Зэвэрдэггүй ган, аустенит төрөл
316H Stainless Steel (S31609)
A high carbon modification of alloy 316 developed for use in elevated temperature service.
The alloy has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is used for structural and pressure vessel applications at temperatures above 932°F (500°C). The higher carbon content of 316H also delivers higher tensile and yield strength than 316/316L and its austenitic structure provides excellent toughness down to cryogenic temperatures.
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon, high-temperature variant of 316, combining enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures with excellent corrosion resistance. It is widely used in power generation, chemical processing, aerospace, and industrial applications where both high strength and corrosion resistance are essential.
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316H Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Систем / Стандарт | Улс / Бүс нутаг | Ангилал / Албан тушаал |
| AISI | АНУ | 316H |
| АНУ-ын Нэгдсэн Улсууд | Олон улсын | S31609 |
| EN / W.Nr. | Европ | 1.4401 (316 base grade) |
| Нэр (англи хэл дээр) | Европ | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
| ASTM A240 | АНУ | Type 316H (plate, sheet) |
| ASTM A182 | АНУ | F316H (forgings, flanges) |
| ASTM A213 | АНУ | TP316H (boiler & heat-exchanger tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | АНУ | TP316H (seamless pipe) |
| ГБ | Хятад | 07Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| JIS | Япон | SUS316H |
| BS | Их Британи | 316H |
| АФНОР | Франц | Z10CNS17-13 (approx. 316H type) |
Хувийн шинж чанарууд
Химийн найрлага
316H Stainless Steel Bar
EN 10269:2013
| Химийн элемент | % Одоо |
| Нүүрстөрөгч (C) | 0.04 - 0.08 |
| Хромын (Cr) | 16.50 - 18.50 |
| Молибден (Mo) | 2.00 - 2.50 |
| Кремний (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Фосфор (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Үлэмж (S) | 0.00 - 0.02 |
| Никель (Ni) | 10.00 - 13.00 |
| Манган (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Азот (N) | 0.00 - 0.10 |
| Төмөр (Fe) | Тэнцвэр |
Механик шинж чанарууд
316H Stainless Steel Bar Up to 160mm
EN 10269:2013
| Механик шинж чанар | Үнэ цэнэ |
| Баталгаажуулах стресс | 205 хамгийн бага MPa |
| Суналтын бат бэх | 490 to 690 MPa |
| Уртлалт A50 мм | 35 % |
Ерөнхий физик шинж чанарууд
| Физик шинж чанар | Үнэ цэнэ |
| Шигшүүр | 8.00 g/cm³ |
| Хайлах цэг | 1400 °C |
| Дулааны өргөлт | 15.9 x 10⁻⁶/К |
| Уян хатуугийн модуль | 193 ГПа |
| Дулааны дамжуулалт | 16.3 Вт/м·К |
| Цахилгаан эсэргүүцэл | 0.74 x 10⁻⁶ Ω·м |
Applications of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel зориулсан Өндөр температурын хэрэглээ where Бат бэх ба зэврэлтэнд тэсвэр are critical. Its high carbon content gives it superior tensile strength at elevated temperatures, making it ideal for welded and high-stress components.
1. Power Generation
Boilers, superheaters, and steam piping in power plants
Pressure vessels and heat exchangers exposed to high-temperature steam
Components that require high creep and tensile strength
2. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Reactors, vessels, and piping handling corrosive or high-temperature chemicals
Heat exchangers and condensers operating under elevated temperature conditions
Equipment exposed to oxidizing and mildly reducing environments
3. Aerospace and High-Temperature Engineering
Exhaust systems, turbocharger components, and high-temperature welded assemblies
Applications where both strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures are essential
4. Food and Pharmaceutical Processing
High-temperature sterilization equipment
Heat exchangers and vessels in hygienic applications where corrosion resistance is crucial
5. Marine and Offshore Applications
Components exposed to elevated-temperature seawater or coastal atmospheres
Pump shafts, valves, and fittings where high strength is needed under corrosion exposure
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel is widely used in high-temperature industrial, chemical, marine, aerospace, and food-processing applications. Түүний high carbon content and excellent corrosion resistance make it suitable for pressure vessels, boilers, piping, heat exchangers, and welded assemblies operating under demanding conditions.
Characteristics of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon, austenitic stainless steel зориулсан өндөр температурын үйлчилгээ. It retains the excellent corrosion resistance of standard 316 stainless steel while offering enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures due to its higher carbon content.
1. High-Temperature Strength
Increased carbon content (typically 0.04–0.10%) provides higher tensile and creep strength than 316 or 316L at elevated temperatures.
Suitable for continuous service at temperatures up to ~800°C (1470°F).
