{"id":2614,"date":"2025-11-14T08:42:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T08:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2025-12-17T11:25:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T03:25:40","slug":"304l-stainless-steel-s30403","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304l-stainless-steel-s30403\/","title":{"rendered":"304L Stainless Steel (S30403)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2614\" class=\"elementor elementor-2614\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e207ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e207ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9764f16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9764f16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stainless Steel, Austenitic\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce3d04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cce3d04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">304L Stainless Steel  (S30403)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1734dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1734dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Low carbon chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a65fc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a65fc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stainless steel types 1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18\/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304l-stainless-steel-s30403\/\"><strong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"153\">304L stainless steel<\/strong> <\/a>is a <strong data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"215\">low-carbon variant of 304 austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>. It is known for its <strong data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"325\">excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and superior weldability<\/strong>, particularly in applications where <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"396\">post-weld corrosion resistance<\/strong> is critical.<\/p><p>Type 304L is the low carbon version of <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a>. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as \u201cdual certified\u201d material that meets the criteria for both <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/304-stainless-steel-s30400\/\">304<\/a> and 304L.<\/p><p>Quarto Plate is hot rolled plate over 12mm thick that has not been coiled during production. CPP is continuously produced plate up to 12mm thick that has been coiled during rolling. Sheet is cold rolled.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5e674 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7f5e674\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0486002 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0486002\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">TALK TO AN EXPERT<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f391d elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"94f391d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDOWNLOAD PDF\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c2d89f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6c2d89f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b48b5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b48b5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Range\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5af37d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5af37d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-108\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"6\"\n           data-wpID=\"108\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Bar & Tube                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Imperial Sizes                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Metric Sizes                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Round Bar                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3\" - 16\"                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-empty-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                                            <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Flat Bar                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-empty-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                                            <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        20 x 10mm - 100 x 25mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Welded Ornamental Tube                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1\u20442\" - 4\"                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        30mm - 50mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Welded Tube                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1\/\"2 - 2\"                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        16mm - 50mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hygienic Tube                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3\u20444\u00a0\" - 4\"                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-empty-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                                            <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-108'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2f45cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"d2f45cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-109\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"16\"\n           data-wpID=\"109\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sheet\/Plate                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sheet Size                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thicknesses                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished Sheet                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2000 x 1000                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.7mm - 3.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished Sheet                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2500 x 1250                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.7mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished Sheet                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3000 x 1500                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.0mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished Sheet (Circle)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2500 x 1250                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.7mm - 1.5mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sheet Cold Rolled                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2500 x 1250                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4.0mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sheet Cold Rolled                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3000 x 1500                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4.0mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sheet Cold Rolled                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4000 x 2000                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2.0mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CPP Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2000 x 1000                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.0mm - 6.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CPP Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2500 x 1250                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.0mm - 12.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CPP Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3000 x 1500                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3.0mm - 12.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CPP Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4000 x 1500                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        10.0mm - 12.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CPP Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4000 x 2000                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2.0mm - 12.0mm                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Quarto Plate ID Finish                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        5\" - 125\"                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-empty-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                                            <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-merged-cell  remove-borders \"\n                     colspan=\"3\"  rowspan=\"1\"                     data-cell-id=\"A15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished sheet sizes are for mirror and super mirror finishes.                    <\/td>\n                                                                <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  wpdt-merged-cell  remove-borders \"\n                     colspan=\"3\"  rowspan=\"1\"                     data-cell-id=\"A16\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"15\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Polished Sheet options available: 240 Silicon, 240 Grit and various coating including Fiber Optic Laser for one or two sides.                    <\/td>\n                                                                <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-109'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-753580d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"753580d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><strong> PLEASE NOTE<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>If you do not see what you are looking for, please contact your\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/contact\/\">local service centre<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>with your specific requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a246bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a246bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">304L Stainless Steel Related Specifications\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ebf8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"6ebf8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-186\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"12\"\n           data-wpID=\"186\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        System \/ Standard                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Country \/ Region                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-FF1100 wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Grade \/ Designation                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AISI                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        304L                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UNS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        International                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        S30403                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN \/ W.Nr.                