Stainless Steel, Austenitic
303 Stainless Steel (S30300) Bar
A chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel free machining bar.
Stainless steel type 1.4305 is popularly known as grade 303 stainless steel.
Grade 303 is the most readily machineable of all the austenitic grades of stainless steel.
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel specifically engineered for improved machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance. It is widely used in precision-machined components where ease of machining is critical.
The machineable nature of grade 303 is due to the presence of sulphur in the steel composition. Whilst the sulphur improves machining, it also causes a decrease in the corrosion resistance and a slight lowering of the toughness. The corrosion resistance of type 303 is lower than that for 304. The toughness is still excellent as with other austenitic grades.
Property data given in this document is typical for bar products covered by EN Standards. ASTM, or other standards may cover products sold. It is reasonable to expect specifications in these standards to be similar but not necessarily identical to those given in this datasheet.
UNDUH PDF
Jangkauan
| Product Form | Imperial Sizes | Metric Sizes |
| Round Bar Bright Drawn H9 | 1⁄8" - 1" | 2.0mm - 25.0mm |
| Round Bar Smooth Turned H9⁄10 | 1" - 3" | 25.0mm - 60.0mm |
| Round Bar Peeled K12/K16 | 3 1⁄4" - 8" | |
| Hexagon Bar | 0.250" - 2.750" | 7.0mm - 50.0mm |
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303 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistem / Standar | Negara / Wilayah | Kelas / Peruntukan |
| AISI | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 303 |
| UNS | Internasional | S30300 |
| EN / W.Nr. | Eropa | 1.4305 |
| EN Nama | Eropa | X8CrNiS18-9 |
| ASTM A276 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 303 (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A582 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 303 (free-machining bars) |
| JIS | Jepang | SUS303 |
| GB (common usage) | Cina | 12Cr18Ni9 (free-machining type) |
Properti
Komposisi Kimia
1.4305 Steel
EN 10088-3
| Elemen Kimia | % Hadir |
| Karbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.10 |
| Kromium (Cr) | 17.00 - 19.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Silikon (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Fosfor (P) | 0.00 - 0.05 |
| Belerang (S) | 0.15 - 0.35 |
| Nikel (Ni) | 8.00 - 10.00 |
| Tembaga (Cu) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.00 - 0.11 |
| Besi (Fe) | Keseimbangan |
Sifat Mekanis
Bar Up to 160mm Dia / Thickness
EN 10088-3
| Properti Mekanis | Nilai |
| Stres Bukti | 190 Min MPa |
| Kekuatan Tarik | 500 to 750 MPa |
| Perpanjangan A50 mm | 35 Min % |
| Kekerasan Brinell | 230 Max HB |
Sifat Fisik Umum
| Properti Fisik | Nilai |
| Kepadatan | 8.03 g/cm³ |
| Titik Leleh | 1455 °C |
| Ekspansi Termal | 17.3 x 10-6/K |
| Modulus Elastisitas | 193 GPa |
| Konduktivitas Termal | 16.3 W/m.K |
| Tahanan Listrik | 0.72 x 10-6 Ω .m |
Applications of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel specifically designed for improved machinability while retaining good corrosion resistance. It is ideal for precision machined components in industrial and engineering applications.
1. Mechanical and Engineering Components
Gears, shafts, and bolts
Nuts, screws, and fasteners
Bearings and bushings
2. Automotive and Aerospace Applications
Engine and transmission components
Fuel and hydraulic system parts
Precision fittings and connectors
3. Industrial Machinery
Pump and valve components
Instrumentation and control equipment
Threaded parts and precision assemblies
4. Food, Beverage, and Pharmaceutical Industry
Equipment requiring machinability and corrosion resistance
Fittings, shafts, and small mechanical parts in processing equipment
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel is widely used for applications requiring high machinability, good corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. Its design makes it particularly suitable for precision machined parts in mechanical, automotive, aerospace, industrial, and food processing applications.
Characteristics of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel developed for enhanced machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. It is particularly suitable for precision components requiring extensive machining.
1. Chemical Composition
Contains chromium (17–19%) dan nickel (8–10%).
Includes sulfur or selenium additives to improve machinability.