Хамгаалж хадгалах mechanical integrity under high thermal stress.
2. Хортон үйлдэлд тэсвэрлэх чадвар
Маш сайн тэсвэрлэх чадвар general corrosion, oxidation, and mildly reducing chemicals.
Сайн ажилладаг oxidizing environments such as atmospheric, chemical, and marine conditions.
Retains corrosion resistance after гагнуур, although stress relief may be recommended for high-temperature applications.
3. Механик шинж чанарууд
High tensile strength and yield strength compared to standard 316 stainless steel.
Сайн Суналт ба бат бэх чанар, even at elevated temperatures.
Cold working improves strength further but reduces ductility.
4. Үйлдвэрлэл ба гагнагддаг байдал
Weldable using TIG, MIG, SMAW processes.
Stress relief after welding is sometimes recommended to minimize thermal stresses in high-temperature applications.
Болж болно hot- or cold-worked with proper process controls.
5. Applications Leveraging Characteristics
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical and petrochemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and high-temperature industrial components
Food and pharmaceutical equipment requiring both corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel combines the high-temperature strength of a high-carbon austenitic steel with the excellent corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel. It is particularly suited for pressure vessels, high-temperature piping, chemical equipment, and welded assemblies operating under demanding thermal and corrosive environments.
Нэмэлт мэдээлэл
Гандах чадвар
Weldability of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel, a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel, is generally weldable using conventional methods, though care must be taken due to its илүү их нүүрстөрөгчийн агууламж, нь ...-ийн эрсдэлийг нэмэгдүүлж болно sensitization and intergranular corrosion Халуун нөлөөлөлд өртсөн бүсэд.
1. Тохиромжтой гагнуурын аргууд
TIG (GTAW): Ideal for precise welds and thin sections
MIG (GMAW): Suitable for thicker sections and industrial applications
SMAW (Stick Welding): Common for maintenance and field welding
Цахилгаан эсэргүүцлийн гагнуур: Spot and seam welding for sheet metal applications
2. Considerations Due to High Carbon
Нүүрстөрөгчийн агууламж өндөр байх нь ... эрсдэлийг нэмэгдүүлдэг хромын карбидын шингэлэлт гагнаж байх үед.
Post-weld solution annealing or stress relief is recommended for high-temperature service to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Ашиглах matching or slightly higher alloy filler metals (ER316 or ER316H) to reduce sensitization risk.
3. Heat Input and Distortion Control
Austenitic stainless steels expand more than carbon steels during welding.
Ашиглах Дунд зэргийн дулааны оролт and proper welding sequence to minimize distortion and residual stresses.
Avoid prolonged welding in one area to reduce localized sensitization.
4. Applications Leveraging Weldability
High-temperature piping, boilers, and pressure vessels
Chemical processing reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and power generation components
Хүнс, эмийн боловсруулах тоног төхөөрөмж
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel is weldable with standard techniques, but the high carbon content requires careful attention to heat input, filler selection, and post-weld treatment. When properly welded, it maintains high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and structural integrity, ингэснээр үүнийг ...-д тохиромжтой болгож байна pressure vessels, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Бэлтгэл
Fabrication of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel зориулсан Өндөр температурын хэрэглээ. Its fabrication combines standard austenitic stainless steel techniques with special considerations due to the elevated carbon content, which affects weldability, work hardening, and heat treatment.
1. Бүтээх
Хүйтэн хэлбэрлэлт:
Тохиромжтой bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping
Work hardens moderately; extensive deformation may require intermediate solution annealing to restore ductility
Халуун хэлбэржүүлэх:
Recommended for thicker sections or complex shapes
Ердийн хүрээ: 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F)
Үйлдвэрлэнэ тэгш механик шинж чанарууд and reduces work hardening
2. Таслах ба хайчлах
Хэрчээж болно laser, waterjet, plasma, or mechanical methods
Sharp tools and proper feeds minimize work hardening and surface defects
3. Машин боловсруулалт
Moderate machinability due to toughness and work-hardening tendency
Карбид багаж preferred for heavy-duty or high-speed operations
Coolants and lubricants reduce heat, improve surface finish, and extend tool life
4. Ганхалга
Ашиглан гагнаж болно TIG, MIG, SMAW, and resistance welding
Higher carbon content increases risk of эмзэгжүүлэх, so post-weld solution annealing or stress relief may be needed for high-temperature service
Ашиглах matching or slightly higher alloy filler metals (ER316H) for optimal corrosion resistance
5. Cold and Hot Working
Cold working increases strength via work hardening but decreases ductility
Hot working (forging, rolling) restores ductility and produces uniform grain structure
Proper process planning ensures both mechanical performance and corrosion resistance
6. Гадаргууг дуусгах
Standard finishes: 2B, BA, or polished
Post-fabrication pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface corrosion resistance
7. Үйлдвэрлэлийг ашигласан хэрэглээ
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace and industrial high-temperature components
Food and pharmaceutical equipment requiring high strength and corrosion resistance
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel can be fabricated using standard forming, machining, and welding methods, гэхдээ its high carbon content requires careful handling to prevent sensitization and maintain corrosion resistance. Proper hot/cold working, welding procedures, and heat treatment make it ideal for high-temperature and demanding industrial applications.
