الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ، أوستنيتي
316H Stainless Steel (S31609)
A high carbon modification of alloy 316 developed for use in elevated temperature service.
The alloy has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is used for structural and pressure vessel applications at temperatures above 932°F (500°C). The higher carbon content of 316H also delivers higher tensile and yield strength than 316/٣١٦ل and its austenitic structure provides excellent toughness down to cryogenic temperatures.
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon, high-temperature variant of 316, combining enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures with excellent corrosion resistance. It is widely used in power generation, chemical processing, aerospace, and industrial applications where both high strength and corrosion resistance are essential.
تنزيل ملف PDF
النطاق
يرجى الملاحظة
إذا لم تجد ما تبحث عنه، يُرجى الاتصال ب مركز الخدمة المحلي بمتطلباتك الخاصة.
316H Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| النظام/المعيار | البلد/المنطقة | الدرجة/التعيين |
| AISI | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية | 316H |
| UNS | الدولية | S31609 |
| EN / W.Nr.W. | أوروبا | 1.4401 (316 base grade) |
| اسم EN | أوروبا | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
| ASTM A240 | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية | Type 316H (plate, sheet) |
| ASTM A182 | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية | F316H (forgings, flanges) |
| ASTM A213 | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية | TP316H (boiler & heat-exchanger tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية | TP316H (seamless pipe) |
| GB | الصين | 07Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| JIS | اليابان | SUS316H |
| ب | المملكة المتحدة | 316H |
| أفنور | فرنسا | Z10CNS17-13 (approx. 316H type) |
الخصائص
التركيب الكيميائي
316H Stainless Steel Bar
EN 10269:2013
| العنصر الكيميائي | % الحاضر |
| الكربون (C) | 0.04 - 0.08 |
| الكروم (Cr) | 16.50 - 18.50 |
| موليبدنوم (Mo) | 2.00 - 2.50 |
| السيليكون (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| الفوسفور (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| الكبريت (S) | 0.00 - 0.02 |
| النيكل (ني) | 10.00 - 13.00 |
| المنجنيز (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| النيتروجين (N) | 0.00 - 0.10 |
| الحديد (Fe) | الرصيد |
الخواص الميكانيكية
316H Stainless Steel Bar Up to 160mm
EN 10269:2013
| الممتلكات الميكانيكية | القيمة |
| إجهاد الإثبات | 205 ميجا باسكال دقيقة 205 |
| قوة الشد | 490 to 690 MPa |
| الاستطالة A50 مم | 35 % |
الخصائص الفيزيائية العامة
| الممتلكات المادية | القيمة |
| الكثافة | 8.00 g/cm³ |
| نقطة الانصهار | 1400 درجة مئوية |
| التمدد الحراري | 15.9 × 10-6 / ك |
| معامل المرونة | 193 جيجا باسكال |
| الموصلية الحرارية | 16.3 واط/م.ك |
| المقاومة الكهربائية | 0.74 × 10-6 أوم . متر |
Applications of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ تطبيقات درجات الحرارة العالية where strength and corrosion resistance are critical. Its high carbon content gives it superior tensile strength at elevated temperatures, making it ideal for welded and high-stress components.
1. Power Generation
Boilers, superheaters, and steam piping in power plants
Pressure vessels and heat exchangers exposed to high-temperature steam
Components that require high creep and tensile strength
2. الصناعة الكيميائية والبتروكيماوية
Reactors, vessels, and piping handling corrosive or high-temperature chemicals
Heat exchangers and condensers operating under elevated temperature conditions
Equipment exposed to oxidizing and mildly reducing environments
3. Aerospace and High-Temperature Engineering
Exhaust systems, turbocharger components, and high-temperature welded assemblies
Applications where both strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures are essential
4. الأغذية والمستحضرات الصيدلانية
High-temperature sterilization equipment
Heat exchangers and vessels in hygienic applications where corrosion resistance is crucial
5. Marine and Offshore Applications
مكونات معرضة ل elevated-temperature seawater or coastal atmospheres
Pump shafts, valves, and fittings where high strength is needed under corrosion exposure
الملخص
316H stainless steel is widely used in high-temperature industrial, chemical, marine, aerospace, and food-processing applications. إنه high carbon content and excellent corrosion resistance make it suitable for pressure vessels, boilers, piping, heat exchangers, and welded assemblies operating under demanding conditions.
