Aço inoxidável, Austenítico
304 Stainless Steel (S30400)
The most versatile and widely used chromium-nickel (18/8) austenitic stainless steel.
Stainless steel types 1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel.
Type 304 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be severely deep drawn. This property has resulted in 304 being the dominant grade used in applications like sinks and saucepans.
Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as “dual certified” material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L.
304H, a high carbon content variant, is also available for use at high temperatures.
304 stainless steel is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile fabrication capabilities. It is often used in industrial, architectural, and household applications.
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| Forma do Produto | Description | Tamanhos Métricos | Tamanhos Imperiais |
| Round Bar | Bright Drawn H9 | 2,0mm - 25,0mm | 1⁄8" - 1" |
| Round Bar | Smooth Turned H9/H10 | 25,0mm - 60,0mm | 1" - 3" |
| Flat Bar | Rolled Edge | 12mm x 3mm - 100mm x 12mm | |
| Square Bar | 304S11/S31 | 12mm x 12mm - 50mm x 50mm | |
| Angle | 304S31 | 20mm x 20mm x 3mm - 100mm x 100mm x 10mm | |
| Welded Ornamental Tube | Mirror Polished 600 Grit | 30mm - 50mm | 1⁄2" - 4" |
| Welded Tube | Satin Polished 320 Grit | 16mm - 50mm | 1⁄2" - 2" |
| Tubo quadrado | Welded, Dull Polished | 12.7mm x 12.7mm - 10mm - 100mm | |
| Handrail Section | Welded, Unannealed, Dull Polished | 42.40mm - 60.30 (2.5mm wall) | 1 1⁄2" - 4 " (3mm wall) |
| Tubo quadrado | Welded, Unpolished | 12.7mm x 12.7mm - 250mm x 250mm | |
| Rectangular Tube | Welded, Unpolished | 80mm x 40mm - 250mm x 150mm | |
| Rectangular Tube | Welded, Dull Polished | 20mm x 10mm - 150mm x 100mm |
Sheet
| Product Type | Sheet Size | Thicknesses |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 0.5mm - 3.0mm |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 0.5mm - 6.0mm |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 3000 x 1500 | 0.9mm - 3.0mm |
| Sheet 2R (BA) Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 0.5mm - 2.0mm |
| Sheet 2R (BA) Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 0.5mm - 2.0mm |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 2000 x 1000 | 0.6mm - 3.0mm |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 6.0mm |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 3000 x 1500 | 1.0mm - 3.0mm |
| Perforated Sheet (Round Holes) | 2000 x 1000 | 1.0mm - 1.5mm |
| Perforated Sheet (Round Holes) | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 1.5mm |
| Perforated Sheet (Square Holes) | 2000 x 1000 | 1.5mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 3.0mm - 6.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 3000 x 1500 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 4000 x 2000 | 2.0mm - 12.0mm |
| Qaurto Plate ID Finish | 5" - 125" | - |
| Welded Mesh | 90" x 48" | - |
| Treadplate | 3000 x 1000 | 3.0mm |
| Traedplate | 3000 x 1250 | 4.5mm - 8.0mm |
ATENÇÃO
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304 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistema / Padrão | País / Região | Grau / Designação |
| AISI | EUA | 304 |
| UNS | Internacional | S30400 |
| PT-BR / nº de série. | Europa | 1.4301 |
| Nome em Português | Europa | X5CrNi18-10 |
| ASTM A240 | EUA | 304 (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | EUA | 304 (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | EUA | TP304 (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | EUA | TP304 (seamless pipe) |
| GB | China | 0Cr18Ni9 |
| JIS | Japão | SUS304 |
| BS | Reino Unido | 304S15 / 304S31 |
| AFNOR | França | Z7CN18-09 |
Propriedades
Composição Química
| Elemento Químico | % Presente |
| Carbono (C) | 0.00 - 0.20 |
| Manganês (Mn) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Silício (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Fósforo (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Enxofre (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Cromo (Cr) | 15.00 - 17.00 |
| Níquel (Ni) | 1.25 - 2.50 |
Propriedades Mecânicas
| Propriedade Mecânica | Valor |
| Alongamento A50 mm | 11 % |
| Resistência à Tração | 850-1000 MPa |
| Tensão de Escoamento | 665 MPa |
| Dureza Brinell | 248-302 HB |
Propriedades Físicas Gerais
| Propriedade Física | Valor |
| Densidade | 7.8 g/cm³ |
| Módulo de Elasticidade | 200 GPa |
| Condutividade Térmica | 20.2 W/m.K |
Applications of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile formability. It is widely used across industrial, household, food, and architectural applications.