Хот Воркинг
Hot Working of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel зориулсан Өндөр температурын хэрэглээ. Hot working is used to form or shape thick or complex components while maintaining механик бат бэх байдал ба зэврэлтэнд тэсвэрлэх чадвар.
1. Зөвлөсөн халуун ажиллах температур
Typical temperature range: 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F)
Above this range, булгийн өсөлт may occur, reducing toughness
Below this range, flow stress increases, making forming more difficult
2. Тохиромжтой халуун боловсруулалтын процессууд
Халуун хавталт: Plates, sheets, and structural components
Халуун цутгаж хэлбэрлэх: High-strength or complex-shaped parts
Халуун экструзион: Rods, tubes, and profiles
Халуун шахалт/дүрэх: Thick or large components that cannot be cold-worked
3. Халуун боловсруулалтын давуу талууд
Бууруулна Ажлын хатуужил хүйтэн боловсруулалттай харьцуулахад
Сайн болгодог Суналт ба бат бэх чанар
Үйлдвэрлэнэ uniform grain structure and mechanical properties
Үйлдвэрлэлийг боломжтой болгодог их эсвэл төвөгтэй бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгүүд
4. Халуун ажиллах дараах боловсруулалт
Шийдэлд халаах may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore ductility
Химийн боловсруулалт эсвэл пассиваци enhances surface corrosion resistance if needed
5. Халуун боловсруулалтыг ашигласан хэрэглээ
Pressure vessels, boilers, and piping in power plants
Heat exchangers and chemical reactors
Aerospace and industrial components subjected to high temperatures and stress
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel exhibits маш сайн халуунд боловсруулах боломжтой, allowing shaping and forming at 1010–1175°С. Халуун боловсруулалт сайжруулдаг ductility, toughness, and uniform mechanical properties while preserving corrosion resistance, making it ideal for pressure vessels, chemical, high-temperature, and industrial applications.
Дулаан тэсвэрлэх чадвар
Heat Resistance of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel зориулсан Өндөр температурын хэрэглээ. Its increased carbon content provides enhanced tensile strength at elevated temperatures, ингэснээр үүнийг ...-д тохиромжтой болгож байна pressure vessels, boilers, and high-temperature piping.
1. Тасралтгүй үйлчилгээний температур
Тохиромжтой continuous operation up to ~800°C (1470°F)
Хамгаалж хадгалах mechanical properties, tensile strength, and creep resistance өндөр температурт
Prolonged exposure above this temperature may slightly reduce ductility or cause surface scaling
2. Intermittent or Cyclic Exposure
Зүтгэж чадна short-term exposures above 800°C without significant surface degradation
Тохиромжтой thermal cycling applications in industrial and power generation equipment
3. Оксидацийн эсэргүүцэл
a үүсгэдэг Хамгаалалтын хромын исэл давхарга that resists oxidation and scaling
Сайн ажилладаг industrial furnaces, boilers, and heat exchangers
Тохиромжгүй strongly sulfidizing or highly oxidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures
4. Mechanical Properties at High Temperature
Хадгалах tensile strength, creep resistance, and ductility
Hot-worked or cold-worked areas maintain good mechanical stability after proper heat treatment
Grain growth can occur if exposed to excessive heat without шийдлийн халаах
5. Applications Leveraging Heat Resistance
High-temperature pressure vessels and boiler components
Chemical and petrochemical reactors and heat exchangers
Aerospace components exposed to elevated temperatures
Food and pharmaceutical processing equipment requiring high-temperature service
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel offers excellent high-temperature performance, with continuous service up to ~800°C. Its high carbon content ensures superior tensile strength and creep resistance, while maintaining corrosion resistance in welded and high-temperature applications, making it ideal for power generation, chemical, industrial, and aerospace environments.
Машинлах боломжтой байдал
Machinability of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel that exhibits дунд зэргийн боловсруулах боломжтой байдал. Its toughness, work-hardening tendency, and relatively low thermal conductivity require careful tool selection, cutting speeds, and lubrication to achieve efficient machining with good surface finish.
