{"id":2484,"date":"2025-11-14T01:16:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T01:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:31:50","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:31:50","slug":"317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate\/","title":{"rendered":"317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &#038; Plate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2484\" class=\"elementor elementor-2484\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e442a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e442a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c379e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c379e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447c5ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"447c5ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430782f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"430782f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &amp; Plate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ee03c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ee03c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A modified version of Type 316 stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d6651 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3d6651\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Type 317 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance; Its high Molybdenum content enhances the grade&#8217;s superior pitting resistance. It was designed to be a higher strength alternative to the <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/s31600-316-stainless-steel\/\">316<\/a> grades.<\/p><p>Composed of larger amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, alloy 317 also is more corrosion resistant compared to 316, and tougher than Type <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a>. This is the due to the high percentage of iron in its composition, which is much higher than many stainless steels.<\/p><p>This combination of iron with the chromium-nickel-molybdenum content yields a strong alloy.<\/p><p>It combines <strong data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"540\">good mechanical properties, excellent weldability, and formability<\/strong>, making it ideal for applications in <strong data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"648\">chemical processing, marine environments, and industrial equipment<\/strong> where resistance to <strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"720\">pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack<\/strong> is essential.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8507829 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8507829\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86d0c5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"86d0c5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6092d4c elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"6092d4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eadb341 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eadb341\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7320e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d7320e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Range\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2491a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2491a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong> PLEASE NOTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>If you do not see what you are looking for, please contact your\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">local service centre<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>with your specific requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2da9774 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2da9774\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">317 Stainless Steel Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2611b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"2611b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-198\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"13\"\n           data-wpID=\"198\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        System \/ Standard                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Country \/ Region                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade \/ Designation                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AISI                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UNS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        International                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S31700                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN \/ W.Nr.                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.4449                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN Name (EN 10088)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        X5CrNiMo18-15-4                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A240                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317 (plate, sheet, strip)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A276                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317 (bars, shapes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A213                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317 (boiler \/ HX tubes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A312                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP317 (seamless pipe)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GB                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        China                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0Cr19Ni13Mo3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        JIS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Japan                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SUS317                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        BS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UK                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        317S16                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AFNOR                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        France                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Z10CND19-15-04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-198'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-FF1100 { background-color: #FF1100 !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0901ae4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0901ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0757c41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0757c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95c12b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"95c12b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fcd095 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3fcd095\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a88fe60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a88fe60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-64\">S31700 Sheet and Plate<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-64\">ASTM A240<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-64\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"64\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Carbon (C)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.08                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        18.00 - 20.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        11.00 - 15.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 2.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phosphorous (P)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.04                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sulphur (S)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Silicon (Si)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.75                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Molybdenum (Mo)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.00 - 4.