Characteristics of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ high-temperature service. It retains the excellent corrosion resistance of standard 316 stainless steel while offering enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures due to its higher carbon content.
1. High-Temperature Strength
Increased carbon content (typically 0.04–0.10%) provides higher tensile and creep strength than 316 or 316L at elevated temperatures.
Suitable for continuous service at temperatures up to ~800°C (1470°F).
يحتفظ mechanical integrity under high thermal stress.
2. مقاومة التآكل
مقاومة ممتازة لـ general corrosion, oxidation, and mildly reducing chemicals.
أداء جيد في بيئات مؤكسدة such as atmospheric, chemical, and marine conditions.
Retains corrosion resistance after welding, although stress relief may be recommended for high-temperature applications.
3. الخواص الميكانيكية
High tensile strength and yield strength compared to standard 316 stainless steel.
جيد مَطْواعِيَّة وَصَلابَة, ، حتى عند درجات حرارة مرتفعة.
Cold working improves strength further but reduces ductility.
4. Fabrication and Weldability
Weldable using TIG, MIG, and SMAW processes.
Stress relief after welding is sometimes recommended to minimize thermal stresses in high-temperature applications.
يمكن hot- or cold-worked with proper process controls.
5. Applications Leveraging Characteristics
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical and petrochemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and high-temperature industrial components
Food and pharmaceutical equipment requiring both corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength
الملخص
316H stainless steel combines the high-temperature strength of a high-carbon austenitic steel with the excellent corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel. It is particularly suited for pressure vessels, high-temperature piping, chemical equipment, and welded assemblies operating under demanding thermal and corrosive environments.
معلومات إضافية
قابلية اللحام
Weldability of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel, a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel, is generally weldable using conventional methods, though care must be taken due to its higher carbon content, which can increase the risk of sensitization and intergranular corrosion في المنطقة المتأثرة بالحرارة.
1. Suitable Welding Methods
لحام القوس بالتنجستن والغاز (GTAW): Ideal for precise welds and thin sections
لحام القوس المعدني بالغاز (GMAW): Suitable for thicker sections and industrial applications
SMAW (Stick Welding): Common for maintenance and field welding
لحام المقاومة: لحام البقع والدرز للصفائح المعدنية
2. Considerations Due to High Carbon
Higher carbon content increases the risk of ترسيب كربيد الكروم أثناء اللحام.
Post-weld solution annealing or stress relief is recommended for high-temperature service to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
الاستخدام matching or slightly higher alloy filler metals (ER316 or ER316H) to reduce sensitization risk.
3. Heat Input and Distortion Control
Austenitic stainless steels expand more than carbon steels during welding.
الاستخدام moderate heat input and proper welding sequence to minimize distortion and residual stresses.
Avoid prolonged welding in one area to reduce localized sensitization.
4. Applications Leveraging Weldability
High-temperature piping, boilers, and pressure vessels
Chemical processing reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and power generation components
معدات تجهيز الأغذية والأدوية
الملخص
316H stainless steel is weldable with standard techniques, but the high carbon content requires careful attention to heat input, filler selection, and post-weld treatment. When properly welded, it maintains high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and structural integrity, ، مما يجعله مناسباً لـ pressure vessels, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
التصنيع
Fabrication of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ تطبيقات درجات الحرارة العالية. Its fabrication combines standard austenitic stainless steel techniques with special considerations due to the elevated carbon content, which affects weldability, work hardening, and heat treatment.
