Thép không gỉ, loại austenit
S310S Stainless Steel (31008) Sheet and Plate
A low carbon version of grade 310 that is less prone to embrittlement and sensitization in service.
An austenitic chromium nickel grade, Alloy 310S displays excellent oxidation resistance up to 1094°C
Alloy 310S displays excellent resistance to oxidation under mildly cyclic conditions. As a result of its high chromium and nickel content, alloy 310S has good resistance to sulphidation and other forms of hot corrosion.
Combined with its low carbon content, the metal is also effective at resisting embrittlement. The metal is commonly utilized in extreme conditions, such as furnace manufacturing and heat treating equipment.
While both hot and work practices can be applied, cold working is not commonly done on stainless steel 310S; however, it is the only way to work harden the metal. This resistance to cold temperatures is useful in cryogenic environments, as 310S is incredibly tough. However, it can be subject to thermal shock and therefore should be treated and hot-worked with care.
310S is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications where both độ bền và khả năng chống ăn mòn are required, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment.
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S310S Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Hệ thống / Tiêu chuẩn | Quốc gia / Khu vực | Cấp bậc / Chức danh |
| AISI | Hoa Kỳ | 310S |
| UNS | Quốc tế | S31008 |
| AISI (related) | Hoa Kỳ | 310 (standard carbon, UNS S31000) |
| EN / Số hiệu. | Châu Âu | 1.4845 |
| Tên (tiếng Anh) | Châu Âu | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | Hoa Kỳ | 310 / 310S (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | Hoa Kỳ | 310 / 310S (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | Hoa Kỳ | TP310S (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | Hoa Kỳ | TP310S (seamless pipe) |
| Anh | Trung Quốc | 06Cr25Ni20 |
| JIS | Nhật Bản | SUS310S |
Thuộc tính
Thành phần hóa học
S31008 Plate
ASTM A240
| Nguyên tố hóa học | Quà tặng % |
| Cacbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Crom (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Niken (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Phốt pho (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Lưu huỳnh (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silic (Si) | 0.00 - 1.50 |
| Sắt (Fe) | Cân bằng |
Tính chất cơ học
Sheet and Plate
ASTM A240
| Tính chất cơ học | Giá trị |
| Áp suất giới hạn | 205 MPa |
| Độ bền kéo | 515 MPa |
| Độ giãn dài tại 50 mm | 40 phút 1 bàn thắng, 3 pha kiến tạo |
Applications of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content improves weldability and minimizes the risk of sensitization, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring both high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Nó austenitic, low-carbon structure makes it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel nổi tiếng với excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content makes it particularly suitable for welding and fabrication in high-temperature environments.
1. High-Temperature Resistance
Maintains strength and structural integrity at elevated temperatures.
Chống lại oxidation and scaling in continuous service up to approximately 1020°C (1870°F).
Suitable for intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 1100°C (2010°F).
2. Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Good general corrosion resistance in oxidizing atmospheres.
Hoạt động tốt trong môi trường hóa học nhẹ.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa và sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt, especially in welded components.
3. Mechanical Properties
Excellent ductility and toughness at both high and low temperatures.
Stable austenitic structure ensures consistent performance under thermal stress.
4. Fabrication and Weldability
Easily fabricated and welded due to low carbon content.
Can be cold worked and formed into complex shapes without losing corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components, kilns, and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Industrial piping and storage tanks exposed to high temperatures
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Nó austenitic, low-carbon structure khiến nó trở thành lựa chọn lý tưởng cho industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications where both durability and corrosion resistance are essential.
Thông tin bổ sung
Sản xuất
Fabrication of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel nổi tiếng với excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content enhances weldability and resistance to sensitization, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes.
1. Tạo hình
Gia công nguội:
Can be bent, drawn, or rolled, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Gia công nóng:
Recommended temperature range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Suitable for forging, hot rolling, and extrusion of thick or complex parts.
2. Welding
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa và sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt.
Filler metals: Typically 310S or 310 grades to maintain corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance.
