{"id":2386,"date":"2025-11-10T13:10:35","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T13:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=2386"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:33:31","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:33:31","slug":"201-201l-202-204-stainless-steel-sheet-plate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/201-201l-202-204-stainless-steel-sheet-plate\/","title":{"rendered":"201-201L-202-204 Stainless Steel Sheet &#038; Plate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2386\" class=\"elementor elementor-2386\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe649c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fe649c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50ee3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50ee3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35782fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"35782fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">201-201L-202-204 Stainless Steel Sheet &amp; Plate<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422fd19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"422fd19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The 200 series of low nickel austenitic stainless steels.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5a22d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5a22d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Traditionally only popular in the United States, the\u00a0200 series of stainless steels are becoming more popular worldwide due to the significantly\u00a0lower nickel content than the <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">300<\/a> series. As the\u00a0price of\u00a0nickel has risen, this has driven\u00a0more interest in the 200 series as a viable and cost-effective alternative.<\/p><p><strong data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"194\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"201\" data-end=\"231\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that offers a <strong data-start=\"246\" data-end=\"306\">cost-effective alternative to 300 series stainless steel<\/strong>. By using <strong data-start=\"317\" data-end=\"354\">higher manganese and lower nickel<\/strong>, it maintains good corrosion resistance, formability, and strength while reducing material costs.<\/p><p>With this increased interest, producers of stainless steels have been refining the 200 series with enhanced grades and new grades. Although typically to fulfil a specific requirement for a particular application, these new grades are often simply improvements to existing grades.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccf571a e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ccf571a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9b3c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a9b3c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c522414 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c522414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d966215 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d966215\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ec7d22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ec7d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong> PLEASE NOTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>If you do not see what you are looking for, please contact your\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">local service centre<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>with your specific requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33826b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33826b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad1172f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad1172f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AISI 201 stainless steel corresponds to the following specifications:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0696f7 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"c0696f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">UNS20100\/EN1.4372\/SUS 201\/STS 201<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f81376c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f81376c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AISI 201L stainless steel corresponds to the following specifications:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-859b906 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"859b906\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">UNS20103\/EN1.4371<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-187fa06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"187fa06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AISI 202 stainless steel corresponds to the following specifications:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efc9b0d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"efc9b0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">UNS20200\/EN1.4373\/SUS 202\/STS 202<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b383f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b383f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>AISI 204C stainless steel corresponds to the following specifications:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8e1b9a elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d8e1b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 136.967-111.033 248-248 248S8 392.967 8 256 119.033 8 256 8s248 111.033 248 248zM227.314 387.314l184-184c6.248-6.248 6.248-16.379 0-22.627l-22.627-22.627c-6.248-6.249-16.379-6.249-22.628 0L216 308.118l-70.059-70.059c-6.248-6.248-16.379-6.248-22.628 0l-22.627 22.627c-6.248 6.248-6.248 16.379 0 22.627l104 104c6.249 6.249 16.379 6.249 22.628.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">UNS20400\/EN1.4597<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8af2dc7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8af2dc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbfe54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcbfe54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7057a4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"7057a4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1170\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05eb0fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05eb0fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1e0c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a1e0c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-49\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"6\"\n           data-wpID=\"49\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        16.00 - 18.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        6.80 - 8.50                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2.00 - 5.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.25                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-49'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1171\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1779123 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1779123\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa13f1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"fa13f1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-50\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"50\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        310 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        655 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        40 min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-50'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> General Physical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1172\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96124c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96124c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d96cb12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d96cb12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-51\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"5\"\n           data-wpID=\"51\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Physical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Density                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        7.80 g\/cm\u00b3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thermal Expansion                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        17 x 10-6\/K                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Modulus of Elasticity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        200 GPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thermal Conductivity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        15 W\/m.K                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-51'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0db726c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0db726c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09d98e4 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09d98e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350dd6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"350dd6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b458884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b458884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"112\" data-end=\"162\"><strong data-start=\"116\" data-end=\"162\">Applications of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"476\"><strong data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"194\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an austenitic stainless steel with <strong data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"308\">good corrosion resistance, excellent formability, and moderate strength<\/strong>. Its lower nickel content and cost-effectiveness make it suitable for a wide range of applications, particularly where <strong data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"461\">moderate corrosion resistance<\/strong> is acceptable.