Aço inoxidável, Austenítico
S310H Stainless Steel (S31009) Pipe & Fittings
A high carbon modification of 310 developed for enhanced creep resistance.
Alloy 310 (UNS S31000) is an austenitic stainless steel developed for use in high temperature corrosion resistant applications. The alloy resists oxidation up to 2010°F (1100°C) under mildly cyclic conditions.
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel projetado para excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The “H” in 310H indicates a higher carbon content, which improves its creep resistance at elevated temperatures compared to standard 310 stainless steel.
This steel is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment, where it maintains mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance under prolonged exposure to heat and oxidizing environments.
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S310H Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistema / Padrão | País / Região | Grau / Designação |
| AISI | EUA | 310H |
| UNS | Internacional | S31009 |
| PT-BR / nº de série. | Europa | 1.4845 |
| Nome em Português | Europa | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | EUA | 310H (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A213 | EUA | TP310H (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | EUA | TP310H (seamless pipe) |
| ASTM A403 | EUA | WP310H (butt-weld fittings) |
| GB | China | 07Cr25Ni20 (310H type) |
| JIS | Japão | SUS310H |
Propriedades
Composição Química
S31009 Pipe
ASTM A312
| Elemento Químico | % Presente |
| Carbono (C) | 0.04 - 0.10 |
| Cromo (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Níquel (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Manganês (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Fósforo (P) | 0.00 - 0.05 |
| Enxofre (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silício (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Ferro (Fe) | Equilíbrio |
Propriedades Mecânicas
Pipe
ASTM A312
| Propriedade Mecânica | Valor |
| Tensão de Escoamento | 205 MPa |
| Resistência à Tração | 515 MPa |
| Alongamento A50 mm | 35 Min % |
Applications of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its combination of mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures makes it ideal for industrial applications exposed to heat and oxidizing environments.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment operating under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Resumo
310H stainless steel is used in applications that require high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance. Seu high-carbon, austenitic structure o torna adequado para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel known for its excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. The elevated carbon content provides improved performance in prolonged high-temperature applications, especially compared to standard 310 stainless steel.
1. High-Temperature Strength
Maintains mechanical integrity at very high temperatures.
Suitable for continuous service up to approximately 1030°C (1885°F) e exposição intermitente até 1100°C (2010°F).
Higher carbon content enhances creep resistance for prolonged high-temperature operation.
2. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Forma um stable chromium oxide layer that protects against scaling in oxidizing atmospheres.
Funciona bem em furnace, boiler, and thermal processing applications.
3. Corrosion Resistance
Boa resistência a corrosão geral in oxidizing environments.
Titanium and other stabilizing elements prevent sensitization, minimizing intergranular corrosion em componentes soldados.
4. Mechanical Properties
Excellent ductility and toughness even at elevated temperatures.
Maintains structural stability under thermal stress and high loads.
5. Fabrication and Weldability
Can be welded using conventional methods, though careful control of heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.
May require post-weld heat treatment in certain high-temperature applications.
6. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high temperatures
Industrial piping and structural parts for high-temperature service
Resumo
310H stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, creep resistance, oxidation resistance, and good weldability. Seu high-carbon, austenitic structure o torna ideal para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical processing equipment, and other industrial applications exposed to extreme heat.
Informações Adicionais
Fabricação
Fabrication of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. Fabrication techniques are similar to other austenitic stainless steels, but attention must be paid to high-temperature performance, weldability, and work hardening.
Formando
Laminação a Frio:
Can be bent, rolled, or deep-drawn, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Trabalho a Quente:
Performed at 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F) to reduce work hardening and improve formability.
Suitable for forging, rolling, and extrusion of large or complex parts.
2. Soldagem
Can be welded using TIG, MIG, SMAW, or FCAW.
High-carbon content increases the risk of sensitization in some cases; preheating and controlled heat input may be recommended.
Post-weld solution annealing can restore high-temperature properties and reduce residual stresses.
3. Usinagem
Usinabilidade é moderado, with rapid work hardening.
Usar sharp carbide tools, proper feed rates, and coolant for best results.
Suitable for industrial components requiring precision fabrication.