1. التشكيل
التشكيل على البارد
مناسب لـ bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping
Work hardens moderately; extensive deformation may require intermediate solution annealing to restore ductility
التشكيل على الساخن
Recommended for thicker sections or complex shapes
النطاق النموذجي 1010-1175 درجة مئوية (1850-2150 درجة فهرنهايت)
ينتج uniform mechanical properties and reduces work hardening
2. التقطيع والقص
يمكن قصه بـ الليزر، ووتر جت، البلازما، أو الطرق الميكانيكية
Sharp tools and proper feeds minimize work hardening and surface defects
3. التصنيع الآلي
Moderate machinability due to الصلادة وقابلية التصلد بالعمل
أدوات كربيد preferred for heavy-duty or high-speed operations
Coolants and lubricants reduce heat, improve surface finish, and extend tool life
4. اللحام
Can be welded using TIG, MIG, SMAW, and resistance welding
Higher carbon content increases risk of التحسيس, so post-weld solution annealing or stress relief may be needed for high-temperature service
الاستخدام matching or slightly higher alloy filler metals (ER316H) for optimal corrosion resistance
5. التشكيل على البارد والساخن
التشكيل على البارد increases strength via work hardening but decreases ductility
التشكيل على الساخن (forging, rolling) restores ductility and produces uniform grain structure
Proper process planning ensures both mechanical performance and corrosion resistance
6. تشطيب السطح
Standard finishes: 2B, BA, or polished
Post-fabrication pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface corrosion resistance
7. تطبيقات تستفيد من التصنيع
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and industrial high-temperature components
Food and pharmaceutical equipment requiring high strength and corrosion resistance
الملخص
316H stainless steel can be fabricated using standard forming, machining, and welding methods, but its high carbon content requires careful handling to prevent sensitization and maintain corrosion resistance. Proper hot/cold working, welding procedures, and heat treatment make it ideal for high-temperature and demanding industrial applications.
العمل الساخن
Hot Working of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ تطبيقات درجات الحرارة العالية. Hot working is used to form or shape thick or complex components while maintaining mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
1. درجة حرارة العمل الساخن الموصى بها
Typical temperature range: 1010-1175 درجة مئوية (1850-2150 درجة فهرنهايت)
Above this range, نمو الحبيبات may occur, reducing toughness
Below this range, flow stress increases, making forming more difficult
2. عمليات التشغيل على الساخن المناسبة
الدرفلة على الساخن Plates, sheets, and structural components
التشكيل على الساخن أجزاء عالية القوة أو معقدة الشكل
البثق الساخن: قضبان وأنابيب ومقاطع تعريف
الكبس الساخن/التشكيل Thick or large components that cannot be cold-worked
٣. مزايا التشكيل على الساخن
يخفض التصلد الانفعالي مقارنة بالتشغيل على البارد
تحسينات مَطْواعِيَّة وَصَلابَة
ينتج uniform grain structure and mechanical properties
تمكين التصنيع لـ مكونات كبيرة أو معقدة
4. معالجات ما بعد التشغيل على الساخن
التخمير بالمحلول قد يتم تطبيقه لتخفيف الإجهادات المتبقية واستعادة المطيلية
التخليل أو التخميل enhances surface corrosion resistance if needed
5. التطبيقات التي تستفيد من العمل الساخن
Pressure vessels, boilers, and piping in power plants
Heat exchangers and chemical reactors
Aerospace and industrial components subjected to high temperatures and stress
الملخص
316H stainless steel exhibits قابلية تشغيل على الساخن ممتازة, allowing shaping and forming at ١٠١٠–١١٧٥ درجة مئوية. Hot working improves ductility, toughness, and uniform mechanical properties while preserving corrosion resistance, making it ideal for pressure vessels, chemical, high-temperature, and industrial applications.
مقاومة الحرارة
Heat Resistance of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ تطبيقات درجات الحرارة العالية. Its increased carbon content provides enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures, ، مما يجعله مناسباً لـ pressure vessels, boilers, and high-temperature piping.
