{"id":2477,"date":"2025-11-11T09:10:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T09:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=2477"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:32:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:32:10","slug":"317l-stainless-steel-s31703-sheet-plate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317l-stainless-steel-s31703-sheet-plate\/","title":{"rendered":"317L Stainless Steel (S31703) Sheet &#038; Plate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2477\" class=\"elementor elementor-2477\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a51f3ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a51f3ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7494d5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7494d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac3ccd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac3ccd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675dcad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"675dcad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317L Stainless Steel (S31703) Sheet &amp; Plate\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfcab00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cfcab00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A lowcarbon, high molybdenum austenitic stainless steel with a higher nickel alloy content than 316L.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665a8f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"665a8f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alloy 317L (UNS S31703) is a low carbon corrosion resistant austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel. The high levels of these elements assure the alloy has superior chloride pitting and general corrosion resistance to the conventional <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304l-stainless-steel-s30403\/\">304L<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/s31600-316-stainless-steel\/\">316<\/a>\/316L grades. The alloy provides improved resistance relative to 316L in strongly corrosive environments containing sulfurous media, chlorides, and other halides.<\/p><p>It can be used in applications where it is not possible to anneal after welding and where maximum corrosion resistance is required. It provides good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 1600 \u00b0 F and in continuous service to 1700 \u00b0 F.<\/p><p>This alloy combines excellent corrosion resistance with good <strong data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"605\">mechanical properties<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"622\">weldability<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"643\">formability<\/strong>, making it ideal for applications in <strong data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"731\">chemical, petrochemical, and marine industries<\/strong>, as well as <strong data-start=\"744\" data-end=\"792\">food processing and pharmaceutical equipment<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebf2988 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ebf2988\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d7adf elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"75d7adf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e55ef elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"e1e55ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-662a41e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"662a41e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee131f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ee131f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317L Stainless Steel Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0016dfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"0016dfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-199\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"13\"\n           data-wpID=\"199\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        System \/ Standard                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Country \/ Region                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade \/ Designation                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AISI                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317L                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UNS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        International                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S31703                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN \/ W.Nr.                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.4438                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN Name                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        X2CrNiMo18-15-4                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A240                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317L (plate, sheet, strip)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A276                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317L (bars, shapes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A213                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317L (boiler \/ HX tubes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A312                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317L (seamless pipe)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GB                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        China                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        022Cr19Ni13Mo3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        JIS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Japan                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SUS317L                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        BS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UK                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317S12                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AFNOR                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        France                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Z2CND19-15-04         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.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a59788 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6a59788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c547fbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c547fbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-778e59b elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"778e59b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1250\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1250\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1250\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6cbba2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6cbba2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81fbb4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"81fbb4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-62\">S31703 Sheet and Plate<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-62\">ASTM A240<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-62\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"62\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Carbon (C)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        18.00 - 20.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        11.00 - 15.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 2.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phosphorous (P)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sulphur (S)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Silicon (Si)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.75                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Molybdenum (Mo)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.00 - 4.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.10                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-62'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1251\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1251\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1251\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8046994 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8046994\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d97641b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d97641b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-63\">Sheet and Plate<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-63\">ASTM A240<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-63\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"63\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        205 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        515 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        40 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-63'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b0d058 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5b0d058\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64eca06 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"64eca06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20b9a23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20b9a23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9854259 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9854259\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"150\"><strong data-start=\"110\" data-end=\"150\">Applications of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"485\"><strong data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"176\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"240\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"280\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong>, particularly in aggressive chemical and chloride-containing environments. Its combination of durability, weldability, and resistance to chemical attack makes it suitable for a wide range of applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"490\" \/><h4 data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"539\"><strong data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"539\">1. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"733\"><li data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"596\"><p data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"596\">Reactors, tanks, and vessels for corrosive chemicals<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"631\"><p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"631\">Heat exchangers and condensers<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"679\"><p data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"679\">Piping systems handling acids and chlorides<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"733\"><p data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"733\">Valves, fittings, and pumps in chemical processes<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"738\" \/><h4 data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"784\"><strong data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"784\">2. Marine and Seawater Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"914\"><li data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"837\"><p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"837\">Components exposed to seawater or brackish water<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"880\"><p data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"880\">Marine piping and structural equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"914\"><p data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"914\">Desalination plant components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"919\" \/><h4 data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"965\"><strong data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"965\">3. Food and Pharmaceutical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1141\"><li data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1033\"><p data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"1033\">Processing equipment requiring corrosion resistance and hygiene<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1093\"><p data-start=\"1036\" data-end=\"1093\">Storage tanks and piping for acidic or aggressive media<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1141\"><p data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1141\">Heat exchangers, evaporators, and agitators<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1143\" data-end=\"1146\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1198\"><strong data-start=\"1153\" data-end=\"1198\">4. Industrial and Mechanical Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1370\"><li data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1257\"><p data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1257\">Fasteners, bolts, and screws in corrosive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1258\" data-end=\"1309\"><p data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1309\">Structural components in aggressive atmospheres<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1370\"><p data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1370\">Components exposed to high humidity or saline conditions<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1375\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1392\"><strong data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1392\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1727\">317L stainless steel is widely used in <strong data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1497\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong> where superior corrosion resistance, especially to <strong data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1582\">chlorides and oxidizing acids<\/strong>, is essential. Its <strong data-start=\"1602\" data-end=\"1624\">low-carbon content<\/strong> ensures excellent <strong data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1658\">weldability<\/strong>, making it ideal for fabricated components and complex assemblies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b294d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43b294d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ea1279 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0ea1279\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6ee841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6ee841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"109\" data-end=\"156\"><strong data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"156\">Characteristics of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"158\" data-end=\"454\"><strong data-start=\"158\" data-end=\"182\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"188\" data-end=\"246\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> designed for <strong data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"293\">superior corrosion resistance<\/strong> and excellent performance in aggressive environments. It is widely used in industries requiring durability, chemical resistance, and good mechanical properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"459\" \/><h4 data-start=\"461\" data-end=\"502\"><strong data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"502\">1. Superior Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"735\"><li data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"659\"><p data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"659\">High <strong data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"532\">molybdenum content<\/strong> enhances resistance to <strong data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"607\">pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack<\/strong>, particularly in chloride or acidic environments.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"660\" data-end=\"735\"><p data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"735\">Performs better than 316L in <strong data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"734\">oxidizing and aggressive chemical media<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"740\" \/><h4 data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"774\"><strong data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"774\">2. Austenitic Structure<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"920\"><li data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"840\"><p data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"840\">Provides <strong data-start=\"786\" data-end=\"837\">excellent ductility, toughness, and formability<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"920\"><p data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"920\">Maintains good mechanical properties at <strong data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"917\">both high and low temperatures<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"922\" data-end=\"925\" \/><h4 data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"957\"><strong data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"957\">3. Low Carbon Content<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1097\"><li data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1017\"><p data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1017\">Minimizes the risk of <strong data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"999\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1097\"><p data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1097\">Ensures resistance to <strong data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1069\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong> even after heat exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1102\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1143\"><strong data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1143\">4. Weldability and Fabrication<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1292\"><li data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1224\"><p data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1224\">Excellent <strong data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1171\">weldability<\/strong> using standard methods such as TIG, MIG, and SMAW.