{"id":2484,"date":"2025-11-14T01:16:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T01:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:31:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:31:50","slug":"317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate\/","title":{"rendered":"317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &#038; Plate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2484\" class=\"elementor elementor-2484\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e442a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e442a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c379e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c379e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447c5ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"447c5ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430782f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"430782f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &amp; Plate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ee03c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ee03c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A modified version of Type 316 stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d6651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3d6651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Type 317 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance; Its high Molybdenum content enhances the grade&#8217;s superior pitting resistance. It was designed to be a higher strength alternative to the <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/s31600-316-stainless-steel\/\">316<\/a> grades.<\/p><p>Composed of larger amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, alloy 317 also is more corrosion resistant compared to 316, and tougher than Type <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a>. This is the due to the high percentage of iron in its composition, which is much higher than many stainless steels.<\/p><p>This combination of iron with the chromium-nickel-molybdenum content yields a strong alloy.<\/p><p>It combines <strong data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"540\">good mechanical properties, excellent weldability, and formability<\/strong>, making it ideal for applications in <strong data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"648\">chemical processing, marine environments, and industrial equipment<\/strong> where resistance to <strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"720\">pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack<\/strong> is essential.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8507829 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8507829\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86d0c5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"86d0c5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6092d4c elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6092d4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eadb341 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eadb341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7320e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d7320e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Range\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2491a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2491a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong> PLEASE NOTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>If you do not see what you are looking for, please contact your\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">local service centre<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>with your specific requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2da9774 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2da9774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317 Stainless Steel Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2611b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"2611b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-198\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"13\"\n           data-wpID=\"198\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        System \/ Standard                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Country \/ Region                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade \/ Designation                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AISI                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UNS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        International                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S31700                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN \/ W.Nr.                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.4449                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN Name (EN 10088)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        X5CrNiMo18-15-4                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A240                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317 (plate, sheet, strip)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A276                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317 (bars, shapes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A213                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317 (boiler \/ HX tubes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A312                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317 (seamless pipe)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GB                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        China                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0Cr19Ni13Mo3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        JIS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Japan                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SUS317                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        BS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UK                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317S16                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AFNOR                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        France                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Z10CND19-15-04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-198'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-FF1100 { background-color: #FF1100 !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0901ae4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0901ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0757c41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0757c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c12b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"95c12b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fcd095 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fcd095\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88fe60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a88fe60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-64\">S31700 Sheet and Plate<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-64\">ASTM A240<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-64\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"64\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Carbon (C)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.08                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        18.00 - 20.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        11.00 - 15.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 2.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phosphorous (P)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sulphur (S)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Silicon (Si)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.75                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Molybdenum (Mo)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.00 - 4.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.10                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-64'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed8935 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ed8935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa72967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"aa72967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-65\">ASTM A240<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-65\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"65\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        205 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        515 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        35 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-65'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7680943 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7680943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450c536 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450c536\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43f1002 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43f1002\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a29d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a29d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"136\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"136\">Applications of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"451\"><strong data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"161\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"198\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"231\">high molybdenum content<\/strong>, offering enhanced corrosion resistance, especially in <strong data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"337\">chemical, chloride, and oxidizing environments<\/strong>. It is widely used in applications that require durability, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"456\" \/><h4 data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"505\"><strong data-start=\"463\" data-end=\"505\">1. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"699\"><li data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"562\"><p data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"562\">Reactors, tanks, and vessels for corrosive chemicals<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"597\"><p data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"597\">Heat exchangers and condensers<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"645\"><p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"645\">Piping systems handling acids and chlorides<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"699\"><p data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"699\">Valves, pumps, and fittings in chemical processes<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"704\" \/><h4 data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"737\"><strong data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"737\">2. Marine Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"867\"><li data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"790\"><p data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"790\">Components exposed to seawater or brackish water<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"833\"><p data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"833\">Marine piping and structural equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"867\"><p data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"867\">Desalination plant components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"872\" \/><h4 data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"918\"><strong data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"918\">3. Food and Pharmaceutical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"1105\"><li data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"986\"><p data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"986\">Processing equipment requiring corrosion resistance and hygiene<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1057\"><p data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1057\">Storage tanks, piping, and reactors for acidic or aggressive media<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1105\"><p data-start=\"1060\" data-end=\"1105\">Heat exchangers, evaporators, and agitators<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1110\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1147\"><strong data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1147\">4. Industrial Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1329\"><li data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1207\"><p data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1207\">Fasteners, bolts, and screws in aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1268\"><p data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1268\">Structural components in chemical or industrial settings<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1329\"><p data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1329\">Components exposed to high humidity or saline conditions<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1334\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1351\"><strong data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1351\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1688\">317 stainless steel is widely used in <strong data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1455\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong> where superior corrosion resistance, especially to <strong data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1540\">chlorides and oxidizing acids<\/strong>, is essential. Its <strong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1613\">austenitic structure, weldability, and durability<\/strong> make it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1685\">critical components exposed to harsh environments<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ceed5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ceed5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a85455 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7a85455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c994460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c994460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"142\"><strong data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"142\">Characteristics of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"395\"><strong data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"167\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"204\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"243\">enhanced corrosion resistance<\/strong>, mainly due to its <strong data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"290\">high molybdenum content<\/strong>. It is widely used in environments that are more aggressive than those suitable for 316 stainless steel.<\/p><hr data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"400\" \/><h4 data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"443\"><strong data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"443\">1. Superior Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"670\"><li data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"583\"><p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"583\">High molybdenum content improves resistance to <strong data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"526\">pitting and crevice corrosion<\/strong>, particularly in <strong data-start=\"544\" data-end=\"580\">chloride-containing environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"670\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"622\">oxidizing acids<\/strong> and moderately aggressive chemical solutions.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"675\" \/><h4 data-start=\"677\" data-end=\"709\"><strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"709\">2. Austenitic Structure<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"850\"><li data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"775\"><p data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"775\">Provides <strong data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"772\">excellent ductility, toughness, and formability<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"850\"><p data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"850\">Maintains mechanical properties at <strong data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"847\">both high and low temperatures<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"855\" \/><h4 data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"890\"><strong data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"890\">3. Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"1035\"><li data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"949\"><p data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"949\">Good tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1035\"><p data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1035\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"985\">stress and load<\/strong> in industrial applications without deformation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1040\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1081\"><strong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1081\">4. Weldability and Fabrication<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1290\"><li data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1144\"><p data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1144\">Can be easily welded using <strong data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1133\">TIG, MIG, and SMAW<\/strong> methods.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1212\"><p data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1212\">Low risk of <strong data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1176\">sensitization<\/strong> due to controlled carbon content.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1290\"><p data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1290\">Suitable for forming into sheets, plates, piping, and complex components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1292\" data-end=\"1295\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1348\"><strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1348\">5. Applications Related to Characteristics<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1522\"><li data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1382\"><p data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1382\">Chemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1423\"><p data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1423\">Marine equipment exposed to seawater<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1424\" data-end=\"1472\"><p data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1472\">Pharmaceutical and food processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1522\"><p data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1522\">Heat exchangers, tanks, and industrial piping<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1527\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1544\"><strong data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1544\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1868\">317 stainless steel is characterized by <strong data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1689\">high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, excellent ductility, and reliable weldability<\/strong>. Its <strong data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1722\">high molybdenum content<\/strong> makes it particularly suitable for <strong data-start=\"1758\" data-end=\"1823\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong> where aggressive environments are present.