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1.4307                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        EN Name                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Europe                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        X2CrNi18-9                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A240                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        304L (plate, sheet, strip)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A276                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        304L (bars, shapes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A213                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP304L (boiler \/ HX tubes)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ASTM A312                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        USA                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        TP304L (seamless pipe)                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GB                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        China                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        022Cr19Ni10                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        JIS                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Japan                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SUS304L                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AFNOR                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        France                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Z2CN18-10                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-186'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-FF1100 { background-color: #FF1100 !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98c2b1c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"98c2b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2c833 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba2c833\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Properties\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a211bd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a211bd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Chemical Composition <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1690\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97928f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97928f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a0241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"39a0241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-110\">1.4307 Steel<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-110\">EN 10088-3 &amp; EN 10088-2<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-110\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"10\"\n           data-wpID=\"110\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chemical Element                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        % Present                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Carbon (C)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.03                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium (Cr)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        17.50 - 19.50                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Manganese (Mn)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 2.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Silicon (Si)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 1.00                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phosphorous (P)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.05                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Sulphur (S)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.02                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nickel (Ni)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        8.00 - 10.50                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Nitrogen (N)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.00 - 0.11                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Iron (Fe)                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Balance                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-110'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Mechanical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1691\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f6e4d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f6e4d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76c5c8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"76c5c8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-111\">Bar &amp; Section Up to 160mm Diameter\/Thickness<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-111\">EN 10088-3<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-111\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"5\"\n           data-wpID=\"111\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        175 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        500 to 700 MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        45 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hardness Brinell                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        215 Max HB                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-111'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f51ca1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f51ca1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-112\">Sheet Up to 8mm Thick<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-112\">EN 10088-2<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-112\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"112\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        220 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        520 to 700 MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        45 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-112'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f57d7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"1f57d7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n    <h3 class=\"wpdt-c\"\n        id=\"wdt-table-title-113\">Plate From 8mm to 75mm Thick<\/h3>\n    <p class=\"wpdt-c\"\n       id=\"wdt-table-description-113\">EN 10088-2<\/p>\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-113\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"4\"\n           data-wpID=\"113\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mechanical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Proof Stress                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        200 Min MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tensile Strength                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        500 to 700 MPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Elongation A50 mm                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        45 Min %                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-113'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> General Physical Properties <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1692\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da6b496 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da6b496\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb3ddc elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"4eb3ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-114\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"7\"\n           data-wpID=\"114\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Physical Property                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bc-0D015E wpdt-tc-FFFFFF wpdt-bold remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Value                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Density                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        8.0 g\/cm\u00b3                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Melting Point                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1450 \u00b0C                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thermal Expansion                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        17.2 x 10-6\/K                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Modulus of Elasticity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        193 GPa                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row even remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Thermal Conductivity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        16.2 W\/m.K                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row odd remove-borders \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Electrical Resistivity                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell  remove-borders \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0.72 x 10-6\u00a0\u03a9 .m                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-114'>\n\/* \u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c {\n    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n}\n\n\/* \u4ec5\u8868\u5934\u5706\u89d2 *\/\n.wpdt-c thead th:first-child {\n    border-top-left-radius: 8px;\n}\n\n.wpdt-c thead th:last-child {\n    border-top-right-radius: 8px;\n}.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > tbody > tr > td{ border: none !important; }\n.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable > thead > tr > th{ border: none !important; }\n.wpdt-bc-0D015E { background-color: #0D015E !important;}\n.wpdt-tc-FFFFFF { color: #FFFFFF !important;}\n<\/style>\n<style>\n                    \/* th font color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable.bt[data-has-header='1'] td.wpdt-header-classes,\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable thead th,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th {\n        color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting:after,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_asc:after {\n        border-bottom-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable thead th.sorting_desc:after {\n        border-top-color: #000000 !important;\n    }\n\n        \n                    \/* even rows background color *\/\n    .wpdt-c.wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpdtSimpleTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.wpDataTable tr.even td,\n    .wpdt-c .wpDataTablesWrapper table.has-columns-hidden tr.row-detail > td {\n        background-color: #FDF6F6 !important;\n    }\n\n                                                                                    \n                <\/style>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae25207 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ae25207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b68295 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b68295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6094c10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6094c10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e130dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e130dbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"127\"><strong data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"127\">Applications of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"407\"><strong data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"153\">304L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"200\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> known for its <strong data-start=\"215\" data-end=\"291\">excellent corrosion resistance, high ductility, and superior weldability<\/strong>. Its low carbon content makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"335\" data-end=\"404\">welded components and equipment exposed to corrosive environments<\/strong>.<\/p><hr data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"412\" \/><h3 data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"460\"><strong data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"460\">1. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"461\" data-end=\"585\"><li data-start=\"461\" data-end=\"499\"><p data-start=\"463\" data-end=\"499\">Storage tanks and pressure vessels<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"550\"><p data-start=\"502\" data-end=\"550\">Piping systems for acids and corrosive liquids<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"585\"><p data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"585\">Heat exchangers and condensers<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"590\" \/><h3 data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"629\"><strong data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"629\">2. Food and Beverage Industry<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"790\"><li data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"674\"><p data-start=\"632\" data-end=\"674\">Food processing equipment and containers<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"675\" data-end=\"723\"><p data-start=\"677\" data-end=\"723\">Brewing, dairy, and pharmaceutical machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"790\"><p data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"790\">Tanks, pipelines, and fittings requiring <strong data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"788\">hygienic surfaces<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"792\" data-end=\"795\" \/><h3 data-start=\"797\" data-end=\"849\"><strong data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"849\">3. Architectural and Decorative Applications<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"965\"><li data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"882\"><p data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"882\">Cladding and exterior panels<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"928\"><p data-start=\"885\" data-end=\"928\">Handrails, trims, and decorative fixtures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"965\"><p data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"965\">Kitchen and household appliances<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"970\" \/><h3 data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1019\"><strong data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"1019\">4. Medical and Pharmaceutical Equipment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1135\"><li data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1064\"><p data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1064\">Surgical instruments and medical devices<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1097\"><p data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1097\">Sterile processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1098\" data-end=\"1135\"><p data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1135\">Laboratory benches and components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1137\" data-end=\"1140\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1176\"><strong data-start=\"1146\" data-end=\"1176\">5. Industrial Applications<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1356\"><li data-start=\"1177\" data-end=\"1235\"><p data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1235\">Pumps, valves, and fasteners in corrosive environments<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1282\"><p data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1282\">Components in wastewater treatment systems<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1356\"><p data-start=\"1285\" data-end=\"1356\">General manufacturing equipment exposed to moisture or mild chemicals<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1358\" data-end=\"1361\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1378\"><strong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1378\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">304L stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring <strong data-start=\"1441\" data-end=\"1515\">excellent corrosion resistance, high weldability, and good formability<\/strong>. Its ability to <strong data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1580\">resist intergranular corrosion after welding<\/strong> makes it ideal for <strong data-start=\"1600\" data-end=\"1678\">chemical, food, pharmaceutical, architectural, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c040f75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c040f75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a139660 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a139660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aff6086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aff6086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"90\" data-end=\"133\">Characteristics of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"412\"><strong data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"159\">304L stainless steel<\/strong> is a <strong data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"221\">low-carbon variant of 304 austenitic stainless steel<\/strong>, offering <strong data-start=\"232\" data-end=\"320\">excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and enhanced weldability<\/strong>. It is widely used in applications where <strong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"396\">post-weld corrosion resistance<\/strong> is important.<\/p><hr data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"417\" \/><h3 data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"450\"><strong data-start=\"423\" data-end=\"450\">1. Chemical Composition<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"665\"><li data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"528\"><p data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"528\">Low carbon content (\u22640.03%) to minimize <strong data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"510\">sensitization<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"587\"><p data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"587\">Contains <strong data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"561\">chromium (18\u201320%)<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"584\">nickel (8\u201312%)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"665\"><p data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"665\">Trace elements enhance <strong data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"662\">corrosion resistance and mechanical stability<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"670\" \/><h3 data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"703\"><strong data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"703\">2. Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"704\" data-end=\"954\"><li data-start=\"704\" data-end=\"787\"><p data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"787\">Excellent resistance to <strong data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"784\">oxidation, general corrosion, and mild acid attack<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"788\" data-end=\"884\"><p data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"884\">Resistant to <strong data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"844\">intergranular corrosion after welding<\/strong>, unlike standard 304 stainless steel.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"885\" data-end=\"954\"><p data-start=\"887\" data-end=\"954\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"951\">food, chemical, and pharmaceutical environments<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"959\" \/><h3 data-start=\"961\" data-end=\"993\"><strong data-start=\"965\" data-end=\"993\">3. Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1177\"><li data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1043\"><p data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1043\">Good <strong data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1040\">tensile strength and yield strength<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1044\" data-end=\"1107\"><p data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1107\">High <strong data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1078\">ductility and toughness<\/strong>, even at low temperatures.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1177\"><p data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1177\">Maintains excellent properties over a wide range of temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1182\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1222\"><strong data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1222\">4. Fabrication and Formability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1427\"><li data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1282\"><p data-start=\"1225\" data-end=\"1282\">Excellent <strong data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1279\">cold working and forming characteristics<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1369\"><p data-start=\"1285\" data-end=\"1369\">Can be <strong data-start=\"1292\" data-end=\"1309\">welded easily<\/strong> with minimal risk of corrosion in the heat-affected zone.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1427\"><p data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1427\">Suitable for <strong data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1424\">deep drawing, bending, and stamping<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1429\" data-end=\"1432\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1476\"><strong data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1476\">5. Heat and Temperature Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1610\"><li data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1529\"><p data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1529\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1526\">moderate heat applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1530\" data-end=\"1610\"><p data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1610\">Retains strength and corrosion resistance under normal service temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1612\" data-end=\"1615\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1640\"><strong data-start=\"1621\" data-end=\"1640\">6. Applications<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1838\"><li data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1688\"><p data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1688\">Food processing equipment and storage tanks<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1730\"><p data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1730\">Chemical and pharmaceutical equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1774\"><p data-start=\"1733\" data-end=\"1774\">Architectural and decorative components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1775\" data-end=\"1838\"><p data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1838\">Piping, valves, and tanks requiring <strong data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1836\">high weld integrity<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1840\" data-end=\"1843\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1860\"><strong data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"1860\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1861\" data-end=\"2161\">304L stainless steel is characterized by <strong data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"2006\">excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, high ductility, and superior weldability<\/strong>. Its low carbon content ensures <strong data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2073\">post-weld corrosion protection<\/strong>, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2095\" data-end=\"2158\">chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217628a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"217628a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fee692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fee692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional Information\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e68d22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2e68d22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4860\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4860\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Weldability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4860\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a1bc85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7a1bc85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fe0584 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5fe0584\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"85\" data-end=\"127\"><strong data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"127\">Weldability of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"457\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"196\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that offers <strong data-start=\"209\" data-end=\"234\">excellent weldability<\/strong>. The reduced carbon content (&lt;0.03%) minimizes the risk of <strong data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"311\">sensitization<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"343\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong> in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) after welding, making 304L ideal for welded assemblies in corrosive environments.