Aço inoxidável, Austenítico
S310S Stainless Steel (31008) Sheet and Plate
A low carbon version of grade 310 that is less prone to embrittlement and sensitization in service.
An austenitic chromium nickel grade, Alloy 310S displays excellent oxidation resistance up to 1094°C
Alloy 310S displays excellent resistance to oxidation under mildly cyclic conditions. As a result of its high chromium and nickel content, alloy 310S has good resistance to sulphidation and other forms of hot corrosion.
Combined with its low carbon content, the metal is also effective at resisting embrittlement. The metal is commonly utilized in extreme conditions, such as furnace manufacturing and heat treating equipment.
While both hot and work practices can be applied, cold working is not commonly done on stainless steel 310S; however, it is the only way to work harden the metal. This resistance to cold temperatures is useful in cryogenic environments, as 310S is incredibly tough. However, it can be subject to thermal shock and therefore should be treated and hot-worked with care.
310S is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications where both strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment.
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S310S Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistema / Padrão | País / Região | Grau / Designação |
| AISI | EUA | 310S |
| UNS | Internacional | S31008 |
| AISI (related) | EUA | 310 (standard carbon, UNS S31000) |
| PT-BR / nº de série. | Europa | 1.4845 |
| Nome em Português | Europa | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | EUA | 310 / 310S (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | EUA | 310 / 310S (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | EUA | TP310S (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | EUA | TP310S (seamless pipe) |
| GB | China | 06Cr25Ni20 |
| JIS | Japão | SUS310S |
Propriedades
Composição Química
S31008 Plate
ASTM A240
| Elemento Químico | % Presente |
| Carbono (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Cromo (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Níquel (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Manganês (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Fósforo (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Enxofre (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silício (Si) | 0.00 - 1.50 |
| Ferro (Fe) | Equilíbrio |
Propriedades Mecânicas
Chapa e Placa
ASTM A240
| Propriedade Mecânica | Valor |
| Tensão de Escoamento | 205 MPa |
| Resistência à Tração | 515 MPa |
| Alongamento A50 mm | 40 Minutos % |
Applications of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content improves soldabilidade and minimizes the risk of sensitization, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring both high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Resumo
310S stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Seu austenitic, low-carbon structure o torna adequado para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel known for its excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content makes it particularly suitable for welding and fabrication in high-temperature environments.
1. High-Temperature Resistance
Maintains strength and structural integrity at elevated temperatures.
Resiste Oxidação e incrustação in continuous service up to approximately 1020°C (1870°F).
Suitable for intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 1100°C (2010°F).
2. Resistência à Corrosão
Good general corrosion resistance in oxidizing atmospheres.
Funciona bem em mild chemical environments.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensibilização e corrosão intergranular, especially in welded components.
3. Propriedades Mecânicas
Excellent ductility and toughness at both high and low temperatures.
Stable austenitic structure ensures consistent performance under thermal stress.
4. Fabricação e Soldabilidade
Easily fabricated and welded due to baixo teor de carbono.
Can be cold worked and formed into complex shapes without losing corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components, kilns, and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Industrial piping and storage tanks exposed to high temperatures
Componentes de alta temperatura aeroespaciais e automotivos
Resumo
310S stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Seu austenitic, low-carbon structure o torna ideal para industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications where both durability and corrosion resistance are essential.
Informações Adicionais
Fabricação
Fabrication of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel known for its excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content enhances weldability and resistance to sensitization, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes.
Formando
Laminação a Frio:
Can be bent, drawn, or rolled, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Trabalho a Quente:
Recommended temperature range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Suitable for forging, hot rolling, and extrusion of thick or complex parts.
2. Soldagem
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW e FCAW.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensibilização and intergranular corrosion.
Filler metals: Typically 310S or 310 grades to maintain corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance.
Post-weld pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface protection.
3. Usinagem
Usinabilidade é moderado, with rapid work hardening tendencies.
Usar sharp carbide tools, appropriate feed rates, and coolants for efficient cutting.
4. Tratamentos Pós-Fabricação
Recozimento Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers to restore corrosion resistance.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Fabricação
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Equipamentos para processamento químico e petroquímico
Aerospace and automotive components requiring high-temperature performance
Resumo
310S stainless steel is altamente fabricável using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Its low-carbon austenitic structure garante excelente weldability, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, tornando-o adequado para industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Soldabilidade
Weldability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Seu baixo teor de carbono enhances weldability and reduces the risk of sensitization, making it suitable for various welding processes.
1. Welding Methods
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW) – for precision and clean welds
MIG (GMAW) – for faster, efficient welding
SMAW (Stick Welding) – for general fabrication
Soldagem com Arame Tubula – suitable for thicker sections
2. Welding Considerations
Baixo teor de carbono minimiza corrosão intergranular risk after welding.
Preheating is usually não exigido, except for very thick sections to reduce distortion.
Proper filler metals (typically 310S or 310) are recommended to maintain high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatments
Solubilização is sometimes applied for high-temperature service to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
Pickling and passivation can remove oxides and enhance corrosion resistance of welded areas.
4. Applications Related to Weldability
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Equipamentos para processamento químico e petroquímico
Industrial structures exposed to high temperatures
Resumo
310S stainless steel has excelsa soldabilidade devido ao seu low-carbon austenitic structure, allowing it to be joined using conventional welding techniques. Proper welding ensures strong, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature capable joints, tornando-o adequado para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Usinabilidade
Machinability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Like most austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits usinabilidade moderada, primarily due to its high work-hardening tendency.
1. Encruamento
310S stainless steel o trabalho endurece rapidamente, especially under light cuts or interrupted machining.
Excessive work hardening can lead to tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Usar sharp cutting tools and maintain consistent feed and speed to minimize work hardening.
