Thép không gỉ, loại austenit
S34700 (347) Stainless Steel Sheet
Columbium stabilizes this alloy making it immune to chromium carbide precipitation.
Alloy 347 is recommended for welded applications that can not tolerate a post anneal. The alloy can operate between 800-1600°F.
347 stainless steel is a high-performance austenitic stainless steel cùng với niobium stabilization that ensures excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and high-temperature stability. Nó được sử dụng rộng rãi trong chemical, industrial, aerospace, food processing, and high-temperature applications.
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347 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Hệ thống / Tiêu chuẩn | Quốc gia / Khu vực | Cấp bậc / Chức danh |
| AISI | Hoa Kỳ | 347 |
| UNS | Quốc tế | S34700 |
| EN / Số hiệu. | Châu Âu | 1.4550 |
| Tên (tiếng Anh) | Châu Âu | X6CrNiNb18-10 |
| ASTM A240 | Hoa Kỳ | 347 (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A182 | Hoa Kỳ | F347 (forgings, flanges, fittings) |
| ASTM A213 | Hoa Kỳ | TP347 (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | Hoa Kỳ | TP347 (seamless pipe) |
| Anh | Trung Quốc | 06Cr18Ni11Nb |
| JIS | Nhật Bản | SUS347 |
| BS | Vương quốc Anh | 347S31 |
| AFNOR | Pháp | Z6CNb18-10 |
Thuộc tính
Thành phần hóa học
S34700 Sheet
ASTM A240
| Nguyên tố hóa học | Quà tặng % |
| Cacbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Crom (Cr) | 17.00 - 19.00 |
| Niken (Ni) | 9.00 - 13.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Phốt pho (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Lưu huỳnh (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silic (Si) | 0.00 - 0.75 |
| Niobi (Columbium) (Nb) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Sắt (Fe) | Cân bằng |
Tính chất cơ học
Sheet
ASTM A240
| Tính chất cơ học | Giá trị |
| Áp suất giới hạn | 205 MPa |
| Độ bền kéo | 515 MPa |
| Độ giãn dài tại 50 mm | 40 phút 1 bàn thắng, 3 pha kiến tạo |
Các tính chất vật lý chung
| Tính chất vật lý | Giá trị |
| Mật độ | 7.96 g/cm³ |
Applications of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel containing niobium (columbium), which improves resistance to sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt after exposure to high temperatures. Its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance make it suitable for a wide range of high-temperature and industrial applications.
1. High-Temperature Applications
Furnace components and heat exchangers
Boiler parts, superheater and evaporator tubes
Exhaust stacks and high-temperature ducting
Industrial ovens and kilns
2. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Processing equipment and piping in moderately corrosive environments
Pressure vessels and tanks for chemical storage
Heat-resistant piping carrying steam or hot liquids
3. Food and Beverage Processing
Equipment exposed to elevated temperatures
Heat exchangers and evaporators
Components requiring good corrosion resistance and stability at high temperature
4. Aerospace and Automotive
Exhaust systems and turbochargers
High-temperature components in engines and power plants
5. Industrial Equipment
Springs, fasteners, and structural components for high-temperature service
Mechanical equipment exposed to heat and corrosion simultaneously
6. Architectural Applications
Structures and components exposed to outdoor weather and moderate corrosive conditions
Decorative elements requiring durability and stability at elevated temperatures
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel is ideal for high-temperature and industrial applications, where intergranular corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and stability at elevated temperatures are critical. Common industries include chemical processing, food and beverage, aerospace, automotive, and industrial equipment.
Characteristics of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel containing niobium (columbium), which enhances resistance to sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt after exposure to high temperatures. It offers good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability, making it suitable for demanding applications.