Post-weld pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface protection.
3. Gia công
Khả năng gia công là vừa phải, with rapid work hardening tendencies.
Sử dụng sharp carbide tools, appropriate feed rates, and coolants for efficient cutting.
4. Post-Fabrication Treatments
Annealing: Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers to restore corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Fabrication
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Aerospace and automotive components requiring high-temperature performance
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel is highly fabricable using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Its low-carbon austenitic structure ensures excellent weldability, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, khiến nó trở nên phù hợp cho industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Khả năng hàn
Weldability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Nó low carbon content enhances weldability and reduces the risk of sensitization, making it suitable for various welding processes.
1. Welding Methods
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW) – for precision and clean welds
MIG (GMAW) – for faster, efficient welding
SMAW (Stick Welding) – for general fabrication
FCAW (Hàn hồ quang lõi thuốc) – suitable for thicker sections
2. Những lưu ý khi hàn
Low carbon content minimizes sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt risk after welding.
Preheating is usually không bắt buộc, except for very thick sections to reduce distortion.
Đúng filler metals (typically 310S or 310) are recommended to maintain high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatments
Solution annealing is sometimes applied for high-temperature service to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
Tẩm axit và thụ động hóa can remove oxides and enhance corrosion resistance of welded areas.
4. Applications Related to Weldability
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Industrial structures exposed to high temperatures
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel has khả năng hàn tuyệt vời due to its low-carbon austenitic structure, allowing it to be joined using conventional welding techniques. Proper welding ensures strong, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature capable joints, khiến nó trở nên phù hợp cho furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Khả năng gia công
Machinability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel với chất lượng tuyệt vời high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Like most austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits khả năng gia công ở mức trung bình, primarily due to its high work-hardening tendency.
1. Work Hardening
310S stainless steel work hardens rapidly, especially under light cuts or interrupted machining.
Excessive work hardening can lead to tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Sử dụng sharp cutting tools and maintain consistent feed and speed to minimize work hardening.
2. Khuyến nghị về dụng cụ
Dụng cụ cacbua are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
Rigid workholding is recommended to reduce vibration and chatter.
3. Cutting Conditions
Moderate to low cutting speeds to avoid overheating and maintain surface finish.
Adequate coolant or lubrication helps reduce heat buildup and extends tool life.
Control feed rates and depth of cut to maintain dimensional accuracy and prevent work hardening.
4. Chip Formation
Sản xuất long, ductile chips due to its austenitic structure.
Sử dụng chip breakers or controlled cutting to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Các linh kiện công nghiệp cần high-temperature corrosion resistance
Heat exchangers, furnace components, and boiler parts
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Chemical processing equipment requiring precision machining
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel has khả năng gia công ở mức trung bình, with a tendency to work harden quickly. Sử dụng appropriate tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant, efficient machining and good surface finish can be achieved. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance makes it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, particularly in môi trường nhiệt độ cao. Its low carbon content reduces the risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa, making it ideal for welded and high-temperature applications.
1. High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance
Khả năng chống chịu tuyệt vời đối với oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures.
Can withstand continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F) và tiếp xúc không liên tục lên đến 1100°C (2010°F).
Tạo thành một cấu trúc vững chắc lớp oxit crôm that protects the surface from scaling and degradation.
2. General Corrosion Resistance
Khả năng chống chịu tốt đối với môi trường hóa học nhẹ and oxidizing media.
Hàm lượng carbon thấp ngăn chặn quá trình nhạy cảm hóa, reducing the risk of sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt in welded sections.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Performs well against crevice and pitting corrosion in oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for môi trường giàu clorua at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel offers khả năng chống ăn mòn tuyệt vời, đặc biệt là ở oxidizing and high-temperature environments. Nó low-carbon, austenitic structure ensures resistance to sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt, khiến nó trở thành lựa chọn lý tưởng cho furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to high temperatures.