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1225\" data-end=\"1292\"><p data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1292\">Can be easily formed into sheets, pipes, or complex components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1294\" data-end=\"1297\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1299\" data-end=\"1332\"><strong data-start=\"1304\" data-end=\"1332\">5. Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1467\"><li data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1391\"><p data-start=\"1335\" data-end=\"1391\">Good tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1467\"><p data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1467\">Maintains <strong data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1428\">structural integrity<\/strong> under both static and dynamic loads.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1472\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1489\"><strong data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1489\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1836\">317L stainless steel is characterized by <strong data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1637\">high corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, good formability, and reliable mechanical properties<\/strong>. Its <strong data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1685\">low carbon and high molybdenum content<\/strong> make it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1769\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>, especially where resistance to chlorides and acids is critical.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563ba4a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"563ba4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e41419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e41419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional Information\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-288e288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"288e288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4250\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4250\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4250\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce9f45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cce9f45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30eee3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30eee3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"135\">Fabrication of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"398\"><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"161\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"225\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. It can be fabricated using standard industrial techniques including <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"397\">forming, welding, and machining<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"400\" data-end=\"403\" \/><h3 data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"423\"><strong data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"423\">1. Forming<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"648\"><p data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"445\"><strong data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"443\">Cold Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"648\"><li data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"550\"><p data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"550\">317L exhibits good ductility, making it suitable for bending, deep drawing, rolling, and stamping.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"648\"><p data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"648\">Work hardening occurs, so intermediate <strong data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"607\">annealing<\/strong> may be required for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"670\"><strong data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"668\">Hot Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"759\"><p data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"759\">Performed at elevated temperatures to reduce work hardening and improve ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"822\">Typical hot working range: <strong data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"819\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\" \/><h3 data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"847\">2. Welding<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1135\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"917\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"917\">Excellent weldability using <strong data-start=\"878\" data-end=\"906\">TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW<\/strong> methods.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"1017\"><p data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"1017\">Low carbon content minimizes <strong data-start=\"949\" data-end=\"966\">sensitization<\/strong> and reduces risk of <strong data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1014\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1135\"><p data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1135\">Filler metals such as <strong data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1052\">ER317L<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1066\">ER316L<\/strong> are commonly used to ensure corrosion resistance in welded joints.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1140\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1162\"><strong data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1162\">3. Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1375\"><li data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1222\"><p data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1222\">Moderate machinability due to the austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1293\"><p data-start=\"1225\" data-end=\"1293\">Work hardens easily; sharp tools and rigid setups are recommended.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1294\" data-end=\"1375\"><p data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1375\">Carbide tools and proper cutting fluids improve tool life and surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1377\" data-end=\"1380\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1420\"><strong data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1420\">4. Post-Fabrication Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1639\"><li data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1506\"><p data-start=\"1423\" data-end=\"1506\"><strong data-start=\"1423\" data-end=\"1437\">Annealing:<\/strong> Restores ductility and relieves stresses after heavy cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1639\"><p data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1639\"><strong data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1538\">Pickling and Passivation:<\/strong> Recommended to remove scale and restore optimal corrosion resistance after welding or hot forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1644\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1692\"><strong data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1692\">5. Applications Related to Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1875\"><li data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1744\"><p data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1744\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1786\"><p data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1786\">Marine components and seawater piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"1835\"><p data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1835\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1875\"><p data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1875\">Heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1880\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1882\" data-end=\"1897\"><strong data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1897\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"2173\">317L stainless steel is <strong data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"1943\">highly fabricable<\/strong>, supporting cold and hot forming, welding, and machining. Its <strong data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2028\">low carbon content<\/strong> ensures excellent weldability and corrosion resistance, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2105\" data-end=\"2170\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4251\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4251\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4251\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0931c7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0931c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e8aab1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e8aab1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"135\">Weldability of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"351\"><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"161\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"225\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"231\" data-end=\"256\">excellent weldability<\/strong>, making it suitable for fabricating corrosion-resistant components in aggressive environments.