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1744886 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1744886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45736a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45736a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional Information\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e43a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"9e43a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ef05e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3ef05e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1bdd17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1bdd17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Fabrication of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"462\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> known for its <strong data-start=\"227\" data-end=\"261\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong> and good mechanical properties. It can be fabricated using conventional techniques, including <strong data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"391\">forming, welding, and machining<\/strong>, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and marine applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"467\" \/><h3 data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"487\"><strong data-start=\"473\" data-end=\"487\">1. Forming<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"509\"><strong data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"507\">Cold Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"670\"><li data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"574\"><p data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"574\">Suitable for bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"670\">Work hardens moderately; <strong data-start=\"604\" data-end=\"630\">intermediate annealing<\/strong> is recommended for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"692\"><strong data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"690\">Hot Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"759\"><p data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"759\">Performed at elevated temperatures to reduce work hardening.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"822\">Typical hot working range: <strong data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"819\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\" \/><h3 data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"847\">2. Welding<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1143\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"922\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"922\">Can be welded using standard techniques: <strong data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"919\">TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"1039\"><p data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"1039\">Filler metals such as <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"966\">ER317 or ER317L<\/strong> are recommended for maintaining corrosion resistance in welded joints.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1143\"><p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1143\">Low risk of sensitization due to controlled carbon content, minimizing <strong data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1140\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1148\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1170\"><strong data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1170\">3. Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1402\"><li data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1229\"><p data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1229\">Moderate machinability; work hardens during machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1317\"><p data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1317\">Use <strong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1259\">sharp carbide tools<\/strong>, adequate feed, and proper coolant for optimal results.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1402\"><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1402\">Suitable for making piping, fittings, fasteners, and other precision components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1407\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1447\"><strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1447\">4. Post-Fabrication Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1678\"><li data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1547\"><p data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1547\"><strong data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1464\">Annealing:<\/strong> Restores ductility and relieves residual stresses after cold working or welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1678\"><p data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1678\"><strong data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1579\">Pickling and Passivation:<\/strong> Removes scale and restores the protective chromium oxide layer to optimize corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"1683\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1731\"><strong data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1731\">5. Applications Related to Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1934\"><li data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1783\"><p data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1783\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1826\"><p data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1826\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1875\"><p data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1875\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1934\"><p data-start=\"1878\" data-end=\"1934\">Tanks, piping systems, and industrial structural parts<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"1939\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1956\"><strong data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1956\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1957\" data-end=\"2225\">317 stainless steel is <strong data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"2001\">highly fabricable<\/strong>, supporting cold and hot forming, welding, and machining. Its <strong data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2138\">high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and weldability<\/strong> make it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2157\" data-end=\"2222\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7ad33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd7ad33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a0fe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46a0fe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Weldability of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"338\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"243\">excellent weldability<\/strong>, making it suitable for applications where corrosion-resistant welded components are required.<\/p><hr data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"343\" \/><h3 data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"375\"><strong data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"375\">1. General Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"672\"><li data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"580\"><p data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"454\">Can be welded using <strong data-start=\"398\" data-end=\"440\">all standard fusion welding techniques<\/strong>, including:<\/p><ul data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"580\"><li data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"475\"><p data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"475\"><strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"473\">TIG (GTAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"496\"><p data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"496\"><strong data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"494\">MIG (GMAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"540\"><p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"540\"><strong data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"538\">SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"580\"><p data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"580\"><strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"578\">FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"672\"><p data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"672\">Welded joints maintain <strong data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"671\">good corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and toughness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"677\" \/><h3 data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"708\"><strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"708\">2. Low Carbon Content<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"930\"><li data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"756\"><p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"756\">Minimizes <strong data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"738\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"837\"><p data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"837\">Reduces the risk of <strong data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"806\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong>, especially in welded zones.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"930\"><p data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"930\">Post-weld heat treatment is usually <strong data-start=\"876\" data-end=\"892\">not required<\/strong> for maintaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"935\" \/><h3 data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"976\"><strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"976\">3. Filler Metal Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1200\"><li data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1149\"><p data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1009\">Commonly used filler metals:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1149\"><li data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1099\"><p data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1099\"><strong data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1023\">ER317<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1037\">ER317L<\/strong> for matching corrosion resistance and mechanical properties<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1149\"><p data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1149\"><strong data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1114\">ER316L<\/strong> for less aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1200\"><p data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1200\">Ensures consistent performance of welded joints.