1. High-Temperature Stability
Khả năng chống chịu tuyệt vời đối với sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt after exposure to temperatures of 425–870°C (800–1600°F)
Niobium stabilization prevents sự kết tủa cacbua crom during welding and heat exposure
Suitable for furnace parts, heat exchangers, and boiler components
2. Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Khả năng chống chịu tốt đối với oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mild chemical attack
Performs better than 304 and similar to 321 in high-temperature corrosive environments
Low susceptibility to pitting and crevice corrosion in moderately aggressive media
3. Mechanical Properties
High strength and toughness, even at elevated temperatures
Can be cold-worked to improve strength
Excellent ductility for forming, bending, and shaping
4. Khả năng hàn
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, or resistance welding
Niobium stabilization reduces risk of quá trình nhạy cảm hóa in the heat-affected zone
Suitable for welded components in chemical, food, and high-temperature applications
5. Formability and Fabrication
Good cold and hot workability
Can be rolled, drawn, or pressed into complex shapes
Suitable for sheets, plates, tubes, and structural components
6. Heat Resistance
Có thể chịu được continuous service up to 870°C (1600°F)
Resistant to scaling and oxidation in oxidizing atmospheres
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel combines high-temperature stability, excellent corrosion resistance, and strong mechanical properties. Nó niobium stabilization prevents intergranular corrosion, making it ideal for high-temperature industrial equipment, chemical processing, aerospace, and food processing applications.
Thông tin bổ sung
Sản xuất
Fabrication of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan designed to resist intergranular corrosion during welding and high-temperature service. It combines excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability, and mechanical strength, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes in industrial and high-temperature applications.
1. Tạo hình
347 stainless steel has good cold formability in the annealed condition.
Can be bent, deep-drawn, stamped, and roll-formed.
Because of work-hardening, gia nhiệt trung gian may be required during extensive forming operations to restore ductility.
2. Cắt và xén
Can be cut with standard techniques such as shearing, sawing, and laser cutting.
Tools must be sharp to minimize work-hardening at the cut edges.
3. Gia công
347 is khó gia công ở mức trung bình due to austenitic toughness and work-hardening tendency.
Sử dụng dụng cụ cắt bằng cacbua for better performance, proper feed rates, and cooling lubricants to control heat and tool wear.
4. Hàn
Excellent weldability with conventional processes: TIG, MIG, SMAW.
Sự ổn định của titan ngăn ngừa sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt near the weld.
Filler metals such as 347 or 308L thường được sử dụng.
Post-weld annealing is typically không bắt buộc for corrosion resistance, but stress relief may be applied in high-temperature applications.
5. Gia công nguội
Cold working increases strength significantly due to work-hardening.
Extensive cold work reduces ductility; ủ may be required to restore formability for further fabrication.
6. Hot Working
Hot working is typically performed between 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F).
Proper temperature control ensures uniform mechanical properties and prevents grain growth.
7. Surface Finishing
Can be supplied in a range of finishes (2B, BA, or polished).
Work-hardened areas may require additional finishing for aesthetics or corrosion resistance.
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel is versatile and easily fabricated, offering excellent weldability, corrosion resistance, and strength. Its ổn định titan makes it particularly suitable for welding and high-temperature applications, while its workability allows for forming, machining, and finishing across a wide range of industrial uses.
Khả năng hàn
Weldability of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan cung cấp khả năng hàn tuyệt vời. Its titanium content prevents the formation of chromium carbides during welding, reducing the risk of sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This makes 347 highly suitable for welded structures and components exposed to elevated temperatures.
1. Các quy trình hàn tương thích
TIG (GTAW) – Preferred for precision welding and thin sections.
MIG (GMAW) – Common for thicker sections and high-productivity applications.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) – Suitable for field and maintenance welding.
Hàn điện trở – Spot and seam welding can be used effectively.
2. Lợi ích của việc ổn định titan
Titanium reacts with carbon to form stable titanium carbides.
Prevents sự kết tủa cacbua crom, avoiding sensitization in the HAZ.
Ensures corrosion resistance is maintained after welding, even without post-weld annealing.
3. Filler Material Selection
Filler metals matching 347 are commonly used for optimum corrosion resistance.
ER347 or 308L filler rods are suitable depending on base material thickness and application.
Low-carbon fillers reduce carbide precipitation risk in general austenitic stainless steel applications.