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.10                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-64'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1571\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed8935 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ed8935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa72967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"aa72967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-65\">ASTM A240<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-65\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"65\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        205 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        515 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        35 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-65'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7680943 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7680943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450c536 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450c536\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43f1002 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43f1002\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a29d6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a29d6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"136\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"136\">Applications of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"451\"><strong data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"161\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"198\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"204\" data-end=\"231\">high molybdenum content<\/strong>, offering enhanced corrosion resistance, especially in <strong data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"337\">chemical, chloride, and oxidizing environments<\/strong>. It is widely used in applications that require durability, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"456\" \/><h4 data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"505\"><strong data-start=\"463\" data-end=\"505\">1. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"699\"><li data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"562\"><p data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"562\">Reactors, tanks, and vessels for corrosive chemicals<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"597\"><p data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"597\">Heat exchangers and condensers<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"645\"><p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"645\">Piping systems handling acids and chlorides<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"699\"><p data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"699\">Valves, pumps, and fittings in chemical processes<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"704\" \/><h4 data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"737\"><strong data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"737\">2. Marine Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"867\"><li data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"790\"><p data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"790\">Components exposed to seawater or brackish water<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"833\"><p data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"833\">Marine piping and structural equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"867\"><p data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"867\">Desalination plant components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"872\" \/><h4 data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"918\"><strong data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"918\">3. Food and Pharmaceutical Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"1105\"><li data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"986\"><p data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"986\">Processing equipment requiring corrosion resistance and hygiene<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1057\"><p data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1057\">Storage tanks, piping, and reactors for acidic or aggressive media<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1105\"><p data-start=\"1060\" data-end=\"1105\">Heat exchangers, evaporators, and agitators<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1110\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1147\"><strong data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1147\">4. Industrial Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1329\"><li data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1207\"><p data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1207\">Fasteners, bolts, and screws in aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1268\"><p data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1268\">Structural components in chemical or industrial settings<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1329\"><p data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1329\">Components exposed to high humidity or saline conditions<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1334\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1351\"><strong data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1351\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1688\">317 stainless steel is widely used in <strong data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1455\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong> where superior corrosion resistance, especially to <strong data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1540\">chlorides and oxidizing acids<\/strong>, is essential. Its <strong data-start=\"1560\" data-end=\"1613\">austenitic structure, weldability, and durability<\/strong> make it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1685\">critical components exposed to harsh environments<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ceed5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ceed5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a85455 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7a85455\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c994460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c994460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"142\"><strong data-start=\"100\" data-end=\"142\">Characteristics of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"395\"><strong data-start=\"144\" data-end=\"167\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"204\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"243\">enhanced corrosion resistance<\/strong>, mainly due to its <strong data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"290\">high molybdenum content<\/strong>. It is widely used in environments that are more aggressive than those suitable for 316 stainless steel.<\/p><hr data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"400\" \/><h4 data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"443\"><strong data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"443\">1. Superior Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"670\"><li data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"583\"><p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"583\">High molybdenum content improves resistance to <strong data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"526\">pitting and crevice corrosion<\/strong>, particularly in <strong data-start=\"544\" data-end=\"580\">chloride-containing environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"670\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"622\">oxidizing acids<\/strong> and moderately aggressive chemical solutions.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"675\" \/><h4 data-start=\"677\" data-end=\"709\"><strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"709\">2. Austenitic Structure<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"850\"><li data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"775\"><p data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"775\">Provides <strong data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"772\">excellent ductility, toughness, and formability<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"850\"><p data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"850\">Maintains mechanical properties at <strong data-start=\"813\" data-end=\"847\">both high and low temperatures<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"855\" \/><h4 data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"890\"><strong data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"890\">3. Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"1035\"><li data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"949\"><p data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"949\">Good tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1035\"><p data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1035\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"985\">stress and load<\/strong> in industrial applications without deformation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1040\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1081\"><strong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1081\">4. Weldability and Fabrication<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1290\"><li data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1144\"><p data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1144\">Can be easily welded using <strong data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1133\">TIG, MIG, and SMAW<\/strong> methods.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1212\"><p data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1212\">Low risk of <strong data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1176\">sensitization<\/strong> due to controlled carbon content.