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1205\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1244\"><strong data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1244\">4. Heat Input and Preparation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1435\"><li data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1316\"><p data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1316\">Moderate heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1317\" data-end=\"1390\"><p data-start=\"1319\" data-end=\"1390\">Ensure joint surfaces are clean, free of oil, grease, or oxide scale.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1435\"><p data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1435\">Preheating is generally <strong data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1434\">not necessary<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1440\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1477\"><strong data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1477\">5. Post-Weld Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1698\"><li data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1595\"><p data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1595\"><strong data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1507\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> can be applied to restore the chromium oxide layer and optimize corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1698\"><p data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1698\">Stress relief may be performed if the component is heavily stressed or exposed to high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1703\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1751\"><strong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1751\">6. Applications Related to Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1938\"><li data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1792\"><p data-start=\"1754\" data-end=\"1792\">Chemical processing tanks and piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1793\" data-end=\"1835\"><p data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1835\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1884\"><p data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1884\">Food and pharmaceutical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1938\"><p data-start=\"1887\" data-end=\"1938\">Heat exchangers, reactors, and industrial vessels<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1940\" data-end=\"1943\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1960\"><strong data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1960\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1961\" data-end=\"2272\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1990\" data-end=\"2015\">excellent weldability<\/strong> due to its austenitic structure and high molybdenum content. Proper filler selection and controlled welding techniques produce <strong data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2181\">strong, corrosion-resistant joints<\/strong>, making 317 ideal for <strong data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2269\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e279f63 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e279f63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d3c4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4d3c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"137\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"137\">Machinability of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"417\"><strong data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"162\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"216\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> that provides <strong data-start=\"231\" data-end=\"257\">moderate machinability<\/strong>, similar to other austenitic stainless steels. Its combination of corrosion resistance and work-hardening characteristics requires careful machining practices.<\/p><hr data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"422\" \/><h3 data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"449\"><strong data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"449\">1. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"708\"><li data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"549\"><p data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"549\">317 stainless steel <strong data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"496\">work hardens rapidly<\/strong>, especially during light cuts or interrupted cuts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"550\" data-end=\"708\"><p data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"581\">To minimize work hardening:<\/p><ul data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"708\"><li data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"614\"><p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"614\">Use <strong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"612\">sharp, rigid tools<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"658\"><p data-start=\"619\" data-end=\"658\">Avoid shallow cuts or repeated passes<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"708\"><p data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"708\">Employ adequate <strong data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"706\">lubrication and coolant<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"713\" \/><h3 data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"749\"><strong data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"749\">2. Tooling Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"978\"><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"829\"><p data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"829\"><strong data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"769\">Carbide tools<\/strong> are preferred for longer tool life and efficient cutting.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"899\"><p data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"899\">High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"978\"><p data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"978\">Ensure <strong data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"928\">rigid fixturing<\/strong> to reduce vibration and improve surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"983\" \/><h3 data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1014\"><strong data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1014\">3. Cutting Conditions<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1233\"><li data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1081\"><p data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1081\">Use <strong data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1055\">moderate to low cutting speeds<\/strong> to prevent overheating.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1156\"><p data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1156\">Maintain proper <strong data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1130\">feed rate and depth of cut<\/strong> to reduce tool rubbing.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1233\"><p data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1233\">Continuous coolant flow helps with <strong data-start=\"1194\" data-end=\"1213\">chip evacuation<\/strong> and tool cooling.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1238\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1265\"><strong data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1265\">4. Chip Formation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1423\"><li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1335\"><p data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1335\">Produces <strong data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1300\">long, ductile chips<\/strong> due to its austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1423\"><p data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1423\">Use <strong data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1392\">chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques<\/strong> to manage chips effectively.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1428\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1455\"><strong data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1455\">5. Surface Finish<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1597\"><li data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1503\"><p data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1503\">Achievable with proper tooling and coolant.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1597\"><p data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1597\">Overheating during machining can degrade surface quality and reduce corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1602\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1648\"><strong data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1648\">6. Applications Related to Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1850\"><li data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1717\"><p data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1717\">Precision components in <strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1715\">chemical and petrochemical equipment<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1781\"><p data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1781\">Fittings, valves, and fasteners for aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1850\"><p data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1850\">Piping, tanks, and machinery requiring corrosion-resistant parts<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1855\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1872\"><strong data-start=\"1861\" data-end=\"1872\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"2239\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1928\">moderate machinability<\/strong> with a high work-hardening tendency. Using proper tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication ensures efficient machining and excellent surface finish. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2148\">machinability and superior corrosion resistance<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2236\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d522c78 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d522c78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3b0d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"151\"><strong data-start=\"104\" data-end=\"151\">Corrosion Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"176\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"230\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> that provides <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"279\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong>, particularly in aggressive environments containing chlorides, oxidizing acids, or other chemical media. Its higher molybdenum content compared to 316 stainless steel enhances resistance to <strong data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"521\">pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"527\" \/><h3 data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"568\"><strong data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"568\">1. General Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"800\"><li data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"629\"><p data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"629\">Resists <strong data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"626\">oxidation and general atmospheric corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"744\"><p data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"744\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"696\">moderately aggressive chemical environments<\/strong>, including mild acids and alkaline solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"800\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"799\">industrial and outdoor applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"805\" \/><h3 data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"847\">2. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1110\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"923\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"923\">High molybdenum content improves resistance to <strong data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"920\">localized corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"924\" data-end=\"1022\"><p data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1022\">Particularly effective in <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"982\">chloride-rich environments<\/strong>, such as seawater or brine solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1110\"><p data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1110\">Outperforms 316 stainless steel in highly aggressive chemical or marine environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1115\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1162\"><strong data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1162\">3. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1341\"><li data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1241\"><p data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1241\">Low carbon content minimizes the risk of <strong data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1223\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1341\"><p data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1341\">Maintains resistance to <strong data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1301\">intergranular corrosion (IGC)<\/strong> in welded or heat-treated components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1346\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1388\"><strong data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1388\">4. Resistance to Chemical Attack<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1639\"><li data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1450\"><p data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1450\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1427\">oxidizing acids<\/strong> such as nitric acid.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1560\"><p data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1560\">Provides moderate resistance to <strong data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1503\">reducing acids<\/strong> (e.g., hydrochloric acid) under controlled conditions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1639\"><p data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1639\">Ideal for chemical reactors, tanks, and piping exposed to aggressive fluids.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1644\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1668\"><strong data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1668\">5. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1866\"><li data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1776\"><p data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1776\">Susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1721\">stress corrosion cracking (SCC)<\/strong> in hot chloride solutions under high tensile stress.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1866\"><p data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1866\">May experience <strong data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1814\">localized attack<\/strong> in strongly reducing or highly acidic environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1871\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1928\"><strong data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1928\">6. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2119\"><li data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"1980\"><p data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"1980\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"2023\"><p data-start=\"1983\" data-end=\"2023\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2072\"><p data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2072\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2119\"><p data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2119\">Heat exchangers, piping, and storage tanks<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2124\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2141\"><strong data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2141\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2142\" data-end=\"2475\">317 stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2213\">excellent overall corrosion resistance<\/strong>, especially in <strong data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2273\">chloride-rich and oxidizing environments<\/strong>, thanks to its high molybdenum content. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2387\">corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability<\/strong> makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2472\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93ef33c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93ef33c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2c7712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2c7712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"135\">Cold Working of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"410\"><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"160\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"214\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"220\" data-end=\"254\">good ductility and formability<\/strong>, making it suitable for various cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through <strong data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"370\">work hardening<\/strong> while maintaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"415\" \/><h3 data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"457\"><strong data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"457\">1. Common Cold Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"800\"><li data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"570\"><p data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"570\"><strong data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"484\">Bending and Forming:<\/strong> Can be shaped into complex geometries for tanks, piping, and structural components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"623\"><p data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"623\"><strong data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"585\">Rolling:<\/strong> Produces sheets, strips, and coils.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"711\"><p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"711\"><strong data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"643\">Deep Drawing:<\/strong> Allows production of containers, trays, and intricate components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"800\"><strong data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"740\">Stamping and Punching:<\/strong> Suitable for chemical, marine, and industrial applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"805\" \/><h3 data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"832\"><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"832\">2. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"1107\"><li data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"940\"><p data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"940\">317 stainless steel <strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"879\">work hardens rapidly<\/strong>, increasing tensile and yield strength during deformation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"989\"><p data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"989\">Excessive cold working can reduce ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1107\"><p data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1107\"><strong data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1018\">Intermediate annealing<\/strong> is recommended for extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve internal stresses.