<\/p><hr data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"356\" \/><h3 data-start=\"358\" data-end=\"388\"><strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"388\">1. General Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"389\" data-end=\"662\"><li data-start=\"389\" data-end=\"578\"><p data-start=\"391\" data-end=\"452\">Can be welded using all standard fusion welding techniques:<\/p><ul data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"578\"><li data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"473\"><p data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"471\">TIG (GTAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"494\"><p data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"494\"><strong data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"492\">MIG (GMAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"538\"><p data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"538\"><strong data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"536\">SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"578\"><p data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"578\"><strong data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"576\">FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"662\"><p data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"662\">Welds maintain good <strong data-start=\"601\" data-end=\"661\">toughness, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"667\" \/><h3 data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"700\"><strong data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"700\">2. Low Carbon Advantage<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"955\"><li data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"812\"><p data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"812\">The low carbon content minimizes <strong data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"753\">sensitization<\/strong>, preventing <strong data-start=\"766\" data-end=\"793\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong> in welded zones.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"955\"><p data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"955\">Unlike higher carbon stainless steels, 317L does not require special post-weld heat treatment for corrosion resistance in most applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"960\" \/><h3 data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1001\"><strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1001\">3. Filler Metal Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1259\"><li data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1157\"><p data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1037\">Suitable filler metals include:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1157\"><li data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1105\"><p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1105\"><strong data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1052\">ER317L<\/strong> (matching high-molybdenum, low-carbon composition)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1157\"><p data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1157\"><strong data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1120\">ER316L<\/strong> (for less aggressive environments)<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1259\"><p data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1259\">Filler selection ensures consistent <strong data-start=\"1196\" data-end=\"1246\">corrosion resistance and mechanical properties<\/strong> in the weld.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1261\" data-end=\"1264\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1303\"><strong data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1303\">4. Heat Input and Preparation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1304\" data-end=\"1508\"><li data-start=\"1304\" data-end=\"1375\"><p data-start=\"1306\" data-end=\"1375\">Moderate heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1464\"><p data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1464\">Clean joint surfaces free of oil, grease, or oxide scale ensure better weld quality.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1465\" data-end=\"1508\"><p data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1508\">Preheating is typically <strong data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1507\">not required<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1513\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1550\"><strong data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1550\">5. Post-Weld Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1551\" data-end=\"1784\"><li data-start=\"1551\" data-end=\"1688\"><p data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1688\">Post-weld annealing is generally <strong data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1601\">unnecessary<\/strong> unless the component is heavily stressed or exposed to very aggressive environments.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1784\"><p data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1784\"><strong data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1718\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> is recommended to restore the chromium oxide layer after welding.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1789\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1837\"><strong data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1837\">6. Applications Related to Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"2011\"><li data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1878\"><p data-start=\"1840\" data-end=\"1878\">Chemical and petrochemical equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1879\" data-end=\"1922\"><p data-start=\"1881\" data-end=\"1922\">Marine piping and structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"1971\"><p data-start=\"1925\" data-end=\"1971\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1972\" data-end=\"2011\"><p data-start=\"1974\" data-end=\"2011\">Heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2013\" data-end=\"2016\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2033\"><strong data-start=\"2022\" data-end=\"2033\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2034\" data-end=\"2338\">317L stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2089\">excellent weldability<\/strong> due to its low carbon content and austenitic structure. Proper filler selection and controlled welding techniques produce strong, corrosion-resistant joints, making 317L ideal for <strong data-start=\"2270\" data-end=\"2335\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4252\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4252\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4252\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62acb9b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"62acb9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f4dd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2f4dd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"139\"><strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"139\">Machinability of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"386\"><strong data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"165\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"229\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>. It offers <strong data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"267\">moderate machinability<\/strong>, similar to other austenitic stainless steels, but certain characteristics require careful attention during machining.<\/p><hr data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"391\" \/><h3 data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"418\"><strong data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"418\">1. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"669\"><li data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"516\"><p data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"516\">317L has a high tendency to <strong data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"464\">work harden<\/strong>, especially during light cuts or repeated passes.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"669\"><p data-start=\"519\" data-end=\"546\">To reduce work hardening:<\/p><ul data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"669\"><li data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"581\"><p data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"581\">Use <strong data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"579\">sharp, rigid tooling<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"621\"><p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"621\">Avoid shallow or interrupted cuts<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"669\"><p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"669\">Employ <strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"669\">adequate lubrication and coolant<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"671\" data-end=\"674\" \/><h3 data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"710\"><strong data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"710\">2. Tooling Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"930\"><li data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"788\"><p data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"788\"><strong data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"730\">Carbide tools<\/strong> are preferred for efficient cutting and long tool life.