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1290\"><p data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1290\">Suitable for forming into sheets, plates, piping, and complex components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1292\" data-end=\"1295\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1348\"><strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1348\">5. Applications Related to Characteristics<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1522\"><li data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1382\"><p data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1382\">Chemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1423\"><p data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1423\">Marine equipment exposed to seawater<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1424\" data-end=\"1472\"><p data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1472\">Pharmaceutical and food processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1522\"><p data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1522\">Heat exchangers, tanks, and industrial piping<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1527\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1544\"><strong data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1544\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1868\">317 stainless steel is characterized by <strong data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1689\">high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, excellent ductility, and reliable weldability<\/strong>. Its <strong data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1722\">high molybdenum content<\/strong> makes it particularly suitable for <strong data-start=\"1758\" data-end=\"1823\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong> where aggressive environments are present.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1744886 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1744886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45736a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45736a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional Information\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e43a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"9e43a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1650\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ef05e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3ef05e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1bdd17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1bdd17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Fabrication of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"462\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> known for its <strong data-start=\"227\" data-end=\"261\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong> and good mechanical properties. It can be fabricated using conventional techniques, including <strong data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"391\">forming, welding, and machining<\/strong>, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and marine applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"467\" \/><h3 data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"487\"><strong data-start=\"473\" data-end=\"487\">1. Forming<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"509\"><strong data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"507\">Cold Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"670\"><li data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"574\"><p data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"574\">Suitable for bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"670\"><p data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"670\">Work hardens moderately; <strong data-start=\"604\" data-end=\"630\">intermediate annealing<\/strong> is recommended for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"692\"><strong data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"690\">Hot Working:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"822\"><li data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"759\"><p data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"759\">Performed at elevated temperatures to reduce work hardening.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"822\"><p data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"822\">Typical hot working range: <strong data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"819\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\" \/><h3 data-start=\"829\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"847\">2. Welding<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1143\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"922\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"922\">Can be welded using standard techniques: <strong data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"919\">TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"1039\"><p data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"1039\">Filler metals such as <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"966\">ER317 or ER317L<\/strong> are recommended for maintaining corrosion resistance in welded joints.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1143\"><p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1143\">Low risk of sensitization due to controlled carbon content, minimizing <strong data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1140\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1148\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1170\"><strong data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1170\">3. Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1402\"><li data-start=\"1171\" data-end=\"1229\"><p data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1229\">Moderate machinability; work hardens during machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1317\"><p data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1317\">Use <strong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1259\">sharp carbide tools<\/strong>, adequate feed, and proper coolant for optimal results.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1402\"><p data-start=\"1320\" data-end=\"1402\">Suitable for making piping, fittings, fasteners, and other precision components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1407\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1447\"><strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1447\">4. Post-Fabrication Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1678\"><li data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1547\"><p data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1547\"><strong data-start=\"1450\" data-end=\"1464\">Annealing:<\/strong> Restores ductility and relieves residual stresses after cold working or welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1678\"><p data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1678\"><strong data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1579\">Pickling and Passivation:<\/strong> Removes scale and restores the protective chromium oxide layer to optimize corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"1683\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1731\"><strong data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1731\">5. Applications Related to Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1934\"><li data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1783\"><p data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1783\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1826\"><p data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1826\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1875\"><p data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1875\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1934\"><p data-start=\"1878\" data-end=\"1934\">Tanks, piping systems, and industrial structural parts<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"1939\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1956\"><strong data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1956\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1957\" data-end=\"2225\">317 stainless steel is <strong data-start=\"1980\" data-end=\"2001\">highly fabricable<\/strong>, supporting cold and hot forming, welding, and machining. Its <strong data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2138\">high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and weldability<\/strong> make it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2157\" data-end=\"2222\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1651\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7ad33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bd7ad33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46a0fe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46a0fe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Weldability of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"338\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"218\" data-end=\"243\">excellent weldability<\/strong>, making it suitable for applications where corrosion-resistant welded components are required.