1. Food and Beverage Industry
Food processing equipment, tanks, and containers
Brewing, dairy, and pharmaceutical machinery
Piping, valves, and fittings requiring hygienic surfaces
2. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Chemical processing equipment and storage tanks
Heat exchangers, condensers, and piping systems
Components exposed to acids, alkalis, and other corrosive environments
3. Household and Kitchen Applications
Sinks, kitchen appliances, and utensils
Decorative trims, handrails, and architectural hardware
4. Industrial and Manufacturing Applications
Pumps, valves, and fasteners in corrosive environments
Machinery and equipment exposed to moisture or mild chemicals
Structural components requiring durability and corrosion resistance
5. Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications
Surgical instruments and medical devices
Laboratory benches and components requiring sterilization
Equipment where hygiene and corrosion resistance are critical
Resumo
304 stainless steel is highly versatile, providing excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and formability. Its applications span food processing, chemical, household, medical, and industrial sectors, making it ideal for environments where durability and hygiene are essential.
Characteristics of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile formability. It is suitable for a broad range of applications in industrial, household, and architectural environments.
1. Composição Química
Contém chromium (18–20%) e nickel (8–10.5%).
Low carbon content ensures good corrosion resistance and weldability.
Trace elements like manganese, silicon, and phosphorus enhance mechanical stability.
2. Resistência à Corrosão
Excelente resistência a oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mild acids.
Funciona bem em indoor, outdoor, and mildly corrosive environments.
Notably resistant to rust and staining, making it ideal for hygiene-critical applications.
3. Propriedades Mecânicas
Alto tensile strength and yield strength.
Excelente ductilidade e tenacidade, even at low temperatures.
Maintains properties over a wide range of temperatures.
4. Fabrication and Formability
Excelente cold working and forming characteristics, suitable for deep drawing, bending, and stamping.
Pode ser welded easily with minimal risk of intergranular corrosion.
Machinable, though slightly less so than 303 stainless steel.
5. Heat and Temperature Resistance
Performs well at moderate temperatures, with intermittent service up to 870°C (1600°F).
Continuous service temperatures should remain below 925°C (1700°F).
6. Aplicações
Food and beverage processing equipment
Chemical and pharmaceutical machinery
Kitchen appliances, sinks, and household items
Architectural components, handrails, and decorative trims
Resumo
304 stainless steel is characterized by excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength, high ductility, and versatile formability. Its combination of properties makes it ideal for industrial, household, chemical, and architectural applications, particularly where durability, hygiene, and corrosion resistance are important.
Informações Adicionais
Fabricação
Fabrication of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel is a widely used aço inoxidável austenítico known for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability. Its fabrication characteristics make it suitable for a wide range of industrial, architectural, and household applications.
Formando
Laminação a Frio: 304 can be bent, drawn, stamped, or deep-drawn in the annealed condition.
Trabalho a Quente: Suitable for hot forging, rolling, or extrusion at controlled temperatures (approx. 1010–1120°C / 1850–2050°F).
Work hardens moderately during forming, which may require intermediate annealing for complex shapes.
Usina. Maquinagem.
Machinable with appropriate cutting tools and speeds, though less machinable than 303 stainless steel.
Produces smooth finishes with careful selection of cutting fluids and tool materials.
3. Soldagem
Excellent weldability using TIG, MIG, or resistance welding.
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) minimizes carbide precipitation, reducing the risk of corrosão intergranular em áreas soldadas.
Post-weld annealing or passivation can further enhance corrosion resistance.
4. Surface Finishing
Pode ser polished, brushed, or passivated to improve aesthetics and corrosion resistance.
Suitable for both functional and decorative applications.
5. Advantages of 304 Stainless Steel Fabrication
Versatile forming options (cold or hot working)
Good weldability for assembly of components
Can achieve high-quality surface finishes
Mantém resistência à corrosão after fabrication
6. Aplicações
Kitchen and food processing equipment
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative features
Tanks, piping, and industrial equipment
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Resumo
304 stainless steel is altamente versátil para fabricação, offering excellent formability, weldability, and surface finish options. These characteristics make it ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal.
Soldabilidade
Weldability of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of its key advantages is superior weldability, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial, architectural, and household applications.
1. Características Gerais de Soldagem
Easily weldable using standard methods: TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), spot welding, and resistance welding.
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) reduces the risk of corrosão intergranular na zona afetada pelo calor.
Produz strong, corrosion-resistant welds without significant loss of mechanical properties.
2. Técnicas de Soldagem
TIG (GTAW): Provides precise control and high-quality welds, ideal for thin sheets and critical applications.
MIG (GMAW): Efficient for thicker materials and high-volume production.
Spot and resistance welding: Suitable for sheet metal assemblies.
3. Materiais de Preenchimento
Commonly use varetas/arames de solda de aço inoxidável 304 ou 308 to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity.
Selection depends on the specific application and service environment.
4. Preheating and Post-Weld Treatment
Preheating is generally unnecessary due to low carbon content.