Low carbon content reduces risk of carbide precipitation during machining.
2. Corrosion Resistance
Ketahanan yang baik terhadap oxidation, mild acids, and atmospheric corrosion.
Slightly lower corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel due to sulfur content.
Berkinerja baik dalam indoor, dry, or mildly corrosive environments.
3. Mechanical Properties
Moderate tensile strength and hardness.
Luar biasa ductility and toughness for forming and machining.
Maintains stable properties across a wide range of temperatures.
4. Machinability
Exceptional machinability compared to standard austenitic stainless steels.
Easily machined with high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools.
Produces continuous chips and smooth surfaces, reducing tool wear.
5. Formability and Fabrication
Can be cold worked, drawn, and formed, though work hardens slightly.
Welding is possible but may reduce corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone.
6. Applications
Gears, shafts, screws, and fasteners
Automotive and aerospace components
Pump and valve parts
Precision machinery and instrumentation
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel is characterized by excellent machinability, good corrosion resistance, and moderate strength. Its unique properties make it ideal for precision-machined components in mechanical, automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications.
Informasi Tambahan
Fabrikasi
Fabrication of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel optimized for machinability, making it widely used in precision components and industrial applications. While it offers good corrosion resistance, special considerations are needed during fabrication due to its sulfur content, which can affect weldability.
1. Forming
Cold working: 303 can be formed using standard techniques such as bending, stamping, and drawing.
Hot working: Limited due to the risk of grain growth and reduced corrosion resistance; care must be taken to control temperature and cooling rates.
2. Machining
303 is highly machinable, with continuous chips and smooth finishes.
Ideal for turning, milling, drilling, and tapping with high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools.
Lubrication and proper tool geometry improve surface finish and reduce tool wear.
3. Welding
Welding of 303 is possible but not recommended for critical corrosion-resistance applications.
Sulfur content may lead to hot cracking or reduced corrosion resistance in the heat-affected zone.
Post-weld stress relief and corrosion-resistant coatings may be required.
4. Joining and Assembly
Cocok untuk mechanical fastening, bolting, and riveting.
Adhesive bonding is possible in non-critical corrosion environments.
5. Surface Finishing
Can be polished, passivated, or electroplated to enhance corrosion resistance.
Surface treatments improve appearance and long-term durability in indoor or mildly corrosive environments.
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel offers excellent machinability and good formability. While welding requires caution due to sulfur content, it can be cold worked, machined, and surface-finished effectively for precision components in mechanical, automotive, and industrial applications.
Kemampuan las
Weldability of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel engineered for high machinability. Its weldability, however, is limited due to the sulfur or selenium content, which can lead to cracking and reduced corrosion resistance in welded areas.
1. General Welding Characteristics
Weldable using common methods: TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), and resistance welding are possible.
High sulfur content can cause hot cracking and poor weld bead quality.
Not recommended for critical corrosion-resistance applications without precautions.
2. Welding Techniques
TIG (GTAW) welding: Provides controlled heat input, minimizing the risk of cracking.
MIG (GMAW) welding: Possible with proper filler material and welding parameters.
Spot and resistance welding: Suitable for thin sections and non-critical parts.
3. Filler Materials
Gunakan 304 or 308 stainless steel filler rods/wires to maintain corrosion resistance.
Avoid fillers that are incompatible with high-sulfur 303 steel.
4. Preheating and Post-Weld Treatments
Preheating is generally not required, but stress relief may help reduce cracking in thicker sections.
Post-weld passivation or surface treatment improves corrosion resistance in the weld zone.
5. Practical Considerations
Welding should be performed by experienced operators due to the risk of cracking.
Machined 303 components are often assembled mechanically or by adhesive bonding instead of welding.
For welded assemblies requiring corrosion resistance, consider using 304 or 304L stainless steel instead.
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel has limited weldability because of its sulfur content. While welding is possible using TIG, MIG, or resistance methods, precautions such as appropriate filler materials, controlled heat input, and post-weld treatments are necessary. For critical corrosion-resistant applications, alternative grades like 304 or 304L are preferred.
Kemampuan mesin
Machinability of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel specially designed for enhanced machinability. Its composition, which includes sulfur or selenium additives, allows it to be machined easily and efficiently compared to standard 304 stainless steel.