<\/p><hr data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"343\" \/><h3 data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"375\"><strong data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"375\">1. General Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"672\"><li data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"580\"><p data-start=\"378\" data-end=\"454\">Can be welded using <strong data-start=\"398\" data-end=\"440\">all standard fusion welding techniques<\/strong>, including:<\/p><ul data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"580\"><li data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"475\"><p data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"475\"><strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"473\">TIG (GTAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"496\"><p data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"496\"><strong data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"494\">MIG (GMAW)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"540\"><p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"540\"><strong data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"538\">SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"580\"><p data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"580\"><strong data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"578\">FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"672\"><p data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"672\">Welded joints maintain <strong data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"671\">good corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and toughness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"677\" \/><h3 data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"708\"><strong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"708\">2. Low Carbon Content<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"930\"><li data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"756\"><p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"756\">Minimizes <strong data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"738\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"837\"><p data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"837\">Reduces the risk of <strong data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"806\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong>, especially in welded zones.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"930\"><p data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"930\">Post-weld heat treatment is usually <strong data-start=\"876\" data-end=\"892\">not required<\/strong> for maintaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"935\" \/><h3 data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"976\"><strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"976\">3. Filler Metal Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1200\"><li data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1149\"><p data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1009\">Commonly used filler metals:<\/p><ul data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1149\"><li data-start=\"1012\" data-end=\"1099\"><p data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1099\"><strong data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1023\">ER317<\/strong> or <strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1037\">ER317L<\/strong> for matching corrosion resistance and mechanical properties<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1149\"><p data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1149\"><strong data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1114\">ER316L<\/strong> for less aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1200\"><p data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1200\">Ensures consistent performance of welded joints.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1205\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1244\"><strong data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1244\">4. Heat Input and Preparation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1435\"><li data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1316\"><p data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1316\">Moderate heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1317\" data-end=\"1390\"><p data-start=\"1319\" data-end=\"1390\">Ensure joint surfaces are clean, free of oil, grease, or oxide scale.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1435\"><p data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1435\">Preheating is generally <strong data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1434\">not necessary<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1440\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1477\"><strong data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1477\">5. Post-Weld Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1698\"><li data-start=\"1478\" data-end=\"1595\"><p data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1595\"><strong data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1507\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> can be applied to restore the chromium oxide layer and optimize corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1698\"><p data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1698\">Stress relief may be performed if the component is heavily stressed or exposed to high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1703\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1751\"><strong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1751\">6. Applications Related to Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1938\"><li data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1792\"><p data-start=\"1754\" data-end=\"1792\">Chemical processing tanks and piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1793\" data-end=\"1835\"><p data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1835\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1836\" data-end=\"1884\"><p data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1884\">Food and pharmaceutical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1938\"><p data-start=\"1887\" data-end=\"1938\">Heat exchangers, reactors, and industrial vessels<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1940\" data-end=\"1943\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1960\"><strong data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1960\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1961\" data-end=\"2272\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1990\" data-end=\"2015\">excellent weldability<\/strong> due to its austenitic structure and high molybdenum content. Proper filler selection and controlled welding techniques produce <strong data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2181\">strong, corrosion-resistant joints<\/strong>, making 317 ideal for <strong data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2269\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1652\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e279f63 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e279f63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d3c4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f4d3c4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"137\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"137\">Machinability of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"417\"><strong data-start=\"139\" data-end=\"162\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"216\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> that provides <strong data-start=\"231\" data-end=\"257\">moderate machinability<\/strong>, similar to other austenitic stainless steels. Its combination of corrosion resistance and work-hardening characteristics requires careful machining practices.<\/p><hr data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"422\" \/><h3 data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"449\"><strong data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"449\">1. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"708\"><li data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"549\"><p data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"549\">317 stainless steel <strong data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"496\">work hardens rapidly<\/strong>, especially during light cuts or interrupted cuts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"550\" data-end=\"708\"><p data-start=\"552\" data-end=\"581\">To minimize work hardening:<\/p><ul data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"708\"><li data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"614\"><p data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"614\">Use <strong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"612\">sharp, rigid tools<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"658\"><p data-start=\"619\" data-end=\"658\">Avoid shallow cuts or repeated passes<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"708\"><p data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"708\">Employ adequate <strong data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"706\">lubrication and coolant<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"713\" \/><h3 data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"749\"><strong data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"749\">2. Tooling Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"978\"><li data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"829\"><p data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"829\"><strong data-start=\"752\" data-end=\"769\">Carbide tools<\/strong> are preferred for longer tool life and efficient cutting.