Post-weld annealing or passivation can enhance corrosion resistance and restore surface finish if required.
5. Advantages
Excellent weld quality with minimal distortion or cracking.
Mantém corrosion resistance and mechanical strength em áreas soldadas.
Suitable for both thin sheets and thick sections.
6. Applications Benefiting from Weldability
Kitchen equipment, sinks, and countertops
Piping, tanks, and pressure vessels
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Resumo
304 stainless steel is highly weldable, offering strong, corrosion-resistant, and aesthetically acceptable welds. Its low carbon content ensures minimal intergranular corrosion risk, tornando-o ideal para industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring both durability and weld integrity.
Usinabilidade
Machinability of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico well-known for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, compared to 303 stainless steel, its machinability is moderate, requiring careful tooling and process control.
1. Características de Usinagem
304 stainless steel o trabalho endurece rapidamente during machining, which can increase tool wear.
Produz tough, continuous chips, which may require chip breakers or special tooling.
Standard machining speeds must be reduced compared to carbon steels to avoid excessive heat.
2. Recomendações de Ferramentas
Materiais da ferramenta: High-speed steel (HSS), carbide, or coated carbide tools are recommended.
Velocidades de corte: Lower than mild steel; increase feed rate gradually to reduce heat buildup.
Coolant/Lubrication: Use cutting fluids to reduce friction, dissipate heat, and improve surface finish.
3. Operações de Usinagem
Virando Requires slower speeds and frequent tool changes; good surface finish achievable.
Milling: Use sharp tools and moderate depth of cut; avoid overheating.
Drilling and Tapping: Pre-drill larger holes and use proper lubricants to prevent galling.
4. Vantagens
Can produce high-quality, corrosion-resistant components with proper machining practices.
Adequado para precision parts in industrial, food, and chemical processing equipment.
5. Limitações
Less machinable than 303 stainless steel due to the absence of sulfur.
Requires careful tool selection, speed, and lubrication to avoid excessive wear and work hardening.
6. Applications Benefiting from Machinability
Food and beverage processing machinery
Piping, valves, and fittings
Industrial and chemical processing components
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Resumo
304 stainless steel has usinabilidade moderada, exigindo appropriate tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication to achieve precise components. While not as easily machined as 303 stainless steel, it offers excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, tornando-o ideal para industrial, medical, and food-processing applications.
Resistência à corrosão
Corrosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico known for its excelente resistência à corrosão, making it one of the most widely used stainless steels in industrial, architectural, and household applications.
1. Resistência Geral à Corrosão
Altamente resistente a oxidação e corrosão atmosférica.
Funciona bem em indoor and outdoor environments.
Maintains integrity in humid and mildly corrosive conditions.
2. Resistance to Chemicals
Excelente resistência a food acids, alkaline solutions, and many industrial chemicals.
Adequado para food processing, chemical equipment, and pharmaceutical applications.
Less resistant than 316 stainless steel in chloride-rich or marine environments.
3. Stress and Intergranular Corrosion
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) minimizes carbide precipitation durante a soldagem.
Resistente a corrosão intergranular even after welding when properly fabricated.
Sensitive to chloride-induced pitting or crevice corrosion in high-salinity environments.
4. Surface Treatment
Pode ser polished or passivated to improve corrosion resistance.
Surface finishing enhances both appearance and longevity.
5. Applications Benefiting from Corrosion Resistance
Kitchen appliances, sinks, and cookware
Food and beverage processing equipment
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Tanks, piping, and industrial machinery
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Resumo
304 stainless steel exhibits excelente resistência à corrosão in a wide range of environments, including industrial, food processing, and architectural applications. Seu baixo teor de carbono ensures weldability without compromising corrosion resistance, making it ideal for durable and long-lasting components.
Laminação a Frio
Cold Working of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and formability. It responds well to Conformação a frio, which can improve strength and hardness but also increases work hardening.
1. Características do trabalho a frio
Pode ser bent, drawn, stamped, or deep-drawn na condição recozida.
Cold working increases Força e dureza due to strain hardening.
Excessive deformation may reduce ductility and requires careful control.
2. Técnicas
Dobragem e conformação: Suitable for moderate bends; sharp bends may require intermediate annealing.
Repuxo Excellent, especially in thin sheets, due to good ductility.
Rolling or stamping: Can achieve complex shapes with proper tooling and process control.
3. Vantagens
Conformação a frio melhora resistência à tração e dureza without heat treatment.
Enables production of precision components and complex shapes.
Mantém resistência à corrosão when proper annealing and passivation are applied after severe deformation.
4. Limitações
Work hardens quickly, which may require intermediate annealing for extensive forming operations.
Excessive cold working can increase internal stresses, potentially leading to distortion or cracking in subsequent processes.
5. Applications Benefiting from Cold Working
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Food and beverage processing equipment
Tubing, piping, and pressure vessels
Automotive and aerospace components requiring high precision
Resumo
304 stainless steel can be effectively cold worked to produce strong, precision components. Cold working enhances Força e dureza while retaining resistência à corrosão, tornando-o ideal para industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durable and precisely formed parts.
Tratamento Térmico
Heat Treatment of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability. While 304 cannot be hardened by conventional heat treatment, it can undergo annealing or stress-relief treatments to improve ductility, reduce internal stresses, and restore properties after cold working or welding.
1. Recozimento
Propósito: Relieves internal stresses, softens the material for forming, and restores ductility.
Processo:
Aquecer para 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F).
Hold at temperature long enough to ensure uniform heating.
Cool rapidly in air, water, or quenching medium to avoid carbide precipitation.
Restores corrosion resistance and workability after cold working.
2. Alívio do estresse
Propósito: Reduces residual stresses caused by forming, machining, or welding.
Processo:
Aquecer para 450–650°C (840–1200°F).
Segure por 1–2 horas, dependendo da espessura da peça.
Esfriar lentamente até a temperatura ambiente.
Minimiza distorção, deformação ou rachadura during subsequent processing.
3. Endurecimento
304 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Strengthening is achieved primarily through Conformação a frio rather than quenching or tempering.
4. Surface Treatment Post Heat-Treatment
Passivação can be applied to enhance corrosion resistance and remove free iron from the surface.
Polishing and surface finishing improve durability and aesthetics.
5. Applications
Componentes que necessitam de stress relief after welding or forming
Cold-worked sheets or strips needing restored ductility
Industrial and architectural parts requiring corrosion resistance and formability
Resumo
304 stainless steel has opções limitadas de tratamento térmico. Recozimento e alívio de tensões são os tratamentos primários utilizados para restore ductility, relieve internal stresses, and maintain corrosion resistance. Unlike martensitic steels, 304 relies on Conformação a frio rather than heat treatment for strength enhancement, making it ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications.
Resistência ao calor
Heat Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico known for its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and versatility. It also offers boa resistência ao calor, making it suitable for moderate temperature applications.
Limites de Temperatura
Continuous service: Up to approximately 870°C (1600°F).
Intermittent service: Can withstand up to 925°C (1700°F).
Prolonged exposure above these temperatures may reduce mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
2. Resistência à Oxidação
Resiste Oxidação e incrustação in air at moderate temperatures.
Funciona bem em non-oxidizing or mildly oxidizing atmospheres.
Não adequado para continuous high-temperature service in strongly oxidizing environments, where 309 or 310 stainless steel is preferred.
3. Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures
Mantém tensile strength and toughness at moderate temperatures.
Extended exposure to high heat may cause loss of ductility and potential grain growth.
4. Applications Benefiting from Heat Resistance
Industrial equipment exposed to moderate heat
Heat exchangers and furnace components in non-extreme environments
Kitchen appliances and food processing equipment
Architectural components exposed to sunlight or moderate heat
5. Considerações Práticas
Avoid prolonged service above 925°C (1700°F) para manter a resistência à corrosão.
Consider higher-temperature stainless steels (e.g., 309, 310, 321) for applications exceeding these limits.
Heat treatment and surface finishing can help preserve properties at elevated temperatures.
Resumo
304 stainless steel has boa resistência ao calor suitable for moderate-temperature applications, maintaining strength and corrosion resistance. It is ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications where temperatures remain within its recommended limits.
Conformação a Quente
Hot Working of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel é um aço inoxidável austenítico known for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability. Pode ser trabalhou efetivamente under controlled conditions to produce complex shapes or large deformations.
1. Características de Conformação a Quente
Adequado para forging, rolling, extrusion, and hot bending.
Hot working reduces work hardening, allowing easier shaping compared to cold working.
High ductility allows for large deformations without cracking.
2. Faixas de Temperatura Recomendadas
Annealed temperature range: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F) for hot forming operations.
Avoid overheating above 1120°C (2050°F) to prevent crescimento de grão e redução da resistência à corrosão.
Controlado refrigeração after hot working helps maintain mechanical properties.
3. Vantagens
Enables formation of large and complex components.
Reduces internal stresses compared to cold working.
Preserves resistência à corrosão when properly processed.
4. Limitações
Surface scaling may occur at high temperatures, requiring descaling or passivation post-processing.
Not intended for strengthening via heat treatment, as 304 is austenitic and non-hardenable.
Requer controlled temperature and deformation rates to avoid defects.
5. Applications
Forged or rolled components requiring subsequent machining
Industrial equipment, piping, and tanks
Architectural and decorative elements with complex shapes
Automotive and aerospace structural components
Resumo
304 stainless steel can be trabalhou efetivamente to create complex and large parts. Hot working reduces work hardening, facilitates forming, and maintains corrosion resistance, making 304 ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durability and precision.