1. درجة حرارة الخدمة المستمرة
مناسب لـ continuous operation up to ~800°C (1470°F)
يحتفظ mechanical properties, tensile strength, and creep resistance at elevated temperatures
Prolonged exposure above this temperature may slightly reduce ductility or cause surface scaling
2. Intermittent or Cyclic Exposure
يمكن أن تتحمل short-term exposures above 800°C بدون تدهور كبير في السطح
مناسب لـ thermal cycling applications in industrial and power generation equipment
3. مقاومة الأكسدة
تشكل طبقة أكسيد الكروم الواقية that resists oxidation and scaling
أداء جيد في industrial furnaces, boilers, and heat exchangers
غير مناسب لـ strongly sulfidizing or highly oxidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures
4. Mechanical Properties at High Temperature
يحافظ tensile strength, creep resistance, and ductility
Hot-worked or cold-worked areas maintain good mechanical stability after proper heat treatment
Grain growth can occur if exposed to excessive heat without التلدين بالمحلول
5. Applications Leveraging Heat Resistance
High-temperature pressure vessels and boiler components
Chemical and petrochemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace components exposed to elevated temperatures
Food and pharmaceutical processing equipment requiring high-temperature service
الملخص
316H stainless steel offers أداء ممتاز في درجات الحرارة العالية, with continuous service up to ~800°C. Its high carbon content ensures superior tensile strength and creep resistance, while maintaining corrosion resistance in welded and high-temperature applications, making it ideal for power generation, chemical, industrial, and aerospace environments.
قابلية التصنيع
Machinability of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel الذي يُظهر قابلية تشغيل آلي معتدلة. Its toughness, work-hardening tendency, and relatively low thermal conductivity require careful tool selection, cutting speeds, and lubrication to achieve efficient machining with good surface finish.
1. سلوك التصلب في العمل
316H work-hardens rapidly during machining
Hardened surfaces increase cutting forces and accelerate tool wear
Smooth, continuous cutting reduces localized work hardening
2. توصيات الأدوات
أدوات كربيد are preferred for high-speed or heavy-duty machining
أدوات الصلب عالي السرعة (HSS) can be used for lighter cuts or slower operations
Positive rake angles help reduce cutting forces and improve surface finish
3. سرعات القطع والتغذية
الاستخدام slower cutting speeds compared with carbon steels
Moderate to heavy feeds maintain continuous chip flow and prevent hard spots
Avoid stopping or dwelling on the workpiece to prevent localized work hardening
4. التبريد والتشحيم
الاستخدام flood coolant or cutting fluid to minimize heat buildup
High-pressure lubrication helps evacuate chips efficiently
يخفض tool wear and improves surface finish
5. تشكيل الرقاقة
رقائق tough, stringy, and sticky
الاستخدام chip breakers or controlled feeds to manage chip formation
6. تشطيب السطح
Achievable with sharp tools, proper feeds, and adequate cooling
قد تتطلب المناطق المفلوذة بالعمل تمريرات نهائية for a smooth surface
الملخص
316H stainless steel has قابلية تشغيل آلي معتدلة, requiring careful tool selection, cutting parameters, and cooling. Proper machining ensures high-precision components with good surface finish and durability, ، مناسب ل high-temperature, chemical, marine, and industrial applications.
مقاومة التآكل
Corrosion Resistance of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مصممة لـ high-temperature and corrosive environments. Its composition provides excellent general corrosion resistance while maintaining strength at elevated temperatures.
1. مقاومة التآكل العامة
مقاوم ل oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mildly corrosive chemicals
أداء جيد في industrial, marine, and chemical environments
Maintains corrosion resistance even after welding or high-temperature service
2. Intergranular Corrosion
The higher carbon content slightly increases sensitization risk during welding
Post-weld solution annealing or stress-relief minimizes the risk of التآكل بين الخلايا الحبيبية
Suitable for welded components with proper heat treatment
3. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
Exhibits good resistance to chloride-induced corrosion
Better than 304/304L but slightly less than 316L in severe chloride conditions
مناسب لـ marine, coastal, and mildly aggressive chemical environments
4. التآكل في درجات الحرارة العالية
مقاوم ل الأكسدة والتأكل at elevated temperatures (continuous service up to ~800°C)
أداء جيد في steam, hot gases, and chemical processing environments
غير مناسب لـ strongly sulfidizing or highly oxidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures
٥. تطبيقات تستفيد من مقاومة التآكل
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and condensers
Marine components exposed to elevated temperatures
معدات تجهيز الأغذية والأدوية
الملخص
316H stainless steel combines excellent high-temperature strength مع مقاومة جيدة للتآكل, ، خاصة في welded and industrial applications. Proper post-weld heat treatment ensures durability, making it ideal for power generation, chemical, marine, and industrial applications.