<\/p><hr data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"481\" \/><h4 data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"521\"><strong data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"521\">1. Kitchenware and Appliances<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"663\"><li data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"555\"><p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"555\">Sinks, cookware, and utensils<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"612\"><p data-start=\"558\" data-end=\"612\">Refrigerators, ovens, and other household appliances<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"663\"><p data-start=\"615\" data-end=\"663\">Dish racks, trays, and food storage containers<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"668\" \/><h4 data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"723\"><strong data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"723\">2. Architectural and Decorative Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"853\"><li data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"756\"><p data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"756\">Interior and exterior panels<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"809\"><p data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"809\">Handrails, elevator panels, and decorative trims<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"853\"><p data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"853\">Ceiling panels and furniture components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"858\" \/><h4 data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"891\"><strong data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"891\">3. Automotive Industry<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"1011\"><li data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"931\"><p data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"931\">Decorative trim and interior panels<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1011\"><p data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"1011\">Non-structural components where moderate corrosion resistance is sufficient<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1013\" data-end=\"1016\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1067\"><strong data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1067\">4. Industrial and Equipment Applications<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1245\"><li data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1117\"><p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1117\">Sheet metal parts for machinery and equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1179\"><p data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1179\">Light-duty fasteners, brackets, and structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1245\"><p data-start=\"1182\" data-end=\"1245\">Protective covers and housings for non-corrosive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1250\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1295\"><strong data-start=\"1257\" data-end=\"1295\">5. Construction and Infrastructure<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1402\"><li data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1332\"><p data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1332\">Decorative railings and cladding<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1402\"><p data-start=\"1335\" data-end=\"1402\">Indoor fixtures and fittings exposed to mild corrosive conditions<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1407\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1424\"><strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1424\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1776\">200 series stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring <strong data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1565\">good formability, moderate corrosion resistance, and cost efficiency<\/strong>. It is particularly popular in <strong data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1689\">kitchenware, household appliances, architectural components, and decorative applications<\/strong>, where it serves as a <strong data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1773\">more economical alternative to 300 series stainless steel<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ccc999 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0ccc999\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d3101 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"54d3101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-036ea93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"036ea93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"168\"><strong data-start=\"119\" data-end=\"168\">Characteristics of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"484\"><strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"200\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"237\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that contains <strong data-start=\"252\" data-end=\"289\">higher manganese and lower nickel<\/strong> compared to <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/s31600-316-stainless-steel\/\">300 series<\/a>. It offers <strong data-start=\"324\" data-end=\"399\">good corrosion resistance, excellent formability, and moderate strength<\/strong>, making it a cost-effective alternative to <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a> stainless steel in many applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"489\" \/><h4 data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"535\"><strong data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"535\">1. Chemical and Mechanical Features<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"751\"><li data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"609\"><p data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"609\"><strong data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"564\">High manganese content<\/strong> replaces some of the nickel, reducing cost<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"687\"><p data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"687\"><strong data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"630\">Carbon content<\/strong> is generally higher than 304, giving moderate strength<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"751\"><p data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"751\">Good <strong data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"722\">toughness and ductility<\/strong>, suitable for cold working<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"756\" \/><h4 data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"790\"><strong data-start=\"763\" data-end=\"790\">2. Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"1028\"><li data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"860\"><p data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"860\">Resistant to <strong data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"858\">atmospheric corrosion, mild chemicals, and water<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"964\"><p data-start=\"863\" data-end=\"964\">Slightly lower corrosion resistance compared to <strong data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"925\">300 series<\/strong>, especially in chloride environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"965\" data-end=\"1028\"><p data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1028\">Suitable for indoor and mildly corrosive outdoor conditions<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1033\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1074\"><strong data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1074\">3. Formability and Fabrication<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1299\"><li data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1157\"><p data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1157\">Excellent <strong data-start=\"1087\" data-end=\"1119\">cold-forming characteristics<\/strong>: bending, drawing, and deep-drawing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1206\"><p data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1206\">Can be rolled into sheets, strips, and coils<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1299\"><p data-start=\"1209\" data-end=\"1299\">Easily welded using standard methods, though some grades may require post-weld annealing<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1301\" data-end=\"1304\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1306\" data-end=\"1339\"><strong data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1339\">4. Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1513\"><li data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1387\"><p data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1387\">Moderate strength in the annealed condition<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1466\"><p data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1466\">Can achieve higher strength through <strong data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1442\">cold working<\/strong> due to work-hardening<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1513\"><p data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1513\">Retains good toughness at low temperatures<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1518\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1547\"><strong data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1547\">5. Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1678\"><li data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1600\"><p data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1600\">Performs adequately at <strong data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1598\">moderate temperatures<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1678\"><p data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1678\">Not suitable for high-temperature or prolonged heat exposure applications<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"1683\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1711\"><strong data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1711\">6. Cost Advantage<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1941\"><li data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1839\"><p data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1839\">Reduced nickel content lowers material cost while maintaining acceptable <strong data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"1837\">corrosion resistance and mechanical properties<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1840\" data-end=\"1941\"><p data-start=\"1842\" data-end=\"1941\">Popular in <strong data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1912\">kitchenware, appliances, and architectural applications<\/strong> where cost is a key factor<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1943\" data-end=\"1946\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"1963\"><strong data-start=\"1952\" data-end=\"1963\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1964\" data-end=\"2275\">200 series stainless steel offers <strong data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2090\">good corrosion resistance, excellent formability, moderate strength, and cost efficiency<\/strong>. It is widely used in <strong data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2196\">appliances, kitchenware, automotive trim, and indoor architectural applications<\/strong>, serving as a <strong data-start=\"2211\" data-end=\"2272\">more economical alternative to 300 series stainless steel<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8799ae1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8799ae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-034606d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"034606d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-742feab elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"742feab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adef618 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"adef618\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77635d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77635d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"160\"><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"160\">Fabrication of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"440\"><strong data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"192\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"229\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> known for its <strong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"312\">excellent formability, moderate strength, and cost-effectiveness<\/strong>. Its fabrication characteristics make it suitable for <strong data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"407\">cold forming, welding, and machining<\/strong> in a wide range of applications.<\/p><hr data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"445\" \/><h4 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"471\"><strong data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"471\">1. Cold Working<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"781\"><li data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"567\"><p data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"567\"><strong data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"513\">Excellent ductility and formability<\/strong> allow deep drawing, bending, rolling, and stamping.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"659\"><p data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"659\">Can be formed into complex shapes such as sheets, strips, coils, and decorative panels.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"660\" data-end=\"781\"><p data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"781\">Work hardens faster than 300 series stainless steel, so intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"783\" data-end=\"786\" \/><h4 data-start=\"788\" data-end=\"811\"><strong data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"811\">2. Hot Working<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"1039\"><li data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"887\"><p data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"887\">Can be hot worked at <strong data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"884\">temperatures between 1200\u2013900\u00b0C (2190\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"888\" data-end=\"974\"><p data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"974\">Proper temperature control is needed to prevent grain growth or reduced toughness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"1039\"><p data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1039\">Suitable for forging, extrusion, and hot rolling operations.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1044\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1065\"><strong data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1065\">3. Welding<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1364\"><li data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1151\"><p data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1151\">Can be welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, and resistance welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1259\"><p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1259\">Low carbon content or stabilized variants reduce risk of <strong data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1228\">sensitization<\/strong> and intergranular corrosion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1364\"><p data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1364\">Post-weld annealing or passivation may be performed to restore corrosion resistance in welded areas.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1369\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1392\"><strong data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1392\">4. Machining<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1615\"><li data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1509\"><p data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1509\"><strong data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1421\">Moderate machinability<\/strong>; higher manganese content may make cutting slightly more challenging than 300 series.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1615\"><p data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1615\">Use sharp tools, proper lubrication, and controlled feed rates to avoid work hardening and tool wear.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1620\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1622\" data-end=\"1651\"><strong data-start=\"1627\" data-end=\"1651\">5. Surface Treatment<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1826\"><li data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1745\"><p data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1745\">Can be polished, brushed, or patterned for <strong data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1742\">architectural and decorative applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1746\" data-end=\"1826\"><p data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1826\">Pickling and passivation may enhance corrosion resistance after fabrication.