<\/p><hr data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"462\" \/><h3 data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"503\"><strong data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"503\">1. Compatible Welding Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"504\" data-end=\"833\"><li data-start=\"504\" data-end=\"569\"><p data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"569\"><strong data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"521\">TIG (GTAW):<\/strong> Ideal for precision welding of thin sections.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"653\"><p data-start=\"572\" data-end=\"653\"><strong data-start=\"572\" data-end=\"587\">MIG (GMAW):<\/strong> Common for thicker sections and high-productivity applications.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"740\"><p data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"740\"><strong data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"694\">Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW):<\/strong> Suitable for field and maintenance welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"833\"><p data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"833\"><strong data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"766\">Resistance Welding:<\/strong> Spot and seam welding are effective for sheet and thin components.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"838\" \/><h3 data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"874\"><strong data-start=\"844\" data-end=\"874\">2. Carbon Content Benefits<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"1101\"><li data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"963\"><p data-start=\"877\" data-end=\"963\">The <strong data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"903\">low carbon content<\/strong> reduces the likelihood of chromium carbide precipitation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"964\" data-end=\"1101\"><p data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1101\">Prevents <strong data-start=\"975\" data-end=\"992\">sensitization<\/strong> in welded or heat-affected zones, maintaining corrosion resistance without the need for post-weld annealing.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1103\" data-end=\"1106\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1144\"><strong data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1144\">3. Filler Material Selection<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1348\"><li data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1266\"><p data-start=\"1147\" data-end=\"1266\">Matching filler metals such as <strong data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1188\">ER308L<\/strong> are recommended to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1267\" data-end=\"1348\"><p data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1348\">Low-carbon fillers are preferred for thicker sections or critical applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1353\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1355\" data-end=\"1391\"><strong data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1391\">4. Heat Input and Distortion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1679\"><li data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1503\"><p data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1503\">Austenitic stainless steels, including 304L, have <strong data-start=\"1444\" data-end=\"1470\">high thermal expansion<\/strong>, which can lead to distortion.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1600\"><p data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1600\">Moderate heat input and proper welding sequence help minimize warping and residual stresses.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1679\"><p data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1679\">Fixturing and tack welding can further reduce distortion during fabrication.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1681\" data-end=\"1684\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1716\"><strong data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1716\">5. Post-Weld Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1717\" data-end=\"1945\"><li data-start=\"1717\" data-end=\"1820\"><p data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1820\"><strong data-start=\"1719\" data-end=\"1766\">Post-weld annealing is usually not required<\/strong> for corrosion resistance due to low carbon content.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1821\" data-end=\"1945\"><p data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1945\">Stress relief may be applied in critical applications where dimensional stability or high-temperature service is required.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"1950\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1952\" data-end=\"1998\"><strong data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1998\">6. Applications Leveraging Weldability<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1999\" data-end=\"2166\"><li data-start=\"1999\" data-end=\"2041\"><p data-start=\"2001\" data-end=\"2041\">Chemical and food processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2081\"><p data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2081\">Pressure vessels and piping systems<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2110\"><p data-start=\"2084\" data-end=\"2110\">Architectural structures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2166\"><p data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2166\">Heat exchangers and tanks requiring welded assemblies<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2168\" data-end=\"2171\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2188\"><strong data-start=\"2177\" data-end=\"2188\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2523\">304L stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2244\">excellent weldability<\/strong> due to its low carbon content, enabling strong, corrosion-resistant welds without the need for extensive post-weld heat treatment. Proper filler selection, heat control, and welding technique ensure reliable performance in industrial, chemical, and architectural applications.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4861\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4861\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fabrication <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4861\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48916ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48916ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea4eb18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea4eb18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"85\" data-end=\"127\"><strong data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"127\">Fabrication of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"366\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"196\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> widely used for its excellent <strong data-start=\"227\" data-end=\"281\">corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability<\/strong>. It is highly versatile and can be fabricated using standard metalworking processes.<\/p><hr data-start=\"368\" data-end=\"371\" \/><h3 data-start=\"373\" data-end=\"391\"><strong data-start=\"377\" data-end=\"391\">1. Forming<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"860\"><li data-start=\"392\" data-end=\"647\"><p data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"413\"><strong data-start=\"394\" data-end=\"411\">Cold Forming:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"647\"><li data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"529\"><p data-start=\"418\" data-end=\"529\">304L has <strong data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"457\">excellent cold formability<\/strong>, making it suitable for bending, rolling, stamping, and deep drawing.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"532\" data-end=\"647\"><p data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"647\">Work hardening occurs during deformation, so <strong data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"605\">intermediate annealing<\/strong> may be necessary for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"860\"><p data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"668\"><strong data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"666\">Hot Forming:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"671\" data-end=\"860\"><li data-start=\"671\" data-end=\"774\"><p data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"774\">Hot working can be performed at <strong data-start=\"705\" data-end=\"734\">1010\u20131175\u00b0C (1850\u20132150\u00b0F)<\/strong> to shape thick or complex components.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"860\"><p data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"860\">Produces uniform mechanical properties and reduces the effects of work hardening.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"865\" \/><h3 data-start=\"867\" data-end=\"898\"><strong data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"898\">2. Cutting and Shearing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"1072\"><li data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"969\"><p data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"969\">Can be cut using shears, saws, laser cutting, or waterjet cutting.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"1072\"><p data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1072\">Sharp tools and proper feeds are recommended to minimize <strong data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1047\">work hardening<\/strong> and ensure smooth edges.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1074\" data-end=\"1077\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1079\" data-end=\"1099\"><strong data-start=\"1083\" data-end=\"1099\">3. Machining<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1330\"><li data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1197\"><p data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1197\">304L is <strong data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1145\">moderately difficult to machine<\/strong> due to its toughness and tendency to work harden.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1258\"><p data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1258\"><strong data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1219\">Carbide tooling<\/strong> is preferred for high-speed cutting.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1330\"><p data-start=\"1261\" data-end=\"1330\">Coolants and cutting fluids help control heat and extend tool life.