المعالجة الحرارية
Heat Treatment of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. المعالجة الحرارية تستخدم بشكل أساسي ل تخفيف الإجهادات، استعادة المتانة، والحفاظ على مقاومة التآكل, particularly after welding or cold working.
1. التلدين الانصهار
الغرض:
استعادة المرونة بعد التشغيل على البارد أو التشكيل
تخفيف الإجهادات المتبقية
Dissolve any undesired chromium carbides formed during high-temperature exposure
نطاق درجة الحرارة: 1010-1120 درجة مئوية (1850-2050 درجة فهرنهايت)
التبريد: Rapid air or water quench to preserve austenitic structure
التأثير:
Restores mechanical properties
Maintains corrosion resistance due to titanium or high-carbon stabilization
2. Stress Relief Annealing
الغرض: تقليل الضغوط المتبقية من التشكيل، أو الثني، أو اللحام
نطاق درجة الحرارة: 450-650 درجة مئوية (840-1200 درجة فهرنهايت)
التأثير:
Minimizes distortion
Reduces risk of stress corrosion cracking without significantly altering mechanical properties
3. Post-Weld Heat Treatment
Generally recommended for high-temperature service applications
Relieves welding-induced stresses and reduces risk of sensitization
Helps maintain mechanical strength and corrosion resistance
4. Cold-Worked Condition Considerations
التشكيل على البارد يزيد القوة و لكن يقلل المطيلية
Intermediate solution annealing may be applied to restore formability for further fabrication
5. القيود
المعالجة الحرارية لا تزيد الصلابة بشكل كبير
Excessive exposure at elevated temperatures may reduce cold-work strengthening effects slightly
الملخص
Heat treatment of 316H stainless steel is primarily for تخفيف الإجهاد واستعادة الليونة والحفاظ على مقاومة التآكل. Proper solution annealing and stress relief ensure optimal mechanical properties for pressure vessels, boilers, chemical equipment, and high-temperature applications.
العمل البارد
Cold Working of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel مع خصائص العمل البارد الجيدة. التشكيل على البارد يزيد القوة والصلابة through work hardening while maintaining good corrosion resistance and ductility, provided it is managed carefully.
1. سلوك التصلب في العمل
316H stainless steel work-hardens moderately to rapidly أثناء التشوه البارد.
تزداد الصلابة والمتانة، بينما تنخفض المطيلية مع تقدم التشوه.
قد يتطلب العمل على البارد على نطاق واسع التلدين بالمحلول to restore ductility before further fabrication.
2. Cold Working Processes
يتدحرج: صفائح، شرائح، وألواح
الرسم: أنابيب، قضبان، وأسلاك
الثني والتشكيل: المكونات الهيكلية، الأقواس، والمشابك
الختم والرسم العميق: Industrial, food-processing, and chemical equipment components
3. Mechanical Property Control
التشكيل على البارد يسمح بتعديل قوة الشد وقوة الخضوع والصلابة.
Intermediate solution annealing can restore ductility for further forming operations.
4. التأثير على مقاومة التآكل
High carbon content slightly increases sensitization risk, but proper stress relief or solution annealing after cold work preserves intergranular corrosion resistance.
Suitable for components exposed to chemical, marine, or high-temperature environments.
5. اعتبارات ما بعد التشكيل
Solution annealing may be applied to relieve stresses and restore ductility if multiple cold-working steps are planned.
Cold working may induce slight magnetism due to minor strain-induced martensite formation.
6. تطبيقات تستفيد من العمل البارد
Springs, clips, and fasteners requiring higher strength
Structural components with both strength and corrosion resistance
Tubes, rods, and wires for chemical, marine, and high-temperature equipment
Formed components for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications
الملخص
316H stainless steel exhibits خصائص تشغيل على البارد ممتازة, allowing increased strength through work hardening while preserving corrosion resistance. Proper management of deformation and heat treatment ensures durable, high-performance components suitable for pressure vessels, chemical, marine, and high-temperature applications.