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"861\"><p data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"861\">High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used for lower-speed operations.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"930\"><p data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"930\">Rigid fixturing minimizes vibration and improves surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"935\" \/><h3 data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"966\"><strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"966\">3. Cutting Conditions<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1170\"><li data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1032\"><p data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1032\">Use <strong data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1007\">moderate to low cutting speeds<\/strong> to avoid heat buildup.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1104\"><p data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1104\">Maintain <strong data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1078\">adequate feed and depth of cut<\/strong> to reduce tool rubbing.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1170\"><p data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1170\">Continuous coolant flow improves tool life and chip evacuation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1175\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1202\"><strong data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1202\">4. Chip Formation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1354\"><li data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1272\"><p data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1272\">Produces <strong data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1237\">long, ductile chips<\/strong> due to its austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1354\"><p data-start=\"1275\" data-end=\"1354\">Use chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques to manage chips effectively.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1359\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1386\"><strong data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1386\">5. Surface Finish<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1387\" data-end=\"1530\"><li data-start=\"1387\" data-end=\"1438\"><p data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1438\">Achievable with proper tooling and lubrication.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1530\"><p data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1530\">Avoid overheating, which can degrade the surface layer and reduce corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1535\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1581\"><strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1581\">6. Applications Related to Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1793\"><li data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1650\"><p data-start=\"1584\" data-end=\"1650\">Precision components in <strong data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1648\">chemical and petrochemical equipment<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1713\"><p data-start=\"1653\" data-end=\"1713\">Fittings, valves, and fasteners in aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1793\"><p data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1793\">Piping, tanks, and industrial machinery requiring corrosion-resistant parts<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1798\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1800\" data-end=\"1815\"><strong data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1815\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"2154\">317L stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1846\" data-end=\"1872\">moderate machinability<\/strong> with a high work-hardening tendency. Proper tooling, cutting speeds, and coolant use are essential for effective machining. Its machinability combined with <strong data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2063\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2086\" data-end=\"2151\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4253\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4253\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4253\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e09e3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20e09e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9c2453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9c2453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"153\"><strong data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"153\">Corrosion Resistance of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"476\"><strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"179\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"185\" data-end=\"243\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that provides <strong data-start=\"258\" data-end=\"292\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong> in aggressive environments, particularly where chlorides or oxidizing acids are present. Its corrosion resistance is superior to that of 316L due to the <strong data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"475\">higher molybdenum content<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"481\" \/><h3 data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"522\">1. General Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"758\"><li data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"587\"><p data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"587\">Resists <strong data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"546\">oxidation<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"584\">general atmospheric corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"689\"><p data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"689\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"641\">moderate chemical environments<\/strong>, including mild acids and alkaline solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"758\"><p data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"758\">Suitable for outdoor applications and <strong data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"757\">industrial environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"763\" \/><h3 data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"805\"><strong data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"805\">2. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"1067\"><li data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"891\"><p data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"891\">High molybdenum content improves resistance to <strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"888\">pitting and crevice corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"996\"><p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"996\">Particularly effective in <strong data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"956\">chloride-containing environments<\/strong>, such as seawater or brine solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1067\"><p data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1067\">Outperforms 316L in <strong data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1066\">marine and chemical processing applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1072\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1074\" data-end=\"1119\"><strong data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1119\">3. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1270\"><li data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1186\"><p data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1186\">Low carbon content minimizes <strong data-start=\"1151\" data-end=\"1168\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1187\" data-end=\"1270\"><p data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1270\">Maintains resistance to <strong data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1246\">intergranular corrosion (IGC)<\/strong> in welded components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1275\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1317\"><strong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1317\">4. Resistance to Chemical Attack<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1581\"><li data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1379\"><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1379\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1356\">oxidizing acids<\/strong> such as nitric acid.