for a set time, then cool.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Lower aging temperature \u2192 <strong>higher strength, higher hardness, lower toughness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Higher aging temperature \u2192 <strong>lower strength, higher toughness, better stress-corrosion performance<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>4. Advantages Over Conventional Quenched-and-Tempered Steels<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p><strong>Very high strength<\/strong> with a relatively simple heat-treatment cycle.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Good dimensional stability<\/strong> during aging (little distortion compared with quenching).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Stainless PH grades combine:<\/p><ul><li><p>High mechanical strength<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>Stainless corrosion resistance<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Reduced need for coatings or heavy corrosion protection systems.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Aging temperature can be chosen to <strong>tailor properties<\/strong> for different components (e.g. H900 vs H1150).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>5. Key Limitations and Design Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul><li><p>Strength and toughness are <strong>sensitive to the exact aging condition<\/strong>; wrong temperature or time can:<\/p><ul><li><p>Undershoot strength<\/p><\/li><li><p>Over-age and reduce toughness\/corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><p>Some PH steels are <strong>not as corrosion-resistant<\/strong> as fully austenitic stainless grades (e.g. 316) in the most aggressive environments.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Welds usually need:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>Qualified procedures<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p>Attention to heat input and possible re-aging after welding for best properties.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr \/><h3><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p>Precipitation hardening steels are a family of alloys\u2014especially martensitic PH stainless steels like <strong>17-4PH<\/strong> and <strong>15-5PH<\/strong>\u2014that achieve <strong>high to ultra-high strength<\/strong> through solution treatment plus aging, using fine precipitates to strengthen a relatively tough matrix; by selecting suitable aging conditions, engineers can tune the balance of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance to meet demanding aerospace, marine, energy and mechanical application requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic S20910 (XM-19) Bar &amp; Sheet A highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel with good mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. XM-19 is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel that is available in an annealed or high strength condition. XM-19 can be used in a wide variety of industries including chemical, marine, nuclear, food processing, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3923,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-performance-stainless-steels"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3921"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3921\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}