4. Tratamentos Pós-Fabricação
Recozimento Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers and improves corrosion resistance.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Fabricação
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial piping
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature service
Structural parts for chemical, petrochemical, and power generation industries
Resumo
310H stainless steel is highly fabricable using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Careful control of heat input, work hardening, and post-fabrication treatments ensures high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial machinery.
Soldabilidade
Weldability of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its weldability is good, but the high carbon content requires careful control of welding procedures para manter as propriedades mecânicas e resistência à corrosão.
1. Soldabilidade Geral
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW)
MIG (GMAW)
SMAW (Eletrodo Revestido)
Soldagem com Arame Tubula
Suitable for joining components in high-temperature and industrial applications.
2. Considerations for Welding
High carbon content increases the risk of sensibilização, which can lead to intergranular corrosion if exposed to corrosive environments.
Controlled heat input and preheating may be required for thick sections to minimize distortion and reduce residual stresses.
Use proper filler metals (commonly 310 or 310H) to maintain high-temperature properties and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatment
Solubilização may be applied to restore high-temperature strength and ductility.
Pickling and passivation can remove surface oxides formed during welding and improve corrosion resistance.
4. Applications Related to Weldability
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
High-temperature piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Industrial structural parts requiring welded joints for high-temperature service
Resumo
310H stainless steel has good weldability using standard techniques, but attention must be paid to carbon content, heat input, and post-weld treatments. Proper welding ensures strong, corrosion-resistant joints suitable for high-temperature industrial, chemical, and power generation applications.
Usinabilidade
Machinability of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits moderate to low machinability due to its tendency to work harden rapidly.
1. Encruamento
310H stainless steel work hardens quickly, especially during light cuts or interrupted cuts.
Excessive work hardening can cause tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Usar sharp cutting tools and proper feeds to minimize work hardening.
2. Recomendações de Ferramentas
Ferramentas de metal duro are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools may be used at lower cutting speeds.
Garantir rigid fixturing to reduce vibration and improve machining accuracy.
3. Condições de Corte
Moderate to low cutting speeds are recommended to prevent overheating.
Use adequate coolant or lubrication to dissipate heat and reduce tool wear.
Empregar proper feed rates and depth of cut to maintain surface quality.
4. Formação de Cavaco
Produz longos cavacos dúcteis due to the austenitic structure.
Usar chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Industrial components requiring high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance
Heat exchangers, boiler components, and furnace parts
Componentes de alta temperatura aeroespaciais e automotivos
Chemical processing equipment requiring precise machining
Resumo
310H stainless steel has usinabilidade moderada, with a high tendency to work harden. Using proper tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant ensures efficient machining and good surface finish. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance o torna adequado para industrial, chemical, power generation, and high-temperature applications.
Resistência à corrosão
Corrosion Resistance of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel known for its excelente resistência à corrosão, particularmente em high-temperature and oxidizing environments. Its chemical composition ensures protection against various forms of corrosion while maintaining mechanical integrity under thermal stress.
1. Resistência Geral à Corrosão
Resiste Oxidação e incrustação in air and industrial atmospheres at elevated temperatures.
Funciona bem em mild chemical environments.
Suitable for long-term exposure in industrial, chemical, and petrochemical applications.
2. High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance
Titanium stabilization and high chromium content help prevent sensibilização e corrosão intergranular after welding or heat treatment.
Pode resistir oxidizing environments at temperatures up to 1030°C (1885°F) continuous and 1100°C (2010°F) intermittent.
Forma estável camada de óxido de cromo that protects against scaling and localized attack.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Boa resistência a crevice and pitting corrosion under oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for chloride-rich environments at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boilers in chemical and petrochemical industries
Tubulações e tanques de alta temperatura
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to oxidizing gases or exhaust
Resumo
310H stainless steel offers excelente resistência à corrosão, especialmente em high-temperature and oxidizing environments. Titanium stabilization and high chromium content ensure resistance to intergranular corrosion and scaling, making 310H ideal for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to extreme heat.
Laminação a Frio
Cold Working of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com good ductility, allowing various cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through encruamento but requires careful handling due to the steel’s high-carbon and austenitic structure.