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1112\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1151\"><strong data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1151\">3. Fabrication Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1418\"><li data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1234\"><p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1234\">Apply <strong data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1183\">gradual deformation<\/strong> to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1336\"><p data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1336\">Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain surface finish and dimensional accuracy.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1418\"><p data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1418\">Cold-worked components may require <strong data-start=\"1374\" data-end=\"1391\">stress relief<\/strong> for critical applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1423\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1472\"><strong data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1472\">4. Applications Related to Cold Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1686\"><li data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1524\"><p data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1524\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1566\"><p data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1566\">Marine components exposed to seawater<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1615\"><p data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1615\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1616\" data-end=\"1686\"><p data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1686\">Tanks, piping, and structural parts requiring corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1691\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1708\"><strong data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1708\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"2000\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1738\" data-end=\"1780\">excellent cold working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working enhances strength while maintaining <strong data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1910\">corrosion resistance<\/strong>, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"1997\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8445356 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8445356\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71049ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71049ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"139\"><strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"139\">Heat Treatment of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"462\"><strong data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"164\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"218\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong>. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it is <strong data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"315\">not hardenable by conventional heat treatment<\/strong>. Heat treatment is primarily used to <strong data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"427\">restore ductility, relieve stresses, and optimize corrosion resistance<\/strong> after fabrication or cold working.<\/p><hr data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"467\" \/><h3 data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"489\"><strong data-start=\"473\" data-end=\"489\">1. Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"767\"><li data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"603\"><p data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"603\">Purpose: Restore ductility, relieve stresses, and enhance corrosion resistance after cold working or welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"604\" data-end=\"660\"><p data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"660\"><strong data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"632\">Annealing temperature:<\/strong> 1040\u20131120\u00b0C (1900\u20132050\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"767\"><p data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"767\"><strong data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"675\">Cooling:<\/strong> Rapid cooling in air or water to maintain corrosion resistance and prevent sensitization.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"772\" \/><h3 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"798\"><strong data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"798\">2. Stress Relief<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"1023\"><li data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"880\"><p data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"880\">Applied to reduce residual stresses from cold working, welding, or machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"930\"><p data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"930\"><strong data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"905\">Temperature range:<\/strong> 450\u2013650\u00b0C (840\u20131200\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"1023\"><p data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"1023\">Helps improve <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"972\">dimensional stability<\/strong> and reduces the risk of stress-related cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1028\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1066\"><strong data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1066\">3. Effects of Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1277\"><li data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1125\"><p data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1125\">Restores ductility and toughness in cold-worked areas.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1187\"><p data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1187\">Eliminates residual stresses from welding or fabrication.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1277\"><p data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1277\">Does <strong data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1234\">not increase strength significantly<\/strong>, as 317 is not precipitation-hardenable.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1282\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1322\"><strong data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1322\">4. Surface Treatment Post Heat<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1465\"><li data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1465\"><p data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1465\"><strong data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1352\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale or oxides and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1470\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1521\"><strong data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1521\">5. Applications Related to Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1700\"><li data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1582\"><p data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1582\">Welded piping, tanks, and vessels in chemical processing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1644\"><p data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1644\">Heat exchangers, reactors, and high-temperature equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1645\" data-end=\"1700\"><p data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1700\">Marine and pharmaceutical equipment exposed to heat<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1705\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1722\"><strong data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1722\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"2032\">Heat treatment of <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate\/\">317<\/a> stainless steel is mainly for <strong data-start=\"1775\" data-end=\"1806\">annealing and stress relief<\/strong>, maintaining <strong data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1882\">ductility, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability<\/strong>. This ensures reliable performance in <strong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1986\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>, particularly after fabrication or welding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d07c7a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d07c7a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccd7c2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccd7c2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"141\"><strong data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"141\">Heat Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"425\"><strong data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"166\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"220\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with good resistance to <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"295\">oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures<\/strong>. Its composition allows it to maintain mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance in moderately high-temperature environments.