1. Ажлын хатуужилтын зан байдал
316H work-hardens rapidly during machining
Hardened surfaces increase cutting forces and accelerate tool wear
Smooth, continuous cutting reduces localized work hardening
2. Тоног төхөөрөмжийн зөвлөмжүүд
Карбид багаж are preferred for high-speed or heavy-duty machining
Өндөр хурдны ган (HSS) багаж can be used for lighter cuts or slower operations
Positive rake angles help reduce cutting forces and improve surface finish
3. Зүсэх хурд ба тэжээх хурд
Ашиглах slower cutting speeds compared with carbon steels
Moderate to heavy feeds maintain continuous chip flow and prevent hard spots
Avoid stopping or dwelling on the workpiece to prevent localized work hardening
4. Хөргөлт ба тослолт
Ашиглах flood coolant or cutting fluid to minimize heat buildup
High-pressure lubrication helps evacuate chips efficiently
Бууруулна tool wear and improves surface finish
5. Чипний үүсэл
Чипсүүд нь tough, stringy, and sticky
Ашиглах chip breakers or controlled feeds to manage chip formation
6. Гадаргуугийн өнгөлгөө
Achievable with sharp tools, proper feeds, and adequate cooling
Work-hardened areas may require дуусгах дамжуулалтууд for a smooth surface
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel has дунд зэргийн боловсруулах боломжтой байдал, requiring careful tool selection, cutting parameters, and cooling. Proper machining ensures high-precision components with good surface finish and durability, тохиромжтой high-temperature, chemical, marine, and industrial applications.
Зэврэлт тэсвэр
Corrosion Resistance of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel зориулсан high-temperature and corrosive environments. Its composition provides excellent general corrosion resistance хамгаалж байхдаа strength at elevated temperatures.
1. Ерөнхий зэврэлт тэсвэрлэх чадвар
Тэсвэртэй oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mildly corrosive chemicals
Сайн ажилладаг industrial, marine, and chemical environments
Maintains corrosion resistance even after welding or high-temperature service
2. Intergranular Corrosion
The higher carbon content slightly increases sensitization risk during welding
Post-weld solution annealing or stress-relief minimizes the risk of бөөм хоорондын зэврэлт
Suitable for welded components with proper heat treatment
3. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
Үзэсгэлэнгийн дээжүүд good resistance to chloride-induced corrosion
Better than 304/304L but slightly less than 316L in severe chloride conditions
Тохиромжтой marine, coastal, and mildly aggressive chemical environments
4. Өндөр температурын зэврэлт
Тэсвэртэй оксидаци болон царцуу үүсэлт at elevated temperatures (continuous service up to ~800°C)
Сайн ажилладаг steam, hot gases, and chemical processing environments
Тохиромжгүй strongly sulfidizing or highly oxidizing atmospheres at extreme temperatures
5. Хортон үйлчлэлд тэсвэрийг ашигласан хэрэглээ
High-temperature pressure vessels, boilers, and piping
Chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and condensers
Marine components exposed to elevated temperatures
Хүнс, эмийн боловсруулах тоног төхөөрөмж
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel combines excellent high-temperature strength тэж сайн зэврэлт тэсвэрлэлт, ялангуяа welded and industrial applications. Зөв post-weld heat treatment ensures durability, making it ideal for power generation, chemical, marine, and industrial applications.
Дулааны боловсруулалт
Heat Treatment of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel. Бусад аустенит төрлийн зэвэрдэггүй гангуудтай адил, энэ нь Уламжлалт халаалтын аргаар хатууруулж болдоггүй. Дулааны боловсруулалт нь голчлон ашиглагддаг Хүчлэлийг багасгах, зөөлөн урсах чадварыг сэргээх, зэврэлтэнд тэсвэрлэх чадварыг хадгалах, particularly after welding or cold working.
1. Шийдлийн халаах
Зорилго:
Restore ductility after cold working or forming
Үлдэгдэл стрессыг тайлах
Dissolve any undesired chromium carbides formed during high-temperature exposure
Температурын хүрээ: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Хөргөлт: Rapid air or water quench to preserve austenitic structure
Үр нөлөө:
Restores mechanical properties
Maintains corrosion resistance due to titanium or high-carbon stabilization
2. Stress Relief Annealing
Зорилго: Бүтээх, нугалах эсвэл гагнахаас үүссэн үлдэгдэл стрессийг бууруулах
Температурын хүрээ: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Үр нөлөө:
Minimizes distortion
Reduces risk of стрессийн коррозийн цуурал without significantly altering mechanical properties
3. Post-Weld Heat Treatment
Generally recommended for high-temperature service applications
Relieves welding-induced stresses and reduces risk of sensitization
Helps maintain