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1335\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1355\"><strong data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1355\">4. Welding<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1687\"><li data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1433\"><p data-start=\"1358\" data-end=\"1433\">304L exhibits <strong data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1397\">excellent weldability<\/strong> thanks to its low carbon content.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1522\"><p data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1522\">Prevents chromium carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion in welded areas.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1598\"><p data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1598\">Common processes: TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), SMAW, and resistance welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1687\"><p data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1687\">Filler metals such as <strong data-start=\"1623\" data-end=\"1633\">ER308L<\/strong> are recommended for maintaining corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1692\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1694\" data-end=\"1717\"><strong data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1717\">5. Cold Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1910\"><li data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1773\"><p data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1773\">Cold working increases strength via work hardening.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1774\" data-end=\"1910\"><p data-start=\"1776\" data-end=\"1910\">Extensive deformation reduces ductility, so <strong data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1842\">solution annealing<\/strong> may be performed to restore formability for subsequent fabrication.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"1915\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1917\" data-end=\"1945\"><strong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1945\">6. Surface Finishing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2165\"><li data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2054\"><p data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"2054\">Can be supplied in various finishes, including <strong data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2051\">2B (mill finish), BA (bright annealed), and polished<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2165\"><p data-start=\"2057\" data-end=\"2165\">Cold working may require additional finishing to achieve desired surface aesthetics or corrosion resistance.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2167\" data-end=\"2170\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2218\"><strong data-start=\"2176\" data-end=\"2218\">7. Applications Leveraging Fabrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2400\"><li data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2261\"><p data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2261\">Chemical and food processing equipment<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2309\"><p data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2309\">Pressure vessels, piping systems, and tanks<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2310\" data-end=\"2360\"><p data-start=\"2312\" data-end=\"2360\">Architectural panels and structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2361\" data-end=\"2400\"><p data-start=\"2363\" data-end=\"2400\">Heat exchangers and welded assemblies<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2402\" data-end=\"2405\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2407\" data-end=\"2422\"><strong data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2422\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2423\" data-end=\"2761\">304L stainless steel is <strong data-start=\"2447\" data-end=\"2489\">highly versatile and easy to fabricate<\/strong>, offering excellent cold and hot formability, machining, and welding properties. Its low carbon content ensures corrosion resistance is maintained during welding and forming, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2685\" data-end=\"2758\">industrial, chemical, architectural, and food processing applications<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4862\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4862\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Hot Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4862\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5c9021 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5c9021\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9da2849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9da2849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"85\" data-end=\"127\"><strong data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"127\">Hot Working of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"129\" data-end=\"413\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"196\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with excellent <strong data-start=\"212\" data-end=\"231\">hot workability<\/strong>, allowing it to be formed, rolled, or forged at elevated temperatures. Hot working reduces work hardening and improves ductility, toughness, and uniformity in mechanical properties.<\/p><hr data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"418\" \/><h3 data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"466\"><strong data-start=\"424\" data-end=\"466\">1. Recommended Hot Working Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"667\"><li data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"515\"><p data-start=\"469\" data-end=\"515\">Typical range: <strong data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"513\">1010\u20131175\u00b0C (1850\u20132150\u00b0F)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"516\" data-end=\"592\"><p data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"592\">Working above this range may cause <strong data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"569\">grain growth<\/strong>, reducing toughness.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"667\"><p data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"667\">Working below this range increases flow stress and the risk of cracking.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"672\" \/><h3 data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"715\"><strong data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"715\">2. Suitable Hot Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"996\"><li data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"790\"><p data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"790\"><strong data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"734\">Hot Rolling:<\/strong> For sheets, plates, strips, and structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"853\"><p data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"853\"><strong data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"809\">Hot Forging:<\/strong> For high-strength or complex-shaped parts<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"906\"><p data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"906\"><strong data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"874\">Hot Extrusion:<\/strong> For rods, tubes, and profiles<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"907\" data-end=\"996\"><p data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"996\"><strong data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"934\">Hot Pressing\/Forming:<\/strong> For thick or large components that are difficult to cold-work<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1001\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1039\"><strong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1039\">3. Advantages of Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1283\"><li data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1110\"><p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1110\">Reduces the effects of <strong data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1083\">work hardening<\/strong> compared to cold working<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1111\" data-end=\"1151\"><p data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1151\">Enhances <strong data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1149\">ductility and toughness<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1152\" data-end=\"1218\"><p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1218\">Produces <strong data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1190\">uniform grain structure<\/strong> and mechanical properties<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1219\" data-end=\"1283\"><p data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1283\">Enables fabrication of <strong data-start=\"1244\" data-end=\"1283\">large, thick, or complex components<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1285\" data-end=\"1288\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1290\" data-end=\"1328\"><strong data-start=\"1294\" data-end=\"1328\">4. Post-Hot Working Treatments<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1329\" data-end=\"1500\"><li data-start=\"1329\" data-end=\"1413\"><p data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1413\"><strong data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1344\">Annealing<\/strong> may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1500\"><p data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1500\"><strong data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1443\">Pickling or passivation<\/strong> enhances surface corrosion resistance after hot working.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1502\" data-end=\"1505\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1553\"><strong data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1553\">5. Applications Leveraging Hot Working<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1750\"><li data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1603\"><p data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1603\">Structural components in industrial machinery<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1638\"><p data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1638\">Automotive and aerospace parts<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1670\"><p data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1670\">Pressure vessels and piping<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1750\"><p data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1750\">Large sheets, plates, or complex forms requiring elevated-temperature shaping<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1755\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1772\"><strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1772\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1773\" data-end=\"2123\">304L stainless steel demonstrates <strong data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1836\">excellent hot workability<\/strong>, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and forming at <strong data-start=\"1891\" data-end=\"1906\">1010\u20131175\u00b0C<\/strong>. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and ensures uniform mechanical properties while preserving corrosion resistance, making it ideal for industrial, structural, and high-performance applications.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4863\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4863\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4863\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a5867 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e0a5867\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f43b8ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f43b8ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"89\" data-end=\"135\"><strong data-start=\"92\" data-end=\"135\">Heat Resistance of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"423\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"204\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with good <strong data-start=\"215\" data-end=\"246\">high-temperature properties<\/strong>, suitable for service in moderately elevated temperatures. Its low carbon content minimizes <strong data-start=\"339\" data-end=\"356\">sensitization<\/strong> and maintains corrosion resistance during prolonged heat exposure.