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1380\" data-end=\"1489\"><p data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1489\">Provides moderate resistance to <strong data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1432\">reducing acids<\/strong> (e.g., hydrochloric acid) under controlled conditions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1581\"><p data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1581\">Excellent choice for <strong data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1553\">chemical reactors, tanks, and piping<\/strong> handling aggressive fluids.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1586\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1610\"><strong data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"1610\">5. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1828\"><li data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1828\"><p data-start=\"1613\" data-end=\"1682\">Like other austenitic stainless steels, 317L can be susceptible to:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1828\"><li data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1750\"><p data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1750\"><strong data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1722\">Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)<\/strong> in hot chloride solutions<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1828\"><p data-start=\"1755\" data-end=\"1828\"><strong data-start=\"1755\" data-end=\"1775\">Localized attack<\/strong> in highly acidic or strongly reducing environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1830\" data-end=\"1833\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1890\"><strong data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1890\">6. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1891\" data-end=\"2070\"><li data-start=\"1891\" data-end=\"1931\"><p data-start=\"1893\" data-end=\"1931\">Chemical and petrochemical equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"1974\"><p data-start=\"1934\" data-end=\"1974\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2023\"><p data-start=\"1977\" data-end=\"2023\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2070\"><p data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2070\">Heat exchangers, piping, and storage tanks<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2075\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2092\"><strong data-start=\"2081\" data-end=\"2092\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2093\" data-end=\"2453\">317L stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2123\" data-end=\"2165\">excellent overall corrosion resistance<\/strong>, with superior performance in <strong data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2240\">chloride-rich and oxidizing environments<\/strong> due to its high molybdenum content and low carbon. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2311\" data-end=\"2365\">corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability<\/strong> makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2450\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4254\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4254\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4254\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-411f999 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"411f999\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01c709d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01c709d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"137\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"137\">Cold Working of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"435\"><strong data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"163\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"227\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that exhibits <strong data-start=\"242\" data-end=\"276\">good ductility and formability<\/strong>, making it suitable for a variety of cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through <strong data-start=\"379\" data-end=\"397\">work hardening<\/strong> while retaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"440\" \/><h3 data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"482\"><strong data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"482\">1. Common Cold Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"815\"><li data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"595\"><p data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"595\"><strong data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"509\">Bending and Forming:<\/strong> Can be shaped into complex geometries for tanks, piping, and structural components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"652\"><p data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"652\"><strong data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"610\">Rolling:<\/strong> Suitable for sheets, strips, and coils.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"731\"><p data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"731\"><strong data-start=\"655\" data-end=\"672\">Deep Drawing:<\/strong> Can produce containers, trays, and intricate components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"815\"><p data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"815\"><strong data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"760\">Stamping and Punching:<\/strong> Used in chemical, marine, and industrial applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"817\" data-end=\"820\" \/><h3 data-start=\"822\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"847\">2. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1107\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"940\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"940\">317L <strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"879\">work hardens rapidly<\/strong>, increasing tensile and yield strength during deformation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"989\"><p data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"989\">Excessive cold working can reduce ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1107\"><p data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1107\"><strong data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1018\">Intermediate annealing<\/strong> is recommended for extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve internal stresses.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1112\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1151\"><strong data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1151\">3. Fabrication Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1430\"><li data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1232\"><p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1232\">Use <strong data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1181\">gradual deformation<\/strong> to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1348\"><p data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1348\">Proper tooling, lubrication, and support are essential for maintaining surface finish and dimensional accuracy.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1430\"><p data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1430\">Cold-worked components may require <strong data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1403\">stress relief<\/strong> for critical applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1435\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1484\"><strong data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1484\">4. Applications Related to Cold Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1698\"><li data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1536\"><p data-start=\"1487\" data-end=\"1536\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1578\"><p data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1578\">Marine components exposed to seawater<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1579\" data-end=\"1627\"><p data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1627\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1698\"><p data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1698\">Tanks, piping, and structural parts requiring corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1703\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1720\"><strong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1720\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"2015\">317L stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1751\" data-end=\"1793\">excellent cold working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working enhances strength while maintaining <strong data-start=\"1899\" data-end=\"1923\">corrosion resistance<\/strong>, making 317L ideal for <strong data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"2012\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4255\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4255\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4255\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-929bfda e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"929bfda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7afa51d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7afa51d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"141\"><strong data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"141\">Heat Treatment of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"503\"><strong data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"167\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"231\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>. Its strength is primarily derived from its austenitic structure and work hardening, so it is <strong data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"383\">not hardenable by conventional heat treatment methods<\/strong>. Heat treatment is mainly used for <strong data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"472\">annealing, stress relief, and restoring ductility<\/strong> after cold working or welding.