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1831\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1848\"><strong data-start=\"1837\" data-end=\"1848\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"2174\">200 series stainless steel offers <strong data-start=\"1883\" data-end=\"1921\">excellent fabrication capabilities<\/strong>, including <strong data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"1986\">cold forming, hot working, welding, and machining<\/strong>. Its combination of <strong data-start=\"2007\" data-end=\"2067\">formability, moderate strength, and corrosion resistance<\/strong> makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2171\">kitchenware, household appliances, automotive trim, and architectural components<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6346d77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6346d77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c56defa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c56defa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"160\"><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"160\">Weldability of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"455\"><strong data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"192\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"229\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"260\">excellent weldability<\/strong>, though its higher manganese and lower nickel content require some considerations compared to 300 series stainless steel. Proper welding techniques ensure <strong data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"454\">strong, corrosion-resistant joints<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"460\" \/><h4 data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"498\"><strong data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"498\">1. Suitable Welding Methods<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"845\"><li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"595\"><p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"595\"><strong data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"541\">TIG (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, GTAW)<\/strong> \u2013 preferred for precision welding and thin sections<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"688\"><p data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"688\"><strong data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"635\">MIG (Gas Metal Arc Welding, GMAW)<\/strong> \u2013 suitable for thicker sections and faster welding<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"768\"><p data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"768\"><strong data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"728\">SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)<\/strong> \u2013 effective for structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"845\"><p data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"845\"><strong data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"793\">Resistance welding<\/strong> (spot or seam) \u2013 used for sheet metal fabrication<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"850\" \/><h4 data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"886\"><strong data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"886\">2. Welding Considerations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"1155\"><li data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"996\"><p data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"996\"><strong data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"917\">High work-hardening rate<\/strong> may cause slight cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) if not controlled.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1064\"><p data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1064\"><strong data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1039\">Preheating is generally not required<\/strong> for most applications.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1155\"><p data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1155\">Use compatible filler metals to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1160\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1187\"><strong data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1187\">3. Filler Metals<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1371\"><li data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1273\"><p data-start=\"1190\" data-end=\"1273\">Recommended filler metals: <strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1271\">matching 200 series or 300 series stainless steels<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1371\"><p data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1371\">Low-carbon or stabilized grades help <strong data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1355\">reduce risk of intergranular corrosion<\/strong> after welding<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1376\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1410\"><strong data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1410\">4. Post-Weld Treatments<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1688\"><li data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1508\"><p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1508\"><strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1433\">Stress relieving<\/strong> may be applied for heavily welded components to reduce internal stresses<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1586\"><p data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1586\"><strong data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1539\">Pickling and passivation<\/strong> improve corrosion resistance of welded areas<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1688\"><p data-start=\"1589\" data-end=\"1688\">For applications requiring higher corrosion resistance, consider <strong data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1686\">post-weld solution annealing<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1693\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1718\"><strong data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1718\">5. Limitations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1979\"><li data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1806\"><p data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1806\">Slightly lower corrosion resistance compared to 300 series in chloride environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1914\"><p data-start=\"1809\" data-end=\"1914\">High manganese content can slightly reduce <strong data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1874\">weld pool fluidity<\/strong>, requiring careful heat input control<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1915\" data-end=\"1979\"><p data-start=\"1917\" data-end=\"1979\">Cold-working before welding may increase hardness in the HAZ<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69d420 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a69d420\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-013a2ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"013a2ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"164\"><strong data-start=\"117\" data-end=\"164\">Machinability of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"458\"><strong data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"196\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"233\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"239\" data-end=\"265\">moderate machinability<\/strong>. Its higher manganese and lower nickel content compared to 300 series stainless steel affect its cutting characteristics. Proper machining techniques are required to achieve optimal results.<\/p><hr data-start=\"460\" data-end=\"463\" \/><h4 data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"498\"><strong data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"498\">1. General Machinability<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"797\"><li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"584\"><p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"584\">Machinability is <strong data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"530\">moderate<\/strong>, generally slightly lower than 304 stainless steel.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"585\" data-end=\"710\"><p data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"710\">Tends to <strong data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"611\">work harden<\/strong> rapidly during cutting, which can lead to tool wear and surface finish issues if not controlled.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"797\"><p data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"797\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"769\">turning, milling, drilling, and tapping<\/strong> with appropriate tooling.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"802\" \/><h4 data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"839\"><strong data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"839\">2. Tooling Recommendations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"1056\"><li data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"916\"><p data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"916\">Use <strong data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"883\">sharp, high-quality cutting tools<\/strong> (carbide or high-speed steel).