Thép không gỉ, loại austenit
S310H Stainless Steel (S31009) Pipe & Fittings
A high carbon modification of 310 developed for enhanced creep resistance.
Alloy 310 (UNS S31000) is an austenitic stainless steel developed for use in high temperature corrosion resistant applications. The alloy resists oxidation up to 2010°F (1100°C) under mildly cyclic conditions.
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The “H” in 310H indicates a higher carbon content, which improves its khả năng chống trượt at elevated temperatures compared to standard 310 stainless steel.
This steel is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment, where it maintains mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance under prolonged exposure to heat and oxidizing environments.
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S310H Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Hệ thống / Tiêu chuẩn | Quốc gia / Khu vực | Cấp bậc / Chức danh |
| AISI | Hoa Kỳ | 310H |
| UNS | Quốc tế | S31009 |
| EN / Số hiệu. | Châu Âu | 1.4845 |
| Tên (tiếng Anh) | Châu Âu | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | Hoa Kỳ | 310H (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A213 | Hoa Kỳ | TP310H (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | Hoa Kỳ | TP310H (seamless pipe) |
| ASTM A403 | Hoa Kỳ | WP310H (butt-weld fittings) |
| Anh | Trung Quốc | 07Cr25Ni20 (310H type) |
| JIS | Nhật Bản | SUS310H |
Thuộc tính
Thành phần hóa học
S31009 Pipe
ASTM A312
| Nguyên tố hóa học | Quà tặng % |
| Cacbon (C) | 0.04 - 0.10 |
| Crom (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Niken (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Phốt pho (P) | 0.00 - 0.05 |
| Lưu huỳnh (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silic (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Sắt (Fe) | Cân bằng |
Tính chất cơ học
Pipe
ASTM A312
| Tính chất cơ học | Giá trị |
| Áp suất giới hạn | 205 MPa |
| Độ bền kéo | 515 MPa |
| Độ giãn dài tại 50 mm | 35 Min % |
Applications of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its combination of mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures makes it ideal for industrial applications exposed to heat and oxidizing environments.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment operating under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel is used in applications that require high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance. Nó high-carbon, austenitic structure makes it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel nổi tiếng với excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. The elevated carbon content provides improved performance in prolonged high-temperature applications, especially compared to standard 310 stainless steel.
1. High-Temperature Strength
Maintains mechanical integrity at very high temperatures.
Suitable for continuous service up to approximately 1030°C (1885°F) và tiếp xúc không liên tục lên đến 1100°C (2010°F).
Higher carbon content enhances khả năng chống trượt for prolonged high-temperature operation.
2. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Tạo thành một stable chromium oxide layer that protects against scaling in oxidizing atmospheres.
Hoạt động tốt trong furnace, boiler, and thermal processing applications.
3. Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Khả năng chống chịu tốt đối với sự ăn mòn tổng quát in oxidizing environments.
Titanium and other stabilizing elements prevent sensitization, minimizing intergranular corrosion in welded components.
4. Tính chất cơ học
Excellent ductility and toughness even at elevated temperatures.
Maintains structural stability under thermal stress and high loads.
5. Fabrication and Weldability
Can be welded using conventional methods, though careful control of heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.
May require post-weld heat treatment in certain high-temperature applications.
6. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high temperatures
Industrial piping and structural parts for high-temperature service
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, creep resistance, oxidation resistance, and good weldability. Nó high-carbon, austenitic structure khiến nó trở thành lựa chọn lý tưởng cho furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical processing equipment, and other industrial applications exposed to extreme heat.
Thông tin bổ sung
Sản xuất
Fabrication of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. Fabrication techniques are similar to other austenitic stainless steels, but attention must be paid to high-temperature performance, weldability, and work hardening.
1. Tạo hình
Gia công nguội:
Can be bent, rolled, or deep-drawn, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Gia công nóng:
Performed at 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F) to reduce work hardening and improve formability.
Suitable for forging, rolling, and extrusion of large or complex parts.
2. Welding
Can be welded using TIG, MIG, SMAW, or FCAW.
High-carbon content increases the risk of sensitization in some cases; preheating and controlled heat input may be recommended.
Post-weld solution annealing can restore high-temperature properties and reduce residual stresses.
3. Gia công
Khả năng gia công là vừa phải, with rapid work hardening.
Sử dụng sharp carbide tools, proper feed rates, and coolant for best results.
Suitable for industrial components requiring precision fabrication.