2. Recomendações de Ferramentas
Ferramentas de metal duro are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
Rigid workholding is recommended to reduce vibration and chatter.
3. Condições de Corte
Moderate to low cutting speeds to avoid overheating and maintain surface finish.
Adequate coolant or lubrication helps reduce heat buildup and extends tool life.
Control feed rates and depth of cut to maintain dimensional accuracy and prevent work hardening.
4. Formação de Cavaco
Produz longos cavacos dúcteis devido à sua estrutura austenítica.
Usar chip breakers or controlled cutting to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Industrial components requiring high-temperature corrosion resistance
Heat exchangers, furnace components, and boiler parts
Componentes de alta temperatura aeroespaciais e automotivos
Chemical processing equipment requiring precision machining
Resumo
310S stainless steel has usinabilidade moderada, with a tendency to work harden quickly. Using appropriate tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant, efficient machining and good surface finish can be achieved. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance o torna adequado para industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Resistência à corrosão
Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, particularmente em high-temperature environments. Its low carbon content reduces the risk of sensibilização, making it ideal for welded and high-temperature applications.
1. High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance
Excelente resistência a Oxidação e incrustação em altas temperaturas.
Can withstand continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F) e exposição intermitente até 1100°C (2010°F).
Forma estável camada de óxido de cromo that protects the surface from scaling and degradation.
2. General Corrosion Resistance
Boa resistência a mild chemical environments and oxidizing media.
Low carbon content prevents sensibilização, reducing the risk of corrosão intergranular in welded sections.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Performs well against crevice and pitting corrosion in oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for chloride-rich environments at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Componentes de alta temperatura aeroespaciais e automotivos
Resumo
310S stainless steel offers excelente resistência à corrosão, especialmente em oxidizing and high-temperature environments. Seu low-carbon, austenitic structure ensures resistance to corrosão intergranular, tornando-o ideal para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to high temperatures.
Laminação a Frio
Cold Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel com good ductility, allowing various cold working operations. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance during forming, but like other austenitic steels, it exhibits encruamento.
1. Processos de Trabalho para Resfriado Comum
Dobragem e Conformação: Suitable for sheets, trays, piping, and structural components.
Rolamento: Produces strips, sheets, and coils for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for complex shapes in furnace components or chemical equipment.
Punching and Shearing: Suitable for components requiring precision cutting.
2. Encruamento
310S stainless steel o trabalho endurece rapidamente, increasing tensile strength but reducing ductility.
Intermediate recozimento may be required after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Considerações de Fabricação
Aplicar deformação gradual para evitar rachaduras ou sobrecarga do material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
Peças processadas a frio podem precisar alívio do estresse if used in high-temperature service.
4. Aplicações Relacionadas à Conformação a Frio
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical industries
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Resumo
310S stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working increases strength through encruamento while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Tratamento Térmico
Heat Treatment of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel projetado para high-temperature and oxidizing environments. As an austenitic stainless steel, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. O tratamento térmico é usado principalmente para aliviar tensões, restaurar a ductilidade e manter a resistência à corrosão.
1. Recozimento de Solução
Propósito: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from cold working or welding, and maintain corrosion resistance.
Faixa de temperatura: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Refrigeração: Rapid air or water quenching to prevent carbide precipitation and maintain corrosion resistance.
2. Alívio do estresse
Propósito: Reduce residual stresses from welding, machining, or forming.
Faixa de temperatura: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Melhora estabilidade dimensional and reduces risk of stress-related cracking in service.
3. Efeitos do Tratamento Térmico
Restaura ductilidade e tenacidade in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves internal stresses, improving high-temperature performance.
Mantém resistência à corrosão, especially in welded components.
4. Surface Treatments Post Heat
Decapagem ou passivação may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale, oxides, or discoloration and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas ao Tratamento Térmico
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Equipamentos para processamento químico e petroquímico
Resumo
Heat treatment of 310S stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, mantendo ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Resistência ao calor
Heat Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel projetado para excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation, and scaling resistance. Its chemical composition ensures performance in continuous and intermittent high-temperature service.
1. Temperatura de Serviço Contínuo
Adequado para continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F).
Mantém mechanical strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance em altas temperaturas.
Exposição Intermitente
Tolerar short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Ideal for components subjected to thermal cycling or fluctuating high temperatures.
3. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Forma estável camada de óxido de cromo on the surface, protecting against scaling and corrosion.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensibilização e corrosão intergranular, even after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Limitações
Não recomendado para high-chloride or highly reducing environments at elevated temperatures, as stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Resistência ao Calor
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive parts exposed to extreme heat
Resumo
310S stainless steel offers excellent heat resistance, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and oxidation protection at temperatures up to 1020°C continuous e 1100°C intermittent. Seu low-carbon austenitic structure ensures reliable performance in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Conformação a Quente
Hot Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel é um low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Hot working enables shaping and forming while minimizing encruamento and maintaining the steel’s mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Temperatura Recomendada de Trabalho a Quente
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
O controle adequado de temperatura previne crescimento de grão and ensures uniform mechanical properties.
2. Processos de Conformação a Quente
Laminação a Quente: Produz chapas, placas e tiras com espessura uniforme.
Forjamento: Suitable for structural or high-temperature components.
Extrusão: Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Hot Forming and Pressing: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Vantagens da Conformação a Quente
Reduz encruamento em comparação com a laminação a frio.
Melhora ductility, toughness, and formability.
Habilita a fabricação de large, thick, or complex components suitable for high-temperature service.
4. Tratamentos Pós-Trabalho a Quente
Recozimento may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Decapagem ou passivação can enhance surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Aplicações Relacionadas à Conformação a Quente
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Resumo
310S stainless steel exhibits excelentes características de conformação a quente, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables production of components for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