<\/p><hr data-start=\"425\" data-end=\"428\" \/><h3 data-start=\"430\" data-end=\"471\"><strong data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"471\">1. Continuous Service Temperature<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"682\"><li data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"559\"><p data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"559\">Suitable for continuous service in <strong data-start=\"509\" data-end=\"556\">oxidizing atmospheres up to ~870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"682\"><p data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"682\">Prolonged exposure to temperatures above this range may lead to <strong data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"647\">oxidation scaling<\/strong> and reduced mechanical properties.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"687\" \/><h3 data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"721\"><strong data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"721\">2. Intermittent Exposure<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"882\"><li data-start=\"722\" data-end=\"818\"><p data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"818\">Can tolerate <strong data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"783\">intermittent heating up to ~925\u00b0C (1700\u00b0F)<\/strong> without significant degradation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"819\" data-end=\"882\"><p data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"882\">Useful for components subjected to occasional thermal cycles.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"887\" \/><h3 data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"920\"><strong data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"920\">3. Oxidation Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"1167\"><li data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"994\"><p data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"994\">Forms a <strong data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"966\">protective chromium oxide layer<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"995\" data-end=\"1074\"><p data-start=\"997\" data-end=\"1074\">Prevents scaling and surface deterioration in moderate temperature service.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1167\"><p data-start=\"1077\" data-end=\"1167\">Not suitable for strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing environments at very high temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1172\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1225\"><strong data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1225\">4. Thermal Effects on Mechanical Properties<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1477\"><li data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1308\"><p data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1308\">Maintains good <strong data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1277\">tensile strength and ductility<\/strong> up to moderate temperatures.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1309\" data-end=\"1403\"><p data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1403\">Prolonged exposure to high heat may reduce work-hardening effects in cold-worked material.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1404\" data-end=\"1477\"><p data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1477\">Grain growth can occur if improperly annealed at elevated temperatures.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1482\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1484\" data-end=\"1534\"><strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1534\">5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1758\"><li data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1577\"><p data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1577\">Heat exchangers and furnace components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1636\"><p data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1636\">Tanks and piping exposed to moderate high temperatures<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1703\"><p data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1703\">Food and chemical processing equipment requiring heat exposure<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1758\"><p data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1758\">Welded assemblies operating at elevated temperatures<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1760\" data-end=\"1763\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1813\"><strong data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"1813\">6. Comparison to Other Austenitic Grades<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"2062\"><li data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1928\"><p data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1928\">Heat resistance is <strong data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1862\">slightly lower than 321<\/strong> or 347 stainless steels for long-term high-temperature service.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2062\"><p data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"2062\">304L is chosen for applications emphasizing <strong data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2015\">corrosion resistance and weldability<\/strong> rather than extreme high-temperature strength.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2067\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2084\"><strong data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2084\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2408\">304L stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2139\">good heat resistance<\/strong>, suitable for continuous service up to ~870\u00b0C and intermittent exposure up to ~925\u00b0C. Its low carbon content preserves corrosion resistance and prevents sensitization, making it ideal for <strong data-start=\"2328\" data-end=\"2405\">welded assemblies and moderately high-temperature industrial applications<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4864\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4864\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Machinability <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4864\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25fa4eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25fa4eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e42885f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e42885f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"131\"><strong data-start=\"90\" data-end=\"131\">Machinability of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"133\" data-end=\"448\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"200\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that is <strong data-start=\"209\" data-end=\"244\">moderately difficult to machine<\/strong>. Its toughness, work-hardening tendency, and low thermal conductivity require careful selection of tooling, cutting parameters, and cooling methods to achieve efficient machining and good surface finish.<\/p><hr data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"453\" \/><h3 data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"489\"><strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"489\">1. Work-Hardening Behavior<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"732\"><li data-start=\"490\" data-end=\"597\"><p data-start=\"492\" data-end=\"597\">304L exhibits <strong data-start=\"506\" data-end=\"524\">work hardening<\/strong> during cutting, especially when using slow feed rates or worn tooling.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"669\"><p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"669\">Hardened surfaces increase cutting forces and accelerate tool wear.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"732\"><p data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"732\">Continuous and smooth cutting helps minimize work-hardening.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"737\" \/><h3 data-start=\"739\" data-end=\"773\"><strong data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"773\">2. Tooling Recommendations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"1007\"><li data-start=\"774\" data-end=\"852\"><p data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"852\"><strong data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"795\">Carbide tooling<\/strong> is preferred for high-speed and high-volume machining.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"926\"><p data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"926\"><strong data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"881\">High-speed steel (HSS)<\/strong> tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"1007\"><p data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"1007\">Tools with <strong data-start=\"940\" data-end=\"964\">positive rake angles<\/strong> reduce cutting forces and heat generation.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1012\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1049\"><strong data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1049\">3. Cutting Speeds and Feeds<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1210\"><li data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1111\"><p data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1111\">Slower cutting speeds than carbon steels are recommended.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1112\" data-end=\"1210\"><p data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1210\">Use moderate to heavy feeds to maintain continuous chip flow and prevent local work-hardening.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1215\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1251\"><strong data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1251\">4. Cooling and Lubrication<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1483\"><li data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1360\"><p data-start=\"1254\" data-end=\"1360\">Austenitic stainless steels have <strong data-start=\"1287\" data-end=\"1315\">low thermal conductivity<\/strong>, causing heat buildup at the cutting zone.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1483\"><p data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1483\">Flood coolant, cutting oils, or high-pressure lubricants help reduce heat, extend tool life, and improve surface finish.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1488\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1490\" data-end=\"1515\"><strong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1515\">5. Chip Formation<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1683\"><li data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1594\"><p data-start=\"1518\" data-end=\"1594\">Chips are usually <strong data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1557\">tough and stringy<\/strong>, which can be difficult to remove.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1683\"><p data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1683\">Use chip breakers or specially designed inserts to manage chip evacuation effectively.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1688\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1715\"><strong data-start=\"1694\" data-end=\"1715\">6. Surface Finish<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1918\"><li data-start=\"1716\" data-end=\"1811\"><p data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1811\">Good surface finishes are achievable with sharp tools, proper feeds, and effective cooling.