1. Processos de Trabalho para Resfriado Comum
Dobragem e Conformação: Suitable for shaping furnace parts, heat exchangers, and piping.
Rolamento: Produces sheets, strips, and coils.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for containers, trays, and intricate components.
Punching and Shearing: Applicable for industrial and chemical equipment components.
2. Encruamento
310H stainless steel o trabalho endurece rapidamente, aumentando a resistência à tração e ao escoamento durante a deformação.
Excessive cold working may reduce ductility.
Revenimento intermediário is recommended after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Considerações de Fabricação
Aplicar deformação gradual para evitar rachaduras ou sobrecarga do material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
Peças processadas a frio podem precisar alívio do estresse if used in high-temperature or structural applications.
4. Aplicações Relacionadas à Conformação a Frio
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical applications
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Resumo
310H stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working improves strength through encruamento while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Tratamento Térmico
Heat Treatment of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel projetado para aplicações de alta temperatura. Its heat treatment is primarily aimed at relieving stresses, restoring ductility, and optimizing high-temperature performance, rather than increasing hardness, as austenitic stainless steels are not hardenable by conventional heat treatment.
1. Recozimento de Solução
Propósito: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from fabrication or welding, and maintain high-temperature strength.
Faixa de temperatura: 1040–1120°C (1900–2050°F)
Refrigeração: Rapid air or water quenching to preserve corrosion resistance and prevent sensitization.
2. Alívio do estresse
Propósito: Reduce residual stresses from welding, cold working, or machining.
Faixa de temperatura: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Enhances estabilidade dimensional and reduces risk of stress-related cracking.
3. Efeitos do Tratamento Térmico
Restaura ductilidade e tenacidade in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves internal stresses, improving high-temperature performance.
Faz não aumentar significativamente a força, as 310H is not precipitation-hardenable.
4. Surface Treatment Post Heat
Decapagem ou passivação may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale or oxide layers and restore the protective chromium oxide surface.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas ao Tratamento Térmico
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Chemical, petrochemical, and power generation equipment requiring thermal stability
Resumo
Heat treatment of 310H stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, mantendo ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Resistência ao calor
Heat Resistance of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel projetado para excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its high carbon content provides enhanced creep resistance for prolonged service at elevated temperatures.
1. Temperatura de Serviço Contínuo
Suitable for continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1030°C (1885°F).
Mantém mechanical strength, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance em altas temperaturas.
Exposição Intermitente
Can withstand short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F) without significant scaling or degradation.
Adequado para componentes expostos a ciclagem térmica ou temperaturas altas flutuantes.
3. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Forma estável camada de óxido de cromo that protects against oxidation and scaling.
Titanium stabilization and high chromium content prevent sensibilização and intergranular corrosion after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Limitações
Not recommended for prolonged exposure to high-chloride environments, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Resistência ao Calor
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and thermal processing equipment
Petrochemical and chemical industry high-temperature piping and tanks
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to extreme heat
Resumo
310H stainless steel provides excellent heat resistance, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures up to 1030°C continuous and 1100°C intermittent. Its combination of oxidation resistance and high-temperature performance o torna ideal para industrial, chemical, petrochemical, and high-temperature applications.
Conformação a Quente
Hot Working of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel é um high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Hot working allows the steel to be shaped and formed at elevated temperatures while minimizing encruamento and preserving mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Temperatura Recomendada de Trabalho a Quente
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Maintaining proper temperature prevents crescimento de grão, ensures uniform mechanical properties, and preserves high-temperature performance.
2. Processos de Conformação a Quente
Laminação a Quente: Produz chapas, placas e tiras com espessura uniforme.
Forjamento: Suitable for structural and high-temperature components.
Extrusão: Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Hot Forming and Pressing: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Vantagens da Conformação a Quente
Reduz encruamento em comparação com a laminação a frio.
Melhora ductility, toughness, and formability.
Allows production of large, thick, or complex components for high-temperature service.
4. Tratamentos Pós-Trabalho a Quente
Recozimento may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Decapagem ou passivação melhora a resistência à corrosão superficial após o trabalho a quente.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Conformação a Quente
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Resumo
310H stainless steel exhibits excelentes características de conformação a quente, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working enhances ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables the production of parts for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