4. Công suất nhiệt và biến dạng
347 has độ giãn nở nhiệt cao, which can lead to distortion if not controlled.
Sử dụng low to moderate heat input to reduce warping and maintain dimensional stability.
Adequate fixturing and sequence planning help minimize residual stresses.
5. Xử lý sau hàn
Usually, post-weld annealing is không bắt buộc because titanium stabilization protects against intergranular corrosion.
Stress relief may be applied for high-temperature service or when dimensional stability is critical.
6. Applications Related to Weldability
High-temperature boilers and furnace components
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Heat exchangers
Pressure vessels and piping systems requiring welded assemblies
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel exhibits khả năng hàn tuyệt vời due to its titanium stabilization, allowing it to maintain corrosion resistance in welded areas without the need for extensive post-weld heat treatment. Proper filler selection, heat control, and welding technique ensure strong, durable, and corrosion-resistant welds suitable for high-temperature and industrial applications.
Khả năng gia công
Machinability of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel, a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan, has khả năng gia công ở mức trung bình similar to other austenitic grades such as 304 and 321. While it is tougher and more work-hardening than carbon steels, careful tooling and machining practices allow for efficient processing and good surface finishes.
1. Hiện tượng cứng hóa do gia công
347 stainless steel exhibits work-hardening during cutting, which increases tool wear if not properly managed.
Continuous, consistent cutting helps prevent excessive hardening on the surface.
2. Khuyến nghị về dụng cụ
Carbide tooling is preferred for higher productivity and tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at slower cutting speeds with careful feed control.
Positive rake angles reduce cutting forces and heat generation.
3. Tốc độ cắt và tốc độ tiến dao
Slower cutting speeds than those used for carbon steels are recommended.
Sử dụng moderate to heavy feeds to keep the tool engaged and minimize work-hardening.
4. Làm mát và bôi trơn
Thép không gỉ austenit có low thermal conductivity, so heat control is critical.
Flood coolant or high-performance cutting oils help reduce heat, improve surface finish, and extend tool life.
5. Quá trình hình thành chip
Chips are typically cứng và dai, making them difficult to evacuate.
Use chip breakers or insert geometries designed for stainless steel to manage chips effectively.
6. Bề mặt hoàn thiện
Good surface finishes can be achieved with proper tool geometry, cutting parameters, and cooling.
Avoid dwell or pauses on the workpiece, as these can create hardened spots and reduce finish quality.
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel has khả năng gia công ở mức trung bình compared with other austenitic grades. Success in machining relies on sharp tools, controlled cutting parameters, proper cooling, and feed rates to counteract work-hardening and achieve high-quality finished components.
Khả năng chống ăn mòn
Corrosion Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan with excellent corrosion resistance. The titanium stabilization prevents chromium carbide precipitation during welding, reducing the risk of sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt, particularly in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This makes 347 ideal for welded assemblies and high-temperature applications.
1. Khả năng chống ăn mòn nói chung
Hoạt động tốt trong atmospheric, industrial, and mildly corrosive environments.
Resistant to oxidation at moderate elevated temperatures.
Suitable for general chemical, petrochemical, and process equipment.
2. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
Titanium binds with carbon to form stable titanium carbides.
Prevents chromium depletion at grain boundaries, which avoids quá trình nhạy cảm hóa.
Especially beneficial in welded areas where intergranular corrosion is a concern.
3. Resistance to Chlorides
Exhibits moderate resistance to chloride-induced sự ăn mòn dạng lỗ rỗ và ăn mòn khe hở.
Not as resistant as Mo-bearing grades like 316, but better than carbon steels or unstabilized austenitic grades in welded components.
4. Ăn mòn ở nhiệt độ cao
Suitable for use in continuous service up to ~870°C (1600°F) in oxidizing atmospheres.
Titanium stabilization provides good resistance to sự kết tủa cacbua and oxidation during high-temperature service.
5. Comparison to Other Austenitic Grades
Better corrosion resistance than 304 in welded conditions due to titanium stabilization.
Slightly less corrosion-resistant than 316 trong môi trường giàu clorua.