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1812\" data-end=\"1918\"><p data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1918\">Avoid dwelling or pauses on the workpiece, as these can create hardened spots and reduce finish quality.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"1923\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1925\" data-end=\"1940\"><strong data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"1940\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"2313\">304L stainless steel has <strong data-start=\"1966\" data-end=\"1992\">moderate machinability<\/strong>, requiring <strong data-start=\"2004\" data-end=\"2070\">sharp tools, controlled cutting parameters, and proper cooling<\/strong> to counteract work-hardening and achieve high-quality finished components. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance in welded and machined parts, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and food-processing applications.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4865\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4865\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Corrosion Resistance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4865\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b895164 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b895164\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d740be8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d740be8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"145\"><strong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"145\">Corrosion Resistance of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"448\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"214\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> known for its <strong data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"263\">excellent corrosion resistance<\/strong> in a wide range of environments. Its low carbon content minimizes <strong data-start=\"330\" data-end=\"364\">chromium carbide precipitation<\/strong> during welding, maintaining corrosion resistance in welded and heat-affected areas.<\/p><hr data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"453\" \/><h3 data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"494\"><strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"494\">1. General Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"729\"><li data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"605\"><p data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"605\">Resists <strong data-start=\"505\" data-end=\"540\">oxidation and general corrosion<\/strong> in atmospheric, industrial, and mildly corrosive environments.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"729\"><p data-start=\"608\" data-end=\"729\">Performs well in <strong data-start=\"625\" data-end=\"676\">food, chemical, and pharmaceutical applications<\/strong> where hygiene and corrosion resistance are critical.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"731\" data-end=\"734\" \/><h3 data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"784\"><strong data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"784\">2. Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"1034\"><li data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"868\"><p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"868\">Low carbon (&lt;0.03%) prevents <strong data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"850\">chromium carbide precipitation<\/strong> during welding.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"957\"><p data-start=\"871\" data-end=\"957\">Protects against <strong data-start=\"888\" data-end=\"905\">sensitization<\/strong> in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and welded areas.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1034\"><p data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1034\">Eliminates the need for post-weld solution annealing in most applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1036\" data-end=\"1039\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1075\"><strong data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1075\">3. Resistance to Chlorides<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1336\"><li data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1210\"><p data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1210\">Moderately resistant to <strong data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1152\">chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion<\/strong>, though less resistant than Mo-bearing grades like 316.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1211\" data-end=\"1336\"><p data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1336\">Suitable for freshwater, mild saltwater, and general chemical exposure, but not for highly concentrated chloride solutions.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1341\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1380\"><strong data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1380\">4. High-Temperature Corrosion<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1606\"><li data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1455\"><p data-start=\"1383\" data-end=\"1455\">Continuous service up to <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1427\">~870\u00b0C (1600\u00b0F)<\/strong> in oxidizing atmospheres.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1456\" data-end=\"1507\"><p data-start=\"1458\" data-end=\"1507\">Intermittent service up to <strong data-start=\"1485\" data-end=\"1504\">~925\u00b0C (1700\u00b0F)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1606\"><p data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1606\">Low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance in high-temperature welding applications.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1611\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1613\" data-end=\"1668\"><strong data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1668\">5. Applications Leveraging Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1890\"><li data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1751\"><p data-start=\"1671\" data-end=\"1751\">Pressure vessels, tanks, and piping in chemical and food-processing industries<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1812\"><p data-start=\"1754\" data-end=\"1812\">Architectural structures and cladding exposed to weather<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1844\"><p data-start=\"1815\" data-end=\"1844\">Heat exchangers and boilers<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1890\"><p data-start=\"1847\" data-end=\"1890\">Welded assemblies in corrosive environments<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1892\" data-end=\"1895\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1897\" data-end=\"1945\"><strong data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"1945\">6. Comparison to Other Austenitic Grades<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2216\"><li data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2030\"><p data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"2030\">Better resistance to intergranular corrosion than 304 due to low carbon content.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2103\"><p data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2103\">Slightly lower chloride resistance than <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/s31600-316-stainless-steel\/\">316<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/zhss.org\/metals\/stainless-steel\/commercial-stainless-steel-alloys\/317-stainless-steel-s31700-sheet-plate\/\">317 stainless steels<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2216\"><p data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2216\">Preferred for welded assemblies and environments where corrosion resistance and weldability are both critical.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2218\" data-end=\"2221\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2238\"><strong data-start=\"2227\" data-end=\"2238\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2584\">304L stainless steel provides <strong data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2329\">excellent general and intergranular corrosion resistance<\/strong>, particularly in welded structures, thanks to its low carbon content. It is suitable for a broad range of <strong data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2509\">industrial, chemical, food-processing, and architectural applications<\/strong>, combining durability, hygiene, and reliability in corrosive environments.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4866\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4866\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Treatment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4866\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3360aa1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3360aa1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa98b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa98b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"133\"><strong data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"133\">Heat Treatment of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"420\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"202\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> that is <strong data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"245\">not hardened by heat treatment<\/strong>. Instead, heat treatment is used primarily to <strong data-start=\"292\" data-end=\"375\">restore ductility, relieve residual stresses, and maintain corrosion resistance<\/strong>, particularly after cold working or welding.<\/p><hr data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"425\" \/><h3 data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"456\"><strong data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"456\">1. Solution Annealing<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"895\"><li data-start=\"457\" data-end=\"616\"><p data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"473\"><strong data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"471\">Purpose:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"616\"><li data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"516\"><p data-start=\"478\" data-end=\"516\">Restore ductility after cold working<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"519\" data-end=\"548\"><p data-start=\"521\" data-end=\"548\">Relieve residual stresses<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"616\"><p data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"616\">Dissolve any chromium carbides formed during improper heating<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"669\"><p data-start=\"619\" data-end=\"669\"><strong data-start=\"619\" data-end=\"641\">Temperature Range:<\/strong> 1010\u20131120\u00b0C (1850\u20132050\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"756\"><p data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"756\"><strong data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"684\">Cooling:<\/strong> Rapid air or water quenching to maintain a fully austenitic structure<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"895\"><p data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"772\"><strong data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"770\">Effect:<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"895\"><li data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"834\"><p data-start=\"777\" data-end=\"834\">Returns mechanical properties to the annealed condition<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"895\"><p data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"895\">Maintains corrosion resistance due to low carbon content<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"900\" \/><h3 data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"926\"><strong data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"926\">2. Stress Relief<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"1190\"><li data-start=\"927\" data-end=\"1002\"><p data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"1002\"><strong data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"941\">Purpose:<\/strong> Reduce residual stresses from forming, bending, or welding<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1052\"><p data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1052\"><strong data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1027\">Temperature Range:<\/strong> 450\u2013650\u00b0C (840\u20131200\u00b0F)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1053\" data-end=\"1190\"><p data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1190\"><strong data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1066\">Effect:<\/strong> Minimizes distortion and reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking without significantly altering mechanical properties<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1195\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1197\" data-end=\"1244\"><strong data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1244\">3. Cold-Worked Condition Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1419\"><li data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1305\"><p data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1305\">Cold working increases strength but decreases ductility.