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"899\"><p data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"899\">High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"978\"><p data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"978\">Ensure <strong data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"928\">rigid fixturing<\/strong> to reduce vibration and improve surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"983\" \/><h3 data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1014\"><strong data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1014\">3. Cutting Conditions<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1233\"><li data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1081\"><p data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1081\">Use <strong data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1055\">moderate to low cutting speeds<\/strong> to prevent overheating.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1082\" data-end=\"1156\"><p data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1156\">Maintain proper <strong data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1130\">feed rate and depth of cut<\/strong> to reduce tool rubbing.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1233\"><p data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1233\">Continuous coolant flow helps with <strong data-start=\"1194\" data-end=\"1213\">chip evacuation<\/strong> and tool cooling.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1238\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1265\"><strong data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1265\">4. Chip Formation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1423\"><li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1335\"><p data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1335\">Produces <strong data-start=\"1277\" data-end=\"1300\">long, ductile chips<\/strong> due to its austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1423\"><p data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1423\">Use <strong data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1392\">chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques<\/strong> to manage chips effectively.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1428\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1455\"><strong data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1455\">5. Surface Finish<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1597\"><li data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1503\"><p data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1503\">Achievable with proper tooling and coolant.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1597\"><p data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1597\">Overheating during machining can degrade surface quality and reduce corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1602\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1648\"><strong data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1648\">6. Applications Related to Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1850\"><li data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1717\"><p data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1717\">Precision components in <strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1715\">chemical and petrochemical equipment<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1781\"><p data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1781\">Fittings, valves, and fasteners for aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1850\"><p data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1850\">Piping, tanks, and machinery requiring corrosion-resistant parts<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1855\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1872\"><strong data-start=\"1861\" data-end=\"1872\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"2239\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1928\">moderate machinability<\/strong> with a high work-hardening tendency. Using proper tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication ensures efficient machining and excellent surface finish. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2148\">machinability and superior corrosion resistance<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2236\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1653\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d522c78 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d522c78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0d10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3b0d10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"151\"><strong data-start=\"104\" data-end=\"151\">Corrosion Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"176\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"230\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> that provides <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"279\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong>, particularly in aggressive environments containing chlorides, oxidizing acids, or other chemical media. Its higher molybdenum content compared to 316 stainless steel enhances resistance to <strong data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"521\">pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"527\" \/><h3 data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"568\"><strong data-start=\"533\" data-end=\"568\">1. General Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"800\"><li data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"629\"><p data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"629\">Resists <strong data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"626\">oxidation and general atmospheric corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"744\"><p data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"744\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"696\">moderately aggressive chemical environments<\/strong>, including mild acids and alkaline solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"800\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"799\">industrial and outdoor applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"805\" \/><h3 data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"847\">2. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"1110\"><li data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"923\"><p data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"923\">High molybdenum content improves resistance to <strong data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"920\">localized corrosion<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"924\" data-end=\"1022\"><p data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1022\">Particularly effective in <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"982\">chloride-rich environments<\/strong>, such as seawater or brine solutions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1110\"><p data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1110\">Outperforms 316 stainless steel in highly aggressive chemical or marine environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1115\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1162\"><strong data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1162\">3. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1341\"><li data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1241\"><p data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1241\">Low carbon content minimizes the risk of <strong data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1223\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1341\"><p data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1341\">Maintains resistance to <strong data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1301\">intergranular corrosion (IGC)<\/strong> in welded or heat-treated components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1346\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1388\"><strong data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1388\">4. Resistance to Chemical Attack<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1639\"><li data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1450\"><p data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1450\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1427\">oxidizing acids<\/strong> such as nitric acid.