Gia công nguội
Cold Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel cùng với độ dẻo tốt, allowing various cold working operations. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance during forming, but like other austenitic steels, it exhibits quá trình làm cứng.
1. Các quy trình xử lý cảm lạnh thông thường
Uốn và tạo hình: Suitable for sheets, trays, piping, and structural components.
Cuộn: Produces strips, sheets, and coils for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for complex shapes in furnace components or chemical equipment.
Punching and Shearing: Suitable for components requiring precision cutting.
2. Tăng cường sức bền
310S stainless steel work hardens rapidly, increasing tensile strength but reducing ductility.
Intermediate ủ may be required after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Các yếu tố cần lưu ý trong quá trình gia công
Đăng ký sự biến dạng dần dần to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
Các bộ phận được gia công nguội có thể cần giảm căng thẳng if used in high-temperature service.
4. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến gia công nguội
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical industries
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working increases strength through quá trình làm cứng while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Xử lý nhiệt
Heat Treatment of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for high-temperature and oxidizing environments. As an austenitic stainless steel, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. Xử lý nhiệt chủ yếu được sử dụng để relieve stresses, restore ductility, and maintain corrosion resistance.
1. Ủ dung dịch
Mục đích: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from cold working or welding, and maintain corrosion resistance.
Phạm vi nhiệt độ: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Làm mát: Rapid air or water quenching to prevent carbide precipitation and maintain corrosion resistance.
2. Giảm căng thẳng
Mục đích: Reduce residual stresses from welding, machining, or forming.
Phạm vi nhiệt độ: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Cải thiện độ ổn định kích thước and reduces risk of stress-related cracking in service.
3. Effects of Heat Treatment
Khôi phục độ dẻo và độ bền in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves internal stresses, improving high-temperature performance.
Duy trì khả năng chống ăn mòn, especially in welded components.
4. Surface Treatments Post Heat
Ngâm axit hoặc xử lý thụ động may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale, oxides, or discoloration and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến xử lý nhiệt
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Tóm tắt
Heat treatment of 310S stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, duy trì ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Khả năng chịu nhiệt
Heat Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation, and scaling resistance. Its chemical composition ensures performance in continuous and intermittent high-temperature service.
1. Nhiệt độ hoạt động liên tục
Phù hợp với continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F).
Duy trì mechanical strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
2. Tiếp xúc gián đoạn
Có thể chịu đựng được short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Ideal for components subjected to thermal cycling or fluctuating high temperatures.
3. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Tạo thành một cấu trúc vững chắc lớp oxit crôm on the surface, protecting against scaling and corrosion.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa và sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt, even after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Hạn chế
Không nên dùng cho high-chloride or highly reducing environments at elevated temperatures, as stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến khả năng chịu nhiệt
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive parts exposed to extreme heat
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel offers khả năng chịu nhiệt tuyệt vời, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and oxidation protection at temperatures up to 1020°C continuous và 1100°C intermittent. Nó low-carbon austenitic structure ensures reliable performance in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Gia công nóng
Hot Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel là một low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel với chất lượng tuyệt vời high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Hot working enables shaping and forming while minimizing quá trình làm cứng and maintaining the steel’s mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Nhiệt độ làm việc nóng khuyến nghị
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Proper temperature control prevents sự phát triển của hạt and ensures uniform mechanical properties.
2. Các quy trình gia công nóng
Cán nóng: Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.
Rèn: Suitable for structural or high-temperature components.
Đùn: Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Hot Forming and Pressing: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Ưu điểm của gia công nóng
Giảm quá trình làm cứng so với gia công nguội.
Cải thiện ductility, toughness, and formability.
Cho phép sản xuất các thành phần lớn, dày hoặc phức tạp suitable for high-temperature service.
4. Các biện pháp xử lý sau gia công nhiệt
Ủ may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Ngâm axit hoặc xử lý thụ động can enhance surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến gia công nóng
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Tóm tắt
310S stainless steel exhibits đặc tính gia công nóng tuyệt vời, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables production of components for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