4. Post-Fabrication Treatments
Annealing: Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers and improves corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Fabrication
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial piping
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature service
Structural parts for chemical, petrochemical, and power generation industries
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel is highly fabricable using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Careful control of heat input, work hardening, and post-fabrication treatments ensures high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial machinery.
Khả năng hàn
Weldability of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel với chất lượng tuyệt vời high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its weldability is good, but the high carbon content requires careful control of welding procedures to maintain mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
1. Khả năng hàn nói chung
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW)
MIG (GMAW)
SMAW (Hàn hồ quang kim loại có lớp bảo vệ)
FCAW (Hàn hồ quang lõi thuốc)
Suitable for joining components in high-temperature and industrial applications.
2. Considerations for Welding
High carbon content increases the risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa, which can lead to intergranular corrosion if exposed to corrosive environments.
Controlled heat input and preheating may be required for thick sections to minimize distortion and reduce residual stresses.
Use proper filler metals (commonly 310 or 310H) to maintain high-temperature properties and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatment
Solution annealing may be applied to restore high-temperature strength and ductility.
Tẩm axit và thụ động hóa can remove surface oxides formed during welding and improve corrosion resistance.
4. Applications Related to Weldability
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
High-temperature piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Industrial structural parts requiring welded joints for high-temperature service
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel has good weldability using standard techniques, but attention must be paid to carbon content, heat input, and post-weld treatments. Proper welding ensures các mối nối chắc chắn, chống ăn mòn suitable for high-temperature industrial, chemical, and power generation applications.
Khả năng gia công
Machinability of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel với chất lượng tuyệt vời high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits moderate to low machinability due to its tendency to work harden rapidly.
1. Work Hardening
310H stainless steel work hardens quickly, especially during light cuts or interrupted cuts.
Excessive work hardening can cause tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Sử dụng sharp cutting tools and proper feeds to minimize work hardening.
2. Khuyến nghị về dụng cụ
Dụng cụ cacbua are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools may be used at lower cutting speeds.
Ensure rigid fixturing to reduce vibration and improve machining accuracy.
3. Cutting Conditions
Moderate to low cutting speeds are recommended to prevent overheating.
Use adequate coolant or lubrication to dissipate heat and reduce tool wear.
Employ proper feed rates and depth of cut to maintain surface quality.
4. Chip Formation
Sản xuất long, ductile chips due to the austenitic structure.
Sử dụng chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Các linh kiện công nghiệp cần high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance
Bộ trao đổi nhiệt, các bộ phận của nồi hơi và các bộ phận của lò đốt
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Chemical processing equipment requiring precise machining
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel has khả năng gia công ở mức trung bình, with a high tendency to work harden. Using proper tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant ensures efficient machining and good surface finish. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance makes it suitable for industrial, chemical, power generation, and high-temperature applications.
Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Corrosion Resistance of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel nổi tiếng với khả năng chống ăn mòn tuyệt vời, particularly in high-temperature and oxidizing environments. Its chemical composition ensures protection against various forms of corrosion while maintaining mechanical integrity under thermal stress.
1. Khả năng chống ăn mòn nói chung
Chống lại oxidation and scaling in air and industrial atmospheres at elevated temperatures.
Hoạt động tốt trong môi trường hóa học nhẹ.
Suitable for long-term exposure in industrial, chemical, and petrochemical applications.
2. Khả năng chống ăn mòn ở nhiệt độ cao
Titanium stabilization and high chromium content help prevent quá trình nhạy cảm hóa và sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt after welding or heat treatment.
Có thể chịu được oxidizing environments at temperatures up to 1030°C (1885°F) continuous and 1100°C (2010°F) intermittent.
Tạo thành một cấu trúc vững chắc lớp oxit crôm that protects against scaling and localized attack.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Khả năng chống chịu tốt đối với crevice and pitting corrosion under oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for môi trường giàu clorua at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boilers in chemical and petrochemical industries
High-temperature piping and tanks
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to oxidizing gases or exhaust
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel offers khả năng chống ăn mòn tuyệt vời, đặc biệt là ở high-temperature and oxidizing environments. Titanium stabilization and high chromium content ensure resistance to intergranular corrosion and scaling, making 310H ideal for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to extreme heat.
Gia công nguội
Cold Working of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với độ dẻo tốt, allowing various cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through quá trình làm cứng but requires careful handling due to the steel’s high-carbon and austenitic structure.
1. Các quy trình xử lý cảm lạnh thông thường
Uốn và tạo hình: Suitable for shaping furnace parts, heat exchangers, and piping.