<\/p><hr data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"430\" \/><h3 data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"473\">1. Continuous Service Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"662\"><li data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"570\"><p data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"570\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"542\">continuous use up to approximately 870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"662\"><p data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"662\">Maintains <strong data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"631\">mechanical strength and corrosion resistance<\/strong> under sustained heat exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"667\" \/><h3 data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"701\"><strong data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"701\">2. Intermittent Exposure<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"914\"><li data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"823\"><p data-start=\"704\" data-end=\"823\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"779\">short-term or intermittent exposures up to 925\u00b0C (1700\u00b0F)<\/strong> without significant scaling or oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"914\"><p data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"914\">Suitable for components exposed to <strong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"880\">thermal cycling<\/strong> or fluctuating high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"919\" \/><h3 data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"952\"><strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"952\">3. Oxidation Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1145\"><li data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1041\"><p data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1041\">Forms a stable <strong data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"994\">chromium oxide layer<\/strong> that protects against scaling and oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1145\"><p data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1145\">High molybdenum content enhances <strong data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1111\">resistance to localized attack<\/strong> during high-temperature exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1150\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1174\">4. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1353\"><li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1263\"><p data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1263\">Not suitable for prolonged service at extremely high temperatures (&gt;925\u00b0C \/ 1700\u00b0F).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1353\"><p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1353\">Susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1310\">stress corrosion cracking<\/strong> in hot chloride-containing environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1358\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1410\"><strong data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1410\">5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1691\"><li data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1504\"><p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1504\">Heat exchangers, boilers, and furnace components in chemical and petrochemical industries<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1542\"><p data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1542\">High-temperature piping and tanks<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1596\"><p data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1596\">Marine equipment exposed to elevated temperatures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1691\"><p data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1691\">Industrial equipment requiring moderate heat resistance combined with corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1696\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1713\"><strong data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1713\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"2083\">317 stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1767\">good heat resistance<\/strong> for continuous service up to <strong data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1806\">870\u00b0C<\/strong> and intermittent exposure up to <strong data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1848\">925\u00b0C<\/strong>, while maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"1934\" data-end=\"1992\">heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2015\" data-end=\"2080\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7129aed e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7129aed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da3516 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0da3516\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Hot Working of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"402\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with good <strong data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"242\">hot workability<\/strong>. Hot working allows shaping and forming at elevated temperatures while minimizing work hardening and maintaining mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"407\" \/><h3 data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"443\"><strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"443\">1. Hot Working Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"624\"><li data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"508\"><p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"508\">Recommended hot working range: <strong data-start=\"477\" data-end=\"505\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"509\" data-end=\"624\"><p data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"624\">Proper temperature control prevents <strong data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"563\">grain growth<\/strong> and preserves corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"629\" \/><h3 data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"663\"><strong data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"663\">2. Hot Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"993\"><li data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"744\"><p data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"744\"><strong data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"682\">Hot Rolling:<\/strong> Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"824\"><p data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"824\"><strong data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"759\">Forging:<\/strong> Suitable for structural components and high-temperature parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"892\"><p data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"892\"><strong data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"841\">Extrusion:<\/strong> Enables production of rods, tubes, and profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"993\"><p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"993\"><strong data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"924\">Hot Pressing and Forming:<\/strong> Useful for shaping complex geometries with minimal risk of cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"998\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1036\"><strong data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1036\">3. Advantages of Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1225\"><li data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1093\"><p data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1093\">Reduces <strong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1065\">work hardening<\/strong> compared to cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1161\"><p data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1161\">Improves <strong data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1132\">ductility and toughness<\/strong> in the finished component.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1225\"><p data-start=\"1164\" data-end=\"1225\">Facilitates production of <strong data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1224\">large, thick, or complex parts<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1230\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1270\"><strong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1270\">4. Post-Hot Working Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1464\"><li data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1375\"><p data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1375\"><strong data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1286\">Annealing<\/strong> may be applied to restore uniform mechanical properties and relieve residual stresses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1464\"><p data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1464\"><strong data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1405\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> improves surface corrosion resistance after hot working.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1469\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1471\" data-end=\"1517\"><strong data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1517\">5. Applications Related to Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1746\"><li data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1586\"><p data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1586\">Heat exchangers, furnace components, and high-temperature piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1661\"><p data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1661\">Structural components for petrochemical and power generation equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1746\"><p data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1746\">Industrial parts requiring high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1751\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1768\"><strong data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1768\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"2099\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1839\">excellent hot working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and complex forming at <strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1916\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C<\/strong>. Hot working reduces work hardening, enhances ductility, and enables the production of parts for <strong data-start=\"2014\" data-end=\"2096\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial high-temperature applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic 317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &amp; Plate A modified version of Type 316 stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance. Type 317 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance; Its high Molybdenum content enhances the grade&#8217;s superior pitting resistance. It was designed to be a higher strength alternative [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-stainless-steel-alloys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}