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"968\"><p data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"968\">Maintain <strong data-start=\"928\" data-end=\"943\">rigid setup<\/strong> to minimize vibration.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1056\"><p data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1056\">Apply <strong data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1027\">adequate cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut<\/strong> to prevent work hardening.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1058\" data-end=\"1061\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1098\"><strong data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1098\">3. Cooling and Lubrication<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1249\"><li data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1180\"><p data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1180\">Use <strong data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1133\">cutting fluid or coolant<\/strong> to reduce heat buildup and extend tool life.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1249\"><p data-start=\"1183\" data-end=\"1249\">Proper lubrication improves surface finish and prevents galling.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1254\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1297\"><strong data-start=\"1261\" data-end=\"1297\">4. Work-Hardening Considerations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1510\"><li data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1370\"><p data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1370\">Cold working or previous forming increases hardness in the material.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1439\"><p data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1439\">Avoid repeated cuts in the same area to prevent rapid tool wear.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1510\"><p data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1510\">Light finishing passes are recommended to achieve smooth surfaces.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1515\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1562\"><strong data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1562\">5. Applications Related to Machining<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1810\"><li data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1661\"><p data-start=\"1565\" data-end=\"1661\">Components requiring <strong data-start=\"1586\" data-end=\"1609\">precision machining<\/strong>, such as fasteners, brackets, and appliance parts<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1727\"><p data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1727\">Sheet metal forming followed by light machining for finishing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1810\"><p data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1810\">Industrial and decorative parts where <strong data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1794\">moderate machinability<\/strong> is acceptable<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1812\" data-end=\"1815\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1817\" data-end=\"1832\"><strong data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1832\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"2134\">200 series stainless steel has <strong data-start=\"1864\" data-end=\"1890\">moderate machinability<\/strong>, influenced by its <strong data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1960\">high work-hardening rate and manganese content<\/strong>. Using <strong data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"2018\">sharp tools, proper speeds, feeds, and cooling<\/strong>, it can be efficiently machined for <strong data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2131\">appliances, architectural, automotive, and light industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84ef644 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84ef644\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01b8df0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01b8df0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"120\" data-end=\"178\"><strong data-start=\"124\" data-end=\"178\">Corrosion Resistance of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"180\" data-end=\"470\"><strong data-start=\"180\" data-end=\"210\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"247\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"282\">good corrosion resistance<\/strong> in many environments. While slightly lower than 300 series due to its reduced nickel content, it still performs well in <strong data-start=\"403\" data-end=\"469\">indoor, mild outdoor, and non-aggressive chemical environments<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"475\" \/><h4 data-start=\"477\" data-end=\"517\"><strong data-start=\"482\" data-end=\"517\">1. General Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"760\"><li data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"594\"><p data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"594\">Resists <strong data-start=\"528\" data-end=\"553\">atmospheric corrosion<\/strong> in indoor and mild outdoor conditions.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"679\"><p data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"679\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"676\">household appliances, kitchenware, and decorative applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"760\"><p data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"760\">Forms a protective <strong data-start=\"701\" data-end=\"725\">chromium oxide layer<\/strong> that prevents surface oxidation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"765\" \/><h4 data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"802\"><strong data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"802\">2. Resistance to Chlorides<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"966\"><li data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"900\"><p data-start=\"805\" data-end=\"900\">Moderate resistance to <strong data-start=\"828\" data-end=\"861\">pitting and crevice corrosion<\/strong> in chloride-containing environments.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"966\"><p data-start=\"903\" data-end=\"966\">Not recommended for <strong data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"963\">marine or highly saline environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"971\" \/><h4 data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1008\"><strong data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"1008\">3. Intergranular Corrosion<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1191\"><li data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1113\"><p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1113\">May be susceptible to <strong data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1060\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong> if welded without low-carbon or stabilized grades.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1191\"><p data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1191\">Using <strong data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1170\">200 series low-carbon or stabilized variants<\/strong> reduces this risk.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1196\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1229\"><strong data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1229\">4. Chemical Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1430\"><li data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1342\"><p data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1342\">Resistant to <strong data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1271\">mild acids and alkalis<\/strong>, such as those found in household and light industrial environments.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1430\"><p data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1430\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"1358\" data-end=\"1384\">food contact equipment<\/strong> where aggressive chemicals are not present.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1435\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1493\"><strong data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1493\">5. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1664\"><li data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1537\"><p data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1537\">Kitchen sinks, cookware, and appliances<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1538\" data-end=\"1597\"><p data-start=\"1540\" data-end=\"1597\">Interior architectural panels and decorative components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1598\" data-end=\"1664\"><p data-start=\"1600\" data-end=\"1664\">Light-duty industrial equipment in non-aggressive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1666\" data-end=\"1669\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1686\"><strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1686\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"2050\">200 series stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1752\">good corrosion resistance<\/strong> in indoor, mild outdoor, and non-aggressive chemical environments. While slightly less resistant than 300 series, it is suitable for <strong data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1963\">appliances, kitchenware, architectural, and light industrial applications<\/strong>, offering a <strong data-start=\"1976\" data-end=\"2047\">cost-effective balance between corrosion resistance and performance<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1214\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1214\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1214\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34e1976 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34e1976\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81d8ab6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81d8ab6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"112\" data-end=\"162\"><strong data-start=\"116\" data-end=\"162\">Cold Working of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"443\"><strong data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"194\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"201\" data-end=\"231\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"276\">excellent ductility and formability<\/strong>, making it highly suitable for cold working processes. Cold working improves mechanical strength through <strong data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"400\">work hardening<\/strong> while retaining good corrosion resistance.<\/p><hr data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"448\" \/><h4 data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"491\"><strong data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"491\">1. Common Cold Working Processes<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"821\"><li data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"577\"><p data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"577\"><strong data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"506\">Rolling:<\/strong> Sheets, strips, and coils can be cold-rolled to precise thicknesses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"661\"><p data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"661\"><strong data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"604\">Bending and Forming:<\/strong> Ideal for panels, trims, brackets, and complex shapes.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"662\" data-end=\"742\"><p data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"742\"><strong data-start=\"664\" data-end=\"681\">Deep Drawing:<\/strong> Suitable for sinks, kitchenware, and appliance components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"821\"><p data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"821\"><strong data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"771\">Stamping and Punching:<\/strong> Works well for industrial and decorative parts.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"823\" data-end=\"826\" \/><h4 data-start=\"828\" data-end=\"854\"><strong data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"854\">2. Work Hardening<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"1147\"><li data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"936\"><p data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"936\">Cold working increases <strong data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"919\">yield strength and tensile strength<\/strong> significantly.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"1036\"><p data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"1036\">High work-hardening rate allows for <strong data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"1005\">strong, durable components<\/strong> without additional alloying.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1147\"><p data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1147\">Overworking may reduce ductility, so <strong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1102\">intermediate annealing<\/strong> may be required for extensive deformation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1152\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1192\"><strong data-start=\"1159\" data-end=\"1192\">3. Fabrication Considerations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1473\"><li data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1259\"><p data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1259\">Cold working should be done <strong data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1236\">gradually<\/strong> to prevent cracking.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1345\"><p data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1345\">Sharp tooling and proper lubrication improve surface finish and reduce tool wear.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1473\"><p data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1473\">Cold-worked components may require <strong data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1413\">stress relief or annealing<\/strong> for applications requiring uniform mechanical properties.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1478\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1528\"><strong data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1528\">4. Applications Related to Cold Working<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1743\"><li data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1568\"><p data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1568\">Kitchenware: sinks, trays, cookware<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1626\"><p data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1626\">Appliance components: refrigerator panels, oven trays<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1627\" data-end=\"1684\"><p data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1684\">Architectural panels, decorative trims, and furniture<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1743\"><p data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1743\">Automotive parts: interior panels, trims, and brackets<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1748\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1765\"><strong data-start=\"1754\" data-end=\"1765\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1766\" data-end=\"2091\">200 series stainless steel has <strong data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1839\">excellent cold working characteristics<\/strong>, allowing it to be <strong data-start=\"1859\" data-end=\"1899\">rolled, bent, formed, and deep-drawn<\/strong> into complex shapes. Cold working enhances strength while maintaining good corrosion resistance, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2017\" data-end=\"2088\">kitchenware, appliances, architectural, and automotive applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1215\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1215\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1215\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f7fc95 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f7fc95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a770187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a770187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"114\" data-end=\"166\"><strong data-start=\"118\" data-end=\"166\">Heat Treatment of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"549\"><strong data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"198\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"235\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that is generally <strong data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"303\">non-hardenable by conventional heat treatment<\/strong>. Its mechanical properties are primarily controlled through <strong data-start=\"364\" data-end=\"380\">cold working<\/strong> rather than heat treatment. However, heat treatment processes are sometimes used for <strong data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"518\">stress relief, annealing, or restoring ductility<\/strong> after extensive fabrication.<\/p><hr data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"554\" \/><h4 data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"577\"><strong data-start=\"561\" data-end=\"577\">1. Annealing<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"850\"><li data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"669\"><p data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"669\">Performed to <strong data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"616\">soften the material<\/strong>, relieve internal stresses, and restore ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"753\"><p data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"753\">Typical annealing temperature: <strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"732\">1010\u20131120\u00b0C (1850\u20132050\u00b0F)<\/strong> for austenitizing.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"850\"><p data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"850\">Rapid cooling (water quenching or air cooling) is used to preserve the austenitic structure.