Cuộn: Produces sheets, strips, and coils.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for containers, trays, and intricate components.
Punching and Shearing: Applicable for industrial and chemical equipment components.
2. Tăng cường sức bền
310H stainless steel work hardens rapidly, increasing tensile and yield strength during deformation.
Excessive cold working may reduce ductility.
Quá trình ủ trung gian is recommended after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Các yếu tố cần lưu ý trong quá trình gia công
Đăng ký sự biến dạng dần dần to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain bề mặt hoàn thiện và độ chính xác kích thước.
Các bộ phận được gia công nguội có thể cần giảm căng thẳng if used in high-temperature or structural applications.
4. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến gia công nguội
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical applications
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working improves strength through quá trình làm cứng while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Xử lý nhiệt
Heat Treatment of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for các ứng dụng ở nhiệt độ cao. Its heat treatment is primarily aimed at relieving stresses, restoring ductility, and optimizing high-temperature performance, rather than increasing hardness, as austenitic stainless steels are not hardenable by conventional heat treatment.
1. Ủ dung dịch
Mục đích: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from fabrication or welding, and maintain high-temperature strength.
Phạm vi nhiệt độ: 1040–1120°C (1900–2050°F)
Làm mát: Rapid air or water quenching to preserve corrosion resistance and prevent sensitization.
2. Giảm căng thẳng
Mục đích: Reduce residual stresses from welding, cold working, or machining.
Phạm vi nhiệt độ: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Tăng cường độ ổn định kích thước and reduces risk of stress-related cracking.
3. Effects of Heat Treatment
Khôi phục độ dẻo và độ bền in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves internal stresses, improving high-temperature performance.
Có không làm tăng đáng kể độ bền, as 310H is not precipitation-hardenable.
4. Surface Treatment Post Heat
Ngâm axit hoặc xử lý thụ động may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale or oxide layers and restore the protective chromium oxide surface.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến xử lý nhiệt
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Chemical, petrochemical, and power generation equipment requiring thermal stability
Tóm tắt
Heat treatment of 310H stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, duy trì ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Khả năng chịu nhiệt
Heat Resistance of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for excellent high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Its high carbon content provides enhanced khả năng chống trượt for prolonged service at elevated temperatures.
1. Nhiệt độ hoạt động liên tục
Thích hợp để sử dụng liên tục trong oxidizing atmospheres up to 1030°C (1885°F).
Duy trì mechanical strength, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.
2. Tiếp xúc gián đoạn
Can withstand short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F) without significant scaling or degradation.
Suitable for components exposed to chu kỳ nhiệt hoặc nhiệt độ cao biến động.
3. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Tạo thành một cấu trúc vững chắc lớp oxit crôm that protects against oxidation and scaling.
Titanium stabilization and high chromium content prevent quá trình nhạy cảm hóa and intergranular corrosion after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Hạn chế
Not recommended for prolonged exposure to high-chloride environments, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến khả năng chịu nhiệt
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and thermal processing equipment
Petrochemical and chemical industry high-temperature piping and tanks
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to extreme heat
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel provides khả năng chịu nhiệt tuyệt vời, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures up to 1030°C continuous and 1100°C intermittent. Its combination of oxidation resistance and high-temperature performance khiến nó trở thành lựa chọn lý tưởng cho industrial, chemical, petrochemical, and high-temperature applications.
Gia công nóng
Hot Working of 310H Stainless Steel
310H stainless steel là một high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel với chất lượng tuyệt vời high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Hot working allows the steel to be shaped and formed at elevated temperatures while minimizing quá trình làm cứng and preserving mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Nhiệt độ làm việc nóng khuyến nghị
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Maintaining proper temperature prevents sự phát triển của hạt, ensures uniform mechanical properties, and preserves high-temperature performance.
2. Các quy trình gia công nóng
Cán nóng: Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.
Rèn: Suitable for structural and high-temperature components.
Đùn: Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Hot Forming and Pressing: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Ưu điểm của gia công nóng
Giảm quá trình làm cứng so với gia công nguội.
Cải thiện ductility, toughness, and formability.
Allows production of các thành phần lớn, dày hoặc phức tạp for high-temperature service.
4. Các biện pháp xử lý sau gia công nhiệt
Ủ may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Ngâm axit hoặc xử lý thụ động improves surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến gia công nóng
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Tóm tắt
310H stainless steel exhibits đặc tính gia công nóng tuyệt vời, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working enhances ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables the production of parts for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