1. Machining Characteristics
Produces short, easily controlled chips, reducing the risk of tool clogging.
Requires lower cutting forces than standard austenitic stainless steels.
Machinable using high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide tools.
2. Tooling Recommendations
Tool materials: High-speed steel (HSS), carbide, or cobalt tools.
Cutting speeds: Higher than 304 stainless steel; reduces tool wear.
Lubrication: Use cutting fluids to improve surface finish and reduce heat.
3. Machining Operations
Turning: Excellent surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
Milling and Drilling: Smooth operation with minimal work hardening.
Tapping and Threading: Produces clean threads without galling.
4. Advantages
Mengurangi tool wear and machining time.
Minimizes work hardening, making post-machining operations easier.
Produces consistent surface finishes suitable for precision components.
5. Applications Benefiting from Machinability
Gears, shafts, screws, and fasteners
Automotive and aerospace precision parts
Pump, valve, and instrumentation components
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel is characterized by exceptional machinability, making it ideal for precision-machined parts in mechanical, automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications. Its composition allows for efficient machining with reduced tool wear and excellent surface finish, while maintaining ketahanan korosi yang baik in non-critical environments.
Ketahanan Korosi
Corrosion Resistance of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel optimized for machinability, while retaining ketahanan korosi yang baik in many environments. However, its corrosion resistance is slightly lower than standard 304 stainless steel due to the addition of sulfur or selenium.
1. General Corrosion Resistance
Resists oxidation and atmospheric corrosion under normal conditions.
Berkinerja baik dalam indoor, dry, or mildly corrosive environments.
Tidak direkomendasikan untuk highly corrosive, chloride-rich, or marine environments.
2. Corrosion in Chemicals
Ketahanan yang baik terhadap organic acids, mild alkalis, and non-oxidizing solutions.
Sulfur content may reduce performance in strong acids, oxidizing environments, or seawater.
3. Stress and Crevice Corrosion
Generally resistant to general corrosion, but prone to pitting or crevice corrosion in chloride-rich solutions.
Avoid use in applications requiring maximum corrosion resistance without protective coatings.
4. Surface Protection
Can be passivated to restore a clean, corrosion-resistant surface.
Polishing and surface treatments improve long-term corrosion resistance.
5. Practical Applications
Indoor mechanical components and precision parts
Instrumentation and fasteners exposed to mild environments
Automotive and aerospace parts not exposed to aggressive chemicals
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel offers ketahanan korosi yang baik, suitable for indoor and mildly corrosive environments, but is less resistant than 304 or 316 stainless steel due to its sulfur content. It is ideal for machined components where ease of machining is prioritized, and extreme corrosion resistance is not critical.
Pekerjaan Dingin
Cold Working of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel designed primarily for high machinability. It can be cold worked, but certain limitations apply due to its composition and sulfur content.
1. Cold Working Characteristics
Can be formed, bent, drawn, or stamped in the annealed condition.
Work hardens faster than standard 304 stainless steel due to austenitic structure.
Excessive cold working may reduce ductility and increase risk of cracking during machining.
2. Techniques
Bending and forming: Suitable for moderate bends; use proper tooling to avoid surface cracks.
Deep drawing: Possible, but large reductions may require intermediate annealing.
Stamping: Works well for small to medium parts in annealed condition.
3. Advantages
Cold working improves kekuatan dan kekerasan in the formed part.
Enables creation of precision shapes without high-temperature processing.
4. Limitations
Sulfur content may lead to surface defects or micro-cracking if deformation is too severe.
Not recommended for applications requiring maximum corrosion resistance after heavy cold working.
Annealing may be required after extensive forming to restore ductility.
5. Practical Applications
Small mechanical components, fasteners, and gears
Precision parts in automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery
Components that require moderate forming before machining
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel can be cold worked effectively for forming, bending, stamping, and drawing operations. While it gains kekuatan dan kekerasan through cold working, careful process control is needed to avoid cracking and maintain corrosion resistance, making it suitable for machined and precision-formed components.