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1560\"><p data-start=\"1453\" data-end=\"1560\">Provides moderate resistance to <strong data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1503\">reducing acids<\/strong> (e.g., hydrochloric acid) under controlled conditions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1639\"><p data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1639\">Ideal for chemical reactors, tanks, and piping exposed to aggressive fluids.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1644\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1668\"><strong data-start=\"1650\" data-end=\"1668\">5. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1866\"><li data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1776\"><p data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1776\">Susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1721\">stress corrosion cracking (SCC)<\/strong> in hot chloride solutions under high tensile stress.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1866\"><p data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1866\">May experience <strong data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1814\">localized attack<\/strong> in strongly reducing or highly acidic environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1871\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1928\"><strong data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1928\">6. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2119\"><li data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"1980\"><p data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"1980\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"2023\"><p data-start=\"1983\" data-end=\"2023\">Marine and seawater-exposed components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2072\"><p data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2072\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2119\"><p data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2119\">Heat exchangers, piping, and storage tanks<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2124\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2141\"><strong data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2141\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2142\" data-end=\"2475\">317 stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2213\">excellent overall corrosion resistance<\/strong>, especially in <strong data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2273\">chloride-rich and oxidizing environments<\/strong>, thanks to its high molybdenum content. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2333\" data-end=\"2387\">corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability<\/strong> makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2472\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1654\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93ef33c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93ef33c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2c7712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2c7712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"93\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"135\">Cold Working of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"410\"><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"160\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"167\" data-end=\"214\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"220\" data-end=\"254\">good ductility and formability<\/strong>, making it suitable for various cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through <strong data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"370\">work hardening<\/strong> while maintaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"415\" \/><h3 data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"457\"><strong data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"457\">1. Common Cold Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"800\"><li data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"570\"><p data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"570\"><strong data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"484\">Bending and Forming:<\/strong> Can be shaped into complex geometries for tanks, piping, and structural components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"623\"><p data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"623\"><strong data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"585\">Rolling:<\/strong> Produces sheets, strips, and coils.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"624\" data-end=\"711\"><p data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"711\"><strong data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"643\">Deep Drawing:<\/strong> Allows production of containers, trays, and intricate components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"712\" data-end=\"800\"><p data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"800\"><strong data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"740\">Stamping and Punching:<\/strong> Suitable for chemical, marine, and industrial applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"805\" \/><h3 data-start=\"807\" data-end=\"832\"><strong data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"832\">2. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"1107\"><li data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"940\"><p data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"940\">317 stainless steel <strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"879\">work hardens rapidly<\/strong>, increasing tensile and yield strength during deformation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"989\"><p data-start=\"943\" data-end=\"989\">Excessive cold working can reduce ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1107\"><p data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1107\"><strong data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1018\">Intermediate annealing<\/strong> is recommended for extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve internal stresses.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1112\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1151\"><strong data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1151\">3. Fabrication Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1418\"><li data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1234\"><p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1234\">Apply <strong data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1183\">gradual deformation<\/strong> to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1336\"><p data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1336\">Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain surface finish and dimensional accuracy.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1418\"><p data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1418\">Cold-worked components may require <strong data-start=\"1374\" data-end=\"1391\">stress relief<\/strong> for critical applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1423\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1472\"><strong data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1472\">4. Applications Related to Cold Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1686\"><li data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1524\"><p data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1524\">Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1566\"><p data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1566\">Marine components exposed to seawater<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1615\"><p data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1615\">Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1616\" data-end=\"1686\"><p data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1686\">Tanks, piping, and structural parts requiring corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1691\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1708\"><strong data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1708\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"2000\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1738\" data-end=\"1780\">excellent cold working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working enhances strength while maintaining <strong data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1910\">corrosion resistance<\/strong>, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1932\" data-end=\"1997\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment  <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1655\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8445356 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8445356\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71049ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71049ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"139\"><strong data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"139\">Heat Treatment of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"462\"><strong data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"164\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"218\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong>. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it is <strong data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"315\">not hardenable by conventional heat treatment<\/strong>. Heat treatment is primarily used to <strong data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"427\">restore ductility, relieve stresses, and optimize corrosion resistance<\/strong> after fabrication or cold working.<\/p><hr data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"467\" \/><h3 data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"489\"><strong data-start=\"473\" data-end=\"489\">1. Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"767\"><li data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"603\"><p data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"603\">Purpose: Restore ductility, relieve stresses, and enhance corrosion resistance after cold working or welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"604\" data-end=\"660\"><p data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"660\"><strong data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"632\">Annealing temperature:<\/strong> 1040\u20131120\u00b0C (1900\u20132050\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"767\"><p data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"767\"><strong data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"675\">Cooling:<\/strong> Rapid cooling in air or water to maintain corrosion resistance and prevent sensitization.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"772\" \/><h3 data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"798\"><strong data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"798\">2. Stress Relief<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"1023\"><li data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"880\"><p data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"880\">Applied to reduce residual stresses from cold working, welding, or machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"930\"><p data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"930\"><strong data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"905\">Temperature range:<\/strong> 450\u2013650\u00b0C (840\u20131200\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"1023\"><p data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"1023\">Helps improve <strong data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"972\">dimensional stability<\/strong> and reduces the risk of stress-related cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1028\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1066\"><strong data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1066\">3. Effects of Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1277\"><li data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1125\"><p data-start=\"1069\" data-end=\"1125\">Restores ductility and toughness in cold-worked areas.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1187\"><p data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1187\">Eliminates residual stresses from welding or fabrication.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1277\"><p data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1277\">Does <strong data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1234\">not increase strength significantly<\/strong>, as 317 is not precipitation-hardenable.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1279\" data-end=\"1282\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1284\" data-end=\"1322\"><strong data-start=\"1288\" data-end=\"1322\">4. Surface Treatment Post Heat<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1465\"><li data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1465\"><p data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1465\"><strong data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1352\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale or oxides and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1470\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1521\"><strong data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1521\">5. Applications Related to Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1700\"><li data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1582\"><p data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1582\">Welded piping, tanks, and vessels in chemical processing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1644\"><p data-start=\"1585\" data-end=\"1644\">Heat exchangers, reactors, and high-temperature equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1645\" data-end=\"1700\"><p data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1700\">Marine and pharmaceutical equipment exposed to heat<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1705\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1722\"><strong data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1722\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"2032\">Heat treatment of <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate\/\">317<\/a> stainless steel is mainly for <strong data-start=\"1775\" data-end=\"1806\">annealing and stress relief<\/strong>, maintaining <strong data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1882\">ductility, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability<\/strong>. This ensures reliable performance in <strong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1986\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>, particularly after fabrication or welding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1656\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d07c7a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d07c7a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccd7c2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ccd7c2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"141\"><strong data-start=\"99\" data-end=\"141\">Heat Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"425\"><strong data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"166\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"220\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with good resistance to <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"295\">oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures<\/strong>. Its composition allows it to maintain mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance in moderately high-temperature environments.<\/p><hr data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"430\" \/><h3 data-start=\"432\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"473\">1. Continuous Service Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"662\"><li data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"570\"><p data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"570\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"542\">continuous use up to approximately 870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"571\" data-end=\"662\"><p data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"662\">Maintains <strong data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"631\">mechanical strength and corrosion resistance<\/strong> under sustained heat exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"667\" \/><h3 data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"701\"><strong data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"701\">2. Intermittent Exposure<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"914\"><li data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"823\"><p data-start=\"704\" data-end=\"823\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"779\">short-term or intermittent exposures up to 925\u00b0C (1700\u00b0F)<\/strong> without significant scaling or oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"914\"><p data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"914\">Suitable for components exposed to <strong data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"880\">thermal cycling<\/strong> or fluctuating high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"919\" \/><h3 data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"952\"><strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"952\">3. Oxidation Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1145\"><li data-start=\"953\" data-end=\"1041\"><p data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"1041\">Forms a stable <strong data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"994\">chromium oxide layer<\/strong> that protects against scaling and oxidation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1145\"><p data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1145\">High molybdenum content enhances <strong data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1111\">resistance to localized attack<\/strong> during high-temperature exposure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1150\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1174\"><strong data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1174\">4. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1353\"><li data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1263\"><p data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1263\">Not suitable for prolonged service at extremely high temperatures (&gt;925\u00b0C \/ 1700\u00b0F).