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"855\" \/><h4 data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"882\"><strong data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"882\">2. Stress Relief<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"1122\"><li data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"957\"><p data-start=\"885\" data-end=\"957\">Applied after cold working or welding to reduce <strong data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"954\">residual stresses<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1032\"><p data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1032\">Temperatures are typically in the range of <strong data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1029\">450\u2013650\u00b0C (840\u20131200\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1122\"><p data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1122\">Helps prevent distortion and improves dimensional stability in fabricated components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1127\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1129\" data-end=\"1154\"><strong data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1154\">3. Stabilization<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1337\"><li data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1260\"><p data-start=\"1157\" data-end=\"1260\">Unlike 321 or 347 stainless steel, 200 series does <strong data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1257\">not require niobium or titanium stabilization<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1261\" data-end=\"1337\"><p data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1337\">Low-carbon variants reduce the risk of <strong data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1319\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1342\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1344\" data-end=\"1381\"><strong data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1381\">4. Effects of Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1580\"><li data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1438\"><p data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1438\">Restores <strong data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1406\">ductility<\/strong> after extensive cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1490\"><p data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1490\">Reduces <strong data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1461\">hardness<\/strong> induced by work hardening.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1580\"><p data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1580\">Does not significantly increase strength through conventional quenching or tempering.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1585\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1637\"><strong data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"1637\">5. Applications Related to Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1852\"><li data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1722\"><p data-start=\"1640\" data-end=\"1722\">Cold-worked kitchenware, appliances, and decorative panels needing stress relief<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1780\"><p data-start=\"1725\" data-end=\"1780\">Welded components requiring <strong data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1778\">dimensional stability<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1852\"><p data-start=\"1783\" data-end=\"1852\">Formed industrial parts where <strong data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1840\">residual stress removal<\/strong> is needed<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1857\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1859\" data-end=\"1874\"><strong data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"1874\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1875\" data-end=\"2285\">200 series stainless steel is <strong data-start=\"1905\" data-end=\"1952\">primarily strengthened through cold working<\/strong>. Heat treatment is generally used for <strong data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2022\">annealing and stress relief<\/strong> to restore ductility and reduce residual stresses. It does not respond to conventional hardening, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2218\">kitchenware, appliances, architectural, and light industrial applications<\/strong> where moderate strength and corrosion resistance are sufficient.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1216\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1216\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1216\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b816b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e0b816b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d8746d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d8746d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"168\"><strong data-start=\"119\" data-end=\"168\">Heat Resistance of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"489\"><strong data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"200\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"237\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"243\" data-end=\"271\">moderate heat resistance<\/strong>. While it performs well at elevated temperatures, it is not designed for prolonged exposure to very high temperatures or highly oxidizing environments like 300 series or stabilized stainless steels (e.g., 321, 347).<\/p><hr data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"494\" \/><h4 data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"538\"><strong data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"538\">1. Continuous Service Temperature<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"718\"><li data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"613\"><p data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"613\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"554\" data-end=\"610\">continuous service up to approximately 425\u00b0C (800\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"718\"><p data-start=\"616\" data-end=\"718\">Prolonged exposure above this temperature may reduce corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"720\" data-end=\"723\" \/><h4 data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"758\"><strong data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"758\">2. Intermittent Exposure<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"924\"><li data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"849\"><p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"849\">Can withstand <strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"821\">intermittent exposure up to 870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"924\"><p data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"924\">Extended exposure may lead to <strong data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"906\">scaling or oxidation<\/strong> on the surface.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"929\" \/><h4 data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"963\"><strong data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"963\">3. Oxidation Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1143\"><li data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1067\"><p data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1067\">Forms a protective <strong data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1009\">chromium oxide layer<\/strong> at elevated temperatures, reducing surface degradation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1143\"><p data-start=\"1070\" data-end=\"1143\">Resistance is adequate for indoor and moderate industrial applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1148\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1173\"><strong data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1173\">4. Limitations<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1465\"><li data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1248\"><p data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1248\">Not suitable for <strong data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1245\">high-temperature chemical or marine environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1358\"><p data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1358\">Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility, may <strong data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1355\">degrade under prolonged high heat<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1465\"><p data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1465\">Unlike stabilized grades, it does not resist <strong data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1430\">intergranular attack<\/strong> during high-temperature service.