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1306\" data-end=\"1419\"><p data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1419\"><strong data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1343\">Intermediate solution annealing<\/strong> may be performed to restore formability for subsequent fabrication steps.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1424\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1426\" data-end=\"1461\"><strong data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1461\">4. Post-Weld Heat Treatment<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1462\" data-end=\"1662\"><li data-start=\"1462\" data-end=\"1551\"><p data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1551\"><strong data-start=\"1464\" data-end=\"1488\">Usually not required<\/strong> for corrosion resistance due to low carbon content (&lt;0.03%).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1662\"><p data-start=\"1554\" data-end=\"1662\">Stress relief annealing may be applied in <strong data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1661\">critical high-temperature or dimension-sensitive applications<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1667\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1669\" data-end=\"1691\"><strong data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1691\">5. Limitations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1906\"><li data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1803\"><p data-start=\"1694\" data-end=\"1803\">Heat treatment does <strong data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1753\">not significantly increase hardness<\/strong>; 304L relies on cold working for strengthening.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1906\"><p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1906\">Prolonged exposure to temperatures above ~500\u00b0C may slightly reduce cold work strengthening effects.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1908\" data-end=\"1911\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1913\" data-end=\"1928\"><strong data-start=\"1917\" data-end=\"1928\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2257\">Heat treatment of 304L stainless steel is primarily for <strong data-start=\"1985\" data-end=\"2063\">stress relief, ductility restoration, and maintaining corrosion resistance<\/strong>. Solution annealing and controlled stress relief ensure optimal mechanical and chemical performance, making 304L ideal for <strong data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2256\">welded, cold-worked, and moderately high-temperature applications<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-4867\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-4867\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Cold Working <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-4867\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ccb865 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ccb865\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28744fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28744fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"129\"><strong data-start=\"89\" data-end=\"129\">Cold Working of 304L Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/h2><p data-start=\"131\" data-end=\"379\">304L stainless steel is a <strong data-start=\"157\" data-end=\"198\">low-carbon austenitic stainless steel<\/strong> with excellent <strong data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"246\">cold-working characteristics<\/strong>. Cold working increases <strong data-start=\"271\" data-end=\"296\">strength and hardness<\/strong> through work hardening, while maintaining good corrosion resistance and ductility.<\/p><hr data-start=\"381\" data-end=\"384\" \/><h3 data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"420\"><strong data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"420\">1. Work-Hardening Behavior<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"619\"><li data-start=\"421\" data-end=\"510\"><p data-start=\"423\" data-end=\"510\">304L <strong data-start=\"428\" data-end=\"468\">work-hardens during cold deformation<\/strong>, increasing tensile and yield strength.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"619\"><p data-start=\"513\" data-end=\"619\">Excessive cold working reduces ductility, so intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"621\" data-end=\"624\" \/><h3 data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"666\"><strong data-start=\"630\" data-end=\"666\">2. Common Cold Working Processes<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"912\"><li data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"714\"><p data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"714\"><strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"681\">Rolling:<\/strong> For sheets, strips, and plates<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"758\"><p data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"758\"><strong data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"729\">Drawing:<\/strong> For wires, tubes, and rods<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"834\"><p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"834\"><strong data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"785\">Bending and Forming:<\/strong> For clips, brackets, and structural components<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"912\"><p data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"912\"><strong data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"867\">Stamping and Deep Drawing:<\/strong> For intricate parts or industrial components<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"917\" \/><h3 data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"959\"><strong data-start=\"923\" data-end=\"959\">3. Mechanical Properties Control<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1161\"><li data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1049\"><p data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1049\">Cold working allows adjustment of <strong data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1046\">tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1050\" data-end=\"1161\"><p data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1161\">Extensive cold working may necessitate <strong data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1113\">solution annealing<\/strong> to restore ductility before further processing.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1166\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1209\"><strong data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1209\">4. Effect on Corrosion Resistance<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1465\"><li data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1351\"><p data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1351\">304L\u2019s low carbon content prevents <strong data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1281\">chromium carbide precipitation<\/strong>, maintaining corrosion resistance even after significant cold work.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1352\" data-end=\"1465\"><p data-start=\"1354\" data-end=\"1465\">Unlike standard 304, 304L is highly resistant to <strong data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1430\">intergranular corrosion<\/strong> in welded or heavily worked areas.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1470\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1510\"><strong data-start=\"1476\" data-end=\"1510\">5. Post-Forming Considerations<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1763\"><li data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1641\"><p data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1641\">Solution annealing may be applied for <strong data-start=\"1551\" data-end=\"1594\">stress relief and restoring formability<\/strong> if multiple cold-forming steps are required.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1763\"><p data-start=\"1644\" data-end=\"1763\">Cold working may induce slight <strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1688\">magnetism<\/strong> due to minor martensitic transformation, but this is typically negligible.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1768\" \/><h3 data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1814\"><strong data-start=\"1774\" data-end=\"1814\">6. Applications Leveraging Cold Work<\/strong><\/h3><ul data-start=\"1815\" data-end=\"2029\"><li data-start=\"1815\" data-end=\"1848\"><p data-start=\"1817\" data-end=\"1848\">Springs, clips, and fasteners<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1849\" data-end=\"1900\"><p data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1900\">Structural components requiring higher strength<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"1959\"><p data-start=\"1903\" data-end=\"1959\">Tubes, rods, and wire for chemical and food processing<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"2029\"><p data-start=\"1962\" data-end=\"2029\">Components requiring formability combined with corrosion resistance<\/p><\/li><\/ul><hr data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2034\" \/><h3 data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2051\"><strong data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2051\">Summary<\/strong><\/h3><p data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2388\">304L stainless steel exhibits <strong data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2119\">excellent cold-working properties<\/strong>, allowing increased strength through work hardening while maintaining corrosion resistance. Proper management of deformation and intermediate annealing ensures high-quality, durable components for <strong data-start=\"2317\" data-end=\"2387\">industrial, chemical, food-processing, and structural applications<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1681\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stainless Steel, Austenitic 304L Stainless Steel (S30403) Low carbon chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. Stainless steel types 1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18\/8 which is derived from the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2615,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-stainless-steel-alloys"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhss.org\/uz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}