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1353\"><p data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1353\">Susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1310\">stress corrosion cracking<\/strong> in hot chloride-containing environments.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1358\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1410\"><strong data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1410\">5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1691\"><li data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1504\"><p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1504\">Heat exchangers, boilers, and furnace components in chemical and petrochemical industries<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1542\"><p data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1542\">High-temperature piping and tanks<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1596\"><p data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1596\">Marine equipment exposed to elevated temperatures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1691\"><p data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1691\">Industrial equipment requiring moderate heat resistance combined with corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1696\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1713\"><strong data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1713\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"2083\">317 stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1767\">good heat resistance<\/strong> for continuous service up to <strong data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1806\">870\u00b0C<\/strong> and intermittent exposure up to <strong data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1848\">925\u00b0C<\/strong>, while maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"1934\" data-end=\"1992\">heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability<\/strong> makes it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2015\" data-end=\"2080\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1657\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7129aed e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7129aed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da3516 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0da3516\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"133\">Hot Working of 317 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"402\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"158\">317 stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"212\">austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel<\/strong> with good <strong data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"242\">hot workability<\/strong>. Hot working allows shaping and forming at elevated temperatures while minimizing work hardening and maintaining mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"407\" \/><h3 data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"443\"><strong data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"443\">1. Hot Working Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"624\"><li data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"508\"><p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"508\">Recommended hot working range: <strong data-start=\"477\" data-end=\"505\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C (2100\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"509\" data-end=\"624\"><p data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"624\">Proper temperature control prevents <strong data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"563\">grain growth<\/strong> and preserves corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"629\" \/><h3 data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"663\"><strong data-start=\"635\" data-end=\"663\">2. Hot Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"993\"><li data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"744\"><p data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"744\"><strong data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"682\">Hot Rolling:<\/strong> Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"824\"><p data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"824\"><strong data-start=\"747\" data-end=\"759\">Forging:<\/strong> Suitable for structural components and high-temperature parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"892\"><p data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"892\"><strong data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"841\">Extrusion:<\/strong> Enables production of rods, tubes, and profiles.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"993\"><p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"993\"><strong data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"924\">Hot Pressing and Forming:<\/strong> Useful for shaping complex geometries with minimal risk of cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"998\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1036\"><strong data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1036\">3. Advantages of Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1225\"><li data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1093\"><p data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1093\">Reduces <strong data-start=\"1047\" data-end=\"1065\">work hardening<\/strong> compared to cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1161\"><p data-start=\"1096\" data-end=\"1161\">Improves <strong data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1132\">ductility and toughness<\/strong> in the finished component.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1225\"><p data-start=\"1164\" data-end=\"1225\">Facilitates production of <strong data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1224\">large, thick, or complex parts<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1230\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1270\"><strong data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1270\">4. Post-Hot Working Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1464\"><li data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1375\"><p data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1375\"><strong data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1286\">Annealing<\/strong> may be applied to restore uniform mechanical properties and relieve residual stresses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1464\"><p data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1464\"><strong data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1405\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> improves surface corrosion resistance after hot working.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1469\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1471\" data-end=\"1517\"><strong data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1517\">5. Applications Related to Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1746\"><li data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1586\"><p data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1586\">Heat exchangers, furnace components, and high-temperature piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1661\"><p data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1661\">Structural components for petrochemical and power generation equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1746\"><p data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1746\">Industrial parts requiring high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1751\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1768\"><strong data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1768\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"2099\">317 stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1839\">excellent hot working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and complex forming at <strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1916\">1150\u2013900\u00b0C<\/strong>. Hot working reduces work hardening, enhances ductility, and enables the production of parts for <strong data-start=\"2014\" data-end=\"2096\">chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial high-temperature applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic 317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet &amp; Plate A modified version of Type 316 stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance. Type 317 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance; Its high Molybdenum content enhances the grade&#8217;s superior pitting resistance. It was designed to be a higher strength alternative to the 316 grades. Composed of larger amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, alloy 317 also is more corrosion resistant compared to 316, and tougher than Type 304. This is the due to the high percentage of iron in its composition, which is much higher than many stainless steels. This combination of iron with the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-stainless-steel-alloys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}