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1470\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1523\"><strong data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1523\">5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1828\"><li data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1598\"><p data-start=\"1526\" data-end=\"1598\">Kitchen appliances exposed to heat, such as ovens and stove components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1658\"><p data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1658\">Industrial equipment operating at moderate temperatures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1659\" data-end=\"1721\"><p data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1721\">Architectural components and panels in heated environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1828\"><p data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1828\">Light-duty machinery or equipment requiring heat tolerance but not extreme high-temperature resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1830\" data-end=\"1833\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1850\"><strong data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1850\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"2255\">200 series stainless steel offers <strong data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1913\">moderate heat resistance<\/strong>, suitable for continuous service up to <strong data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"1970\">425\u00b0C (800\u00b0F)<\/strong> and intermittent exposure up to <strong data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2021\">870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong>. It is ideal for <strong data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2108\">appliances, architectural components, and industrial applications<\/strong> where moderate heat resistance is sufficient but does not require the high-temperature performance of 300 series or stabilized stainless steels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1217\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1217\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1217\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c082921 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c082921\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b3205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0b3205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"160\"><strong data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"160\">Hot Working of 200 Series Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"424\"><strong data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"192\">200 series stainless steel<\/strong> is an <strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"229\">austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"235\" data-end=\"276\">excellent hot working characteristics<\/strong>. Hot working processes allow shaping and forming of the steel at elevated temperatures while maintaining ductility and minimizing work hardening.<\/p><hr data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"429\" \/><h4 data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"466\"><strong data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"466\">1. Hot Working Temperature<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"626\"><li data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"533\"><p data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"533\">Suitable for hot working between <strong data-start=\"502\" data-end=\"530\">1200\u2013900\u00b0C (2190\u20131650\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"626\"><p data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"626\">Proper temperature control is critical to prevent <strong data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"623\">grain growth or reduced toughness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"631\" \/><h4 data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"666\"><strong data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"666\">2. Hot Working Processes<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"1008\"><li data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"750\"><p data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"750\"><strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"685\">Hot Rolling:<\/strong> Sheets, plates, and strips can be rolled to desired thickness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"829\"><p data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"829\"><strong data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"765\">Forging:<\/strong> Suitable for producing structural components and heavy parts.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"909\"><p data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"909\"><strong data-start=\"832\" data-end=\"846\">Extrusion:<\/strong> Can form tubes, rods, and profiles at elevated temperatures.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"910\" data-end=\"1008\"><p data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"1008\"><strong data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"941\">Hot Pressing and Forming:<\/strong> Allows shaping complex components with reduced risk of cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1013\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1052\"><strong data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1052\">3. Advantages of Hot Working<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1053\" data-end=\"1260\"><li data-start=\"1053\" data-end=\"1109\"><p data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1109\">Reduces <strong data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1081\">work hardening<\/strong> compared to cold working.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1177\"><p data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1177\">Improves <strong data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1148\">ductility and toughness<\/strong> in the finished component.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1260\"><p data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1260\">Enables the production of <strong data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1230\">large, complex parts<\/strong> that cannot be formed cold.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1265\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1267\" data-end=\"1306\"><strong data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1306\">4. Post-Hot Working Treatments<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1492\"><li data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1411\"><p data-start=\"1309\" data-end=\"1411\"><strong data-start=\"1309\" data-end=\"1322\">Annealing<\/strong> may be applied to restore uniform mechanical properties and relieve residual stresses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1492\"><p data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1492\"><strong data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1442\">Pickling and passivation<\/strong> improve corrosion resistance after hot working.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1497\" \/><h4 data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1546\"><strong data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1546\">5. Applications Related to Hot Working<\/strong><\/h4><ul data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1791\"><li data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1629\"><p data-start=\"1549\" data-end=\"1629\">Structural components in appliances, machinery, and light industrial equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1704\"><p data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1704\">Sheets, plates, and strips for <strong data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1702\">architectural and decorative panels<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1791\"><p data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"1791\">Automotive trim, brackets, and supports requiring shaping at elevated temperatures<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1793\" data-end=\"1796\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1798\" data-end=\"1813\"><strong data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1813\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"2184\">200 series stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"1850\" data-end=\"1887\">excellent hot working performance<\/strong>, allowing for rolling, forging, extrusion, and complex forming at <strong data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"1968\">1200\u2013900\u00b0C<\/strong>. Hot working reduces work hardening, enhances ductility, and enables production of large or intricate parts, making it suitable for <strong data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2181\">appliances, industrial equipment, architectural, and automotive applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic 201-201L-202-204 Stainless Steel Sheet &amp; Plate The 200 series of low nickel austenitic stainless steels. Traditionally only popular in the United States, the\u00a0200 series of stainless steels are becoming more popular worldwide due to the significantly\u00a0lower nickel content than the 300 series. As the\u00a0price of\u00a0nickel has risen, this has driven\u00a0more interest in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2425,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-stainless-steel-alloys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2386\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}