<\/p><hr data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"508\" \/><h3 data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"530\"><strong data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"530\">1. Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"800\"><li data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"644\"><p data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"644\">Purpose: Restore ductility, relieve stresses, and improve corrosion resistance after cold working or welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"700\"><p data-start=\"647\" data-end=\"700\"><strong data-start=\"647\" data-end=\"671\">Typical temperature:<\/strong> 1040\u20131120\u00b0C (1900\u20132050\u00b0F).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"800\"><strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"722\">Cooling method:<\/strong> Rapid cooling, typically in air or water, to maintain corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"805\" \/><h3 data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"831\"><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"831\">2. Stress Relief<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"1037\"><li data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"908\"><p data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"908\">Applied to reduce internal stresses from forming, welding, or machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"959\"><p data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"959\"><strong data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"933\">Temperature range:<\/strong> 450\u2013650\u00b0C (840\u20131200\u00b0F).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1037\"><p data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1037\">Ensures dimensional stability and reduces risk of distortion or cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1042\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1080\"><strong data-start=\"1048\" data-end=\"1080\">3. Effects of Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1081\" data-end=\"1300\"><li data-start=\"1081\" data-end=\"1147\"><p data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1147\">Restores ductility and toughness in heavily cold-worked areas.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1209\"><p data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1209\">Eliminates residual stresses from welding or fabrication.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1300\"><p data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1300\">Does <strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1256\">not significantly increase strength<\/strong>, as 317L is not precipitation-hardenable.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1305\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1350\"><strong data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1350\">4. Post-Treatment Surface Finishing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1517\"><li data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1517\"><p data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1517\">Pickling or passivation may be applied after heat treatment to remove oxides and restore the protective chromium oxide layer for <strong data-start=\"1482\" data-end=\"1514\">optimal corrosion resistance<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1522\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1573\"><strong data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1573\">5. Applications Related to Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1768\"><li data-start=\"1574\" data-end=\"1634\"><p data-start=\"1576\" data-end=\"1634\">Welded piping, tanks, and vessels in chemical processing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1635\" data-end=\"1699\"><p data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1699\">Heat exchangers and reactors requiring dimensional stability<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1768\"><p data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1768\">Marine and pharmaceutical equipment exposed to high temperatures<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1773\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1775\" data-end=\"1790\"><strong data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1790\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"2105\">Heat treatment of 317L stainless steel is used primarily for <strong data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1883\">annealing and stress relief<\/strong>, maintaining <strong data-start=\"1897\" data-end=\"1959\">ductility, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability<\/strong>. It ensures reliable performance in <strong data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2061\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>, especially after fabrication or welding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4256\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4256\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4256\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3855a5a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3855a5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3de47af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3de47af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"143\"><strong data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"143\">Heat Resistance of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"145\" data-end=\"447\"><strong data-start=\"145\" data-end=\"169\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"233\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with good resistance to <strong data-start=\"258\" data-end=\"308\">oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures<\/strong>. Its chemical composition allows it to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity in moderately high-temperature applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"452\" \/><h3 data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"495\"><strong data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"495\">1. Continuous Service Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"686\"><li data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"596\"><p data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"596\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"568\">continuous service up to approximately 870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"686\"><p data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"686\">Maintains mechanical strength and corrosion resistance under sustained heat exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"691\" \/><h3 data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"725\"><strong data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"725\">2. Intermittent Exposure<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"938\"><li data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"847\"><p data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"847\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"803\">short-term or intermittent exposures up to 925\u00b0C (1700\u00b0F)<\/strong> without significant scaling or oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"938\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"938\">Suitable for components exposed to <strong data-start=\"885\" data-end=\"904\">thermal cycling<\/strong> or fluctuating high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"940\" data-end=\"943\" \/><h3 data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"976\"><strong data-start=\"949\" data-end=\"976\">3. Oxidation Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1167\"><li data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1065\"><p data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1065\">Forms a stable <strong data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1018\">chromium oxide layer<\/strong> that protects against scaling and oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1167\"><p data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1167\">High molybdenum content enhances resistance to localized attack during high-temperature exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1172\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1196\"><strong data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1196\">4. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1197\" data-end=\"1391\"><li data-start=\"1197\" data-end=\"1285\"><p data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1285\">Not suitable for prolonged service at extremely high temperatures (&gt;925\u00b0C \/ 1700\u00b0F).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1391\"><p data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1391\">May be susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1350\">crevice or stress corrosion cracking<\/strong> in hot chloride-containing environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1396\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1448\"><strong data-start=\"1402\" data-end=\"1448\">5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1729\"><li data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1542\"><p data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1542\">Heat exchangers, boilers, and furnace components in chemical and petrochemical industries<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1580\"><p data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1580\">High-temperature piping and tanks<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1634\"><p data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1634\">Marine equipment exposed to elevated temperatures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1635\" data-end=\"1729\"><p data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1729\">Industrial equipment requiring moderate heat resistance combined with corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1734\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1751\"><strong data-start=\"1740\" data-end=\"1751\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"2122\">317L stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1806\">good heat resistance<\/strong> for continuous service up to <strong data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1845\">870\u00b0C<\/strong> and intermittent exposure up to <strong data-start=\"1878\" data-end=\"1887\">925\u00b0C<\/strong>, while maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2031\">heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2054\" data-end=\"2119\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4257\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4257\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4257\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-553d22a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"553d22a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e112511 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e112511\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"135\">Hot Working of 317L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"390\"><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"161\">317L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"225\">low-carbon, high-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with good <strong data-start=\"236\" data-end=\"255\">hot workability<\/strong>. Hot working allows shaping and forming at elevated temperatures while minimizing work hardening and maintaining mechanical integrity.<\/p><hr data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"395\" \/><h3 data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"431\"><strong data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"431\">1. Hot Working Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"600\"><li data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"496\"><p data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"496\">Recommended hot working range: <strong data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"493\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"600\"><p data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"600\">Proper temperature control prevents <strong data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"551\">grain growth<\/strong> and preserves corrosion resistance and strength.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"605\" \/><h3 data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"639\"><strong data-start=\"611\" data-end=\"639\">2. Hot Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"971\"><li data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"720\"><p data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"720\"><strong data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"658\">Hot Rolling:<\/strong> Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"723\" data-end=\"800\"><strong data-start=\"723\" data-end=\"735\">Forging:<\/strong> Suitable for structural components and high-temperature parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"868\"><p data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"868\"><strong data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"817\">Extrusion:<\/strong> Enables production of rods, tubes, and profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"971\"><p data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"971\"><strong data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"900\">Hot Pressing and Forming:<\/strong> Useful for shaping complex geometries with minimal risk of cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"976\" \/><h3 data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"1014\"><strong data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"1014\">3. Advantages of Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1207\"><li data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1071\"><p data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1071\">Reduces <strong data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1043\">work hardening<\/strong> compared to cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1139\"><p data-start=\"1074\" data-end=\"1139\">Improves <strong data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1110\">ductility and toughness<\/strong> in the finished component.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1207\"><p data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1207\">Facilitates the production of <strong data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1206\">large, thick, or complex parts<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1209\" data-end=\"1212\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1252\"><strong data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1252\">4. Post-Hot Working Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1446\"><li data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1357\"><p data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1357\"><strong data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1268\">Annealing<\/strong> may be applied to restore uniform mechanical properties and relieve residual stresses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1358\" data-end=\"1446\"><p data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1446\"><strong data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1387\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> improves surface corrosion resistance after hot working.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1451\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1499\"><strong data-start=\"1457\" data-end=\"1499\">5. Applications Related to Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1728\"><li data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1568\"><p data-start=\"1502\" data-end=\"1568\">Heat exchangers, furnace components, and high-temperature piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1643\"><p data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1643\">Structural components for petrochemical and power generation equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1644\" data-end=\"1728\"><p data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1728\">Industrial parts requiring high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1733\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1735\" data-end=\"1750\"><strong data-start=\"1739\" data-end=\"1750\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1751\" data-end=\"2082\">317L stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1822\">excellent hot working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and complex forming at <strong data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1899\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C<\/strong>. Hot working reduces work hardening, enhances ductility, and enables the production of parts for <strong data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2079\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial high-temperature applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic 317L Stainless Steel (S31703) Sheet &amp; Plate A lowcarbon, high molybdenum austenitic stainless steel with a higher nickel alloy content than 316L. Alloy 317L (UNS S31703) is a low carbon corrosion resistant austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel. The high levels of these elements assure the alloy has superior chloride pitting and general corrosion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-stainless-steel-alloys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2477\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}