{"id":5762,"date":"2025-12-12T14:36:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T06:36:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=5762"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:04:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:04:37","slug":"especificaciones-de-la-aleacion-de-aluminio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/es\/metals\/aluminium\/aluminium-alloy-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"Especificaciones de la aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Aluminium Alloy Specifications<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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There are over 300 wrought alloys with 50 in common use. They are normally identified by a four figure system which originated in the USA and is now universally accepted. The section below describes the system for wrought alloys. Cast alloys have similar designations and use a five digit system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Designations for Wrought Aluminium Alloys<\/span><\/h2>

Aluminium is most commonly alloyed with copper, zinc, magnesium, silicon, manganese and lithium. Small additions of chromium, titanium, zirconium, lead, bismuth and nickel are also made and iron is invariably present in small quantities.<\/p>

There are over 300 wrought alloys with 50 in common use. They are normally identified by a four figure system which originated in the USA and is now universally accepted. Table 1 describes the system for wrought alloys. Cast alloys have similar designations and use a five digit system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element None (99%+ Aluminium) - 1XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Copper - 2XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Manganese - 3XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Silicon - 4XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Magnesium - 5XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Magnesium + Silicon - 6XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Zinc - 7XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlloying Element Lithium\/Other - 8XXX<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    For unalloyed wrought aluminium alloys designated 1XXX, the last two digits represent the purity of the metal. They are the equivalent to the last two digits after the decimal point when aluminium purity is expressed to the nearest 0.01 percent. The second digit indicates modifications in impurity limits. If the second digit is zero, it indicates unalloyed aluminium having natural impurity limits and 1 through 9, indicate individual impurities or alloying elements.For the 2XXX to 8XXX groups, the last two digits identify different aluminium alloys in the group. The second digit indicates alloy modifications. A second digit of zero indicates the original alloy and integers 1 to 9 indicate consecutive alloy modifications.<\/p>

    The only exception to this is where a customer orders a grade of material for which the applicable Chinese, British, European or International material standard requires the level of one or more of these substances to exceed the limits specified in GB\/T 26572. In such cases, the material will contain a value of each such substance in line with the requirements of the relevant material standard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Physical Properties\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Density<\/span><\/h3>

    Aluminium has a density around one third that of steel or copper making it one of the lightest commercially available metals. The resultant high strength to weight ratio makes it an important structural material allowing increased payloads or fuel savings for transport industries in particular.<\/p>

    Strength<\/span><\/h3>

    Pure aluminium doesn\u2019t have a high tensile strength. However, the addition of alloying elements like manganese, silicon, copper and magnesium can increase the strength properties of aluminium and produce an alloy with properties tailored to particular applications. Aluminium is well suited to cold environments. It has the advantage over steel in that its\u2019 tensile strength increases with decreasing temperature while retaining its toughness. Steel on the other hand becomes brittle at low temperatures.<\/p>

    Corrosion Resistance<\/span><\/h3>

    When exposed to air, a layer of aluminium oxide forms almost instantaneously on the surface of aluminium. This layer has excellent resistance to corrosion. It is fairly resistant to most acids but less resistant to alkalis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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    Thermal Conductivity<\/span><\/h3>

    The thermal conductivity of aluminium is about three times greater than that of steel. This makes aluminium an important material for both cooling and heatingapplications such as heat-exchangers. Combined with it being non-toxic this property means aluminium is used extensively in cooking utensils and kitchenware.<\/p>

    Electrical Conductivity<\/span><\/h3>

    Along with copper, aluminium has an electrical conductivity high enough for use as an electrical conductor. Although the conductivity of the commonly used conducting alloy (1350) is only around 62% of annealed copper, it is only one third the weight and can therefore conduct twice as much electricity when compared with copper of the same weight.<\/p>

    Reflectivity<\/span><\/h3>

    From UV to infra-red, aluminium is an excellent reflector of radiant energy. Visible light reflectivity of around 80% means it is widely used in light fixtures. The same properties of reflectivity makes aluminium ideal as an insulating material to protect against the sun\u2019s rays in summer, while insulating against heat loss in winter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Typical Properties of Aluminium <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
    \n Property <\/td>\n \n Value <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Atomic Number <\/td>\n \n 13 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Atomic Weight (g\/mol) <\/td>\n \n 26.98 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Valency <\/td>\n \n 3 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Crystal Structure <\/td>\n \n FCC <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Melting Point (oC) <\/td>\n \n 660.2 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Boiling Point (oC) <\/td>\n \n 2480 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Mean Specific Heat (0-100oC) (cal\/g.oC) <\/td>\n \n 0.219 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Thermal Conductivity (0-100oC) (cal\/cms.oC) <\/td>\n \n 0.57 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Co-efficient of Linear Expansion (0-100oC) (x10-6\/oC) <\/td>\n \n 23.5 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Electrical Resistivity at 20oC \u03bc\u03a9.cm <\/td>\n \n 2.69 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Density (g\/cm3) <\/td>\n \n 2.6898 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) <\/td>\n \n 68.3 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
    \n Poissons Ratio <\/td>\n \n 0.34 <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n<\/div>