Perlakuan Panas
Heat Treatment of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel primarily designed for enhanced machinability. Due to its composition, particularly the high sulfur content, 303 has limited hardenability and heat treatment options compared to martensitic or ferritic stainless steels.
1. Annealing
Purpose: Relieves internal stresses, improves ductility, and softens the steel for easier machining or forming.
Process:
Heat to 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F).
Hold at temperature for a sufficient time to allow stress relief.
Cool rapidly in water or air to maintain corrosion resistance.
2. Stress Relief
Purpose: Reduces residual stresses caused by machining, cold working, or forming.
Process:
Heat to 450–650°C (840–1200°F).
Hold for 1–2 hours depending on part thickness.
Cool slowly to room temperature.
Helps prevent distortion, warping, or cracking during subsequent fabrication.
3. Hardening
303 stainless steel is not intended for hardening by heat treatment.
It achieves moderate strength through cold working rather than quenching and tempering.
4. Practical Considerations
Avoid high-temperature service or heat treatment that can lead to carbide precipitation, reducing corrosion resistance.
Post-heat treatment passivation may be applied to restore surface corrosion resistance.
5. Summary
303 stainless steel has limited heat treatment options due to its sulfur content. Annealing and stress relief are the primary treatments used to relieve internal stresses and restore ductility. Strengthening is achieved mainly through cold working rather than conventional hardening. This makes 303 ideal for machined, precision components rather than high-strength, heat-treated parts.
Tahan Panas
Heat Resistance of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel optimized for high machinability, with good general corrosion resistance. Its heat resistance is sedang, making it suitable for applications with intermittent or mild elevated temperatures but not for continuous high-temperature exposure.
1. Temperature Limits
Recommended for use up to 870°C (1600°F) intermittently.
Continuous service temperatures should generally not exceed 425–450°C (800–840°F) to maintain mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
2. Oxidation Resistance
Offers moderate resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Sulfur content can slightly reduce oxidation resistance compared to standard 304 stainless steel.
3. Strength at Elevated Temperature
Maintains moderate tensile strength and toughness at elevated temperatures.
Extended exposure to high temperatures may result in reduction of corrosion resistance and potential scaling.
4. Applications
Components exposed to moderate heat and mechanical stress
Fasteners, gears, and shafts in low- to medium-temperature environments
Industrial machinery operating below 425°C (800°F)
5. Practical Considerations
Not suitable for high-temperature continuous service or oxidizing environments above 870°C.
For higher temperature resistance, consider 304H, 321, or 310 stainless steels.
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel has ketahanan panas sedang, suitable for intermittent or mild elevated temperature applications. Its primary advantages remain high machinability and good corrosion resistance, making it ideal for precision components operating at low to moderate temperatures.
Kerja Panas
Hot Working of 303 Stainless Steel
303 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel designed for enhanced machinability. While it can undergo hot working, there are important considerations due to its sulfur content, which can reduce ductility and increase the risk of cracking at high temperatures.
1. Hot Working Characteristics
Cocok untuk forging, rolling, or extrusion at elevated temperatures.
Requires careful temperature control to prevent surface cracking or internal stresses.
Hot working improves formability but does not significantly increase hardness, as 303 is not heat-treatable for hardening.
2. Recommended Temperature Ranges
Annealed temperature: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F) for shaping or forging.
Avoid overheating, as temperatures above 1120°C (2050°F) may cause grain growth and reduced corrosion resistance.
Controlled cooling (air or water quench) helps preserve mechanical properties.
3. Advantages
Hot working allows for large deformations without excessive tool wear.
Mengurangi mechanical stresses and improves formability for subsequent machining or cold working.
4. Limitations
Sulfur content can lead to localized cracking or surface defects if hot worked improperly.
Not suitable for applications requiring high hardness through heat treatment—strength is primarily achieved through cold working.
5. Practical Applications
Forged or rolled components requiring subsequent machining
Shafts, gears, and industrial fittings where moderate formability is needed
Automotive or mechanical parts formed before final machining
Ringkasan
303 stainless steel can be hot worked effectively within controlled temperature ranges. While it allows good formability for industrial and mechanical components, care must be taken to avoid cracking and maintain corrosion resistance, as 303 is optimized for machinability rather than high-temperature strength.