Superior intergranular corrosion resistance compared to unstabilized 321 or 304 stainless steels.
6. Applications Leveraging Corrosion Resistance
Heat exchangers and furnace components
Thiết bị hóa chất và hóa dầu
Pressure vessels and piping systems
Components exposed to elevated temperatures or welding
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel combines excellent general corrosion resistance with superior resistance to intergranular corrosion, making it highly suitable for welded and high-temperature applications. Titanium stabilization ensures reliable long-term performance, especially in industrial and chemical environments.
Gia công nguội
Cold Working of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is an austenitic, titanium-stabilized stainless steel with good cold-working properties. Cold working increases the material’s độ bền và độ cứng while reducing ductility. The titanium stabilization helps maintain corrosion resistance, even in heavily worked conditions.
1. Hiện tượng cứng hóa do gia công
347 stainless steel làm cứng do biến dạng during cold deformation, although slightly less aggressively than 301 or 304.
Strength increases significantly with deformation, but ductility decreases.
2. Các quy trình xử lý thông thường
Cuộn: For sheets, strips, and plates.
Bản vẽ: For wires, tubes, and rods.
Uốn và tạo hình: For clips, springs, and structural components.
Dập và dập sâu: For complex parts.
3. Kiểm soát tính chất cơ học
Cold working allows precise adjustment of độ bền kéo, giới hạn chảy và độ cứng.
Extensive cold working may require gia nhiệt trung gian to restore ductility for further forming.
4. Ảnh hưởng đến khả năng chống ăn mòn
Sự ổn định của titan ngăn ngừa sự kết tủa cacbua crom, maintaining corrosion resistance even after significant cold work.
Unlike unstabilized austenitic grades, 347 maintains resistance to intergranular corrosion in welded or heavily worked areas.
5. Những vấn đề cần lưu ý sau khi định hình
In highly cold-worked parts, quá trình ủ can be performed to relieve residual stresses and restore formability if required.
Cold working may also induce some từ tính due to martensitic transformation, though minimal in 347 compared to 301.
6. Applications Utilizing Cold Work
Springs and clips
Structural components requiring high strength
Industrial equipment requiring formability and corrosion resistance
Tubes, rods, and wire for chemical and high-temperature service
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel exhibits good cold-working characteristics, allowing it to achieve higher strength through work hardening while maintaining corrosion resistance thanks to titanium stabilization. Proper management of deformation and occasional annealing enables high-performance components for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Xử lý nhiệt
Heat Treatment of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan. Unlike martensitic or precipitation-hardening grades, it is not hardened by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is mainly used to restore ductility, relieve stresses, and maintain corrosion resistance, especially after cold working or welding.
1. Annealing / Solution Treatment
Mục đích:
Relieve stresses from cold working or forming
Restore ductility
Dissolve any unwanted precipitates
Typical Temperature: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Làm mát: Rapid air or water quenching to preserve a fully austenitic structure
Tác dụng:
Returns mechanical properties to annealed condition
Maintains corrosion resistance due to titanium stabilization
2. Giảm căng thẳng
Mục đích: Giảm ứng suất dư do quá trình tạo hình, uốn hoặc hàn
Phạm vi nhiệt độ: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Tác dụng: Minimizes distortion and reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking without significantly changing mechanical properties
3. Các yếu tố cần lưu ý về trạng thái gia công nguội
Cold working increases strength but reduces ductility.
Quá trình ủ trung gian may be performed between forming operations to restore ductility and workability.
Repeated cold work and annealing allow precise control over strength and hardness.
4. Xử lý nhiệt sau hàn
Welding 347 stainless steel typically does not require post-weld annealing for corrosion resistance, thanks to titanium stabilization.
Quá trình ủ giảm ứng suất có thể được áp dụng trong các điều kiện làm việc ở nhiệt độ cao hoặc trong những trường hợp mà độ ổn định kích thước là yếu tố quan trọng.
5. Hạn chế
Heat treatment does not significantly increase hardness; 347 relies on cold working for strength enhancement.
Prolonged high-temperature exposure above ~500°C can reduce the effects of prior cold work.
Tóm tắt
Heat treatment of 347 stainless steel is focused on stress relief, ductility restoration, and maintaining corrosion resistance, rather than hardening. Solution annealing and controlled stress relief help ensure optimal mechanical and chemical performance for welded, cold-worked, and high-temperature components.
Khả năng chịu nhiệt
Heat Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan with good high-temperature properties. It is specifically designed for applications requiring resistance to carbide precipitation and oxidation at elevated temperatures.
1. Nhiệt độ hoạt động liên tục
Thích hợp để sử dụng liên tục trong oxidizing atmospheres up to ~870°C (1600°F).
Sự ổn định của titan ngăn ngừa sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt and maintains strength during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures.
2. Tiếp xúc gián đoạn
Có thể chịu đựng được intermittent exposure up to ~925°C (1700°F) without significant scaling or degradation.
Useful for components subject to occasional thermal cycling or transient heating.
3. Khả năng chống oxy hóa
Tạo thành một lớp oxit crôm bảo vệ that resists scaling in oxidizing environments.
Not suitable for prolonged exposure to strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures; for these, specialized high-temperature grades such as 310 are recommended.
4. Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt đến các tính chất cơ học
Retains good tensile strength and ductility at elevated temperatures.
High-temperature exposure does not significantly reduce corrosion resistance, due to titanium stabilization.
Prolonged exposure above 900°C can lead to grain growth, which may reduce toughness.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến khả năng chịu nhiệt
Boiler and furnace components
Heat exchangers
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
High-temperature piping and welded assemblies
6. So sánh với các loại thép austenit khác
Heat resistance is better than 304 in welded or high-temperature applications.
Slightly lower high-temperature strength than 310 but more corrosion-resistant than unstabilized 304 in the HAZ.
Titanium stabilization ensures reliability in long-term service at elevated temperatures.
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel provides excellent high-temperature performance up to ~870°C for continuous service. Its titanium stabilization prevents carbide precipitation, maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical strength in welded and heat-exposed components, making it ideal for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Gia công nóng
Heat Resistance of 347 Stainless Steel
347 stainless steel is a thép không gỉ austenit được ổn định bằng titan with good high-temperature properties. It is specifically designed for applications requiring resistance to carbide precipitation and oxidation at elevated temperatures.
1. Nhiệt độ hoạt động liên tục
Thích hợp để sử dụng liên tục trong oxidizing atmospheres up to ~870°C (1600°F).
Sự ổn định của titan ngăn ngừa sự ăn mòn giữa các hạt and maintains strength during long-term exposure to elevated temperatures.
2. Tiếp xúc gián đoạn
Có thể chịu đựng được intermittent exposure up to ~925°C (1700°F) without significant scaling or degradation.
Useful for components subject to occasional thermal cycling or transient heating.
3. Khả năng chống oxy hóa
Tạo thành một lớp oxit crôm bảo vệ that resists scaling in oxidizing environments.
Not suitable for prolonged exposure to strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures; for these, specialized high-temperature grades such as 310 are recommended.
4. Ảnh hưởng của nhiệt đến các tính chất cơ học
Retains good tensile strength and ductility at elevated temperatures.
High-temperature exposure does not significantly reduce corrosion resistance, due to titanium stabilization.
Prolonged exposure above 900°C can lead to grain growth, which may reduce toughness.
5. Các ứng dụng liên quan đến khả năng chịu nhiệt
Boiler and furnace components
Heat exchangers
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
High-temperature piping and welded assemblies
6. So sánh với các loại thép austenit khác
Heat resistance is better than 304 in welded or high-temperature applications.
Slightly lower high-temperature strength than 310 but more corrosion-resistant than unstabilized 304 in the HAZ.
Titanium stabilization ensures reliability in long-term service at elevated temperatures.
Tóm tắt
347 stainless steel provides excellent high-temperature performance up to ~870°C for continuous service. Its titanium stabilization prevents carbide precipitation, maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical strength in welded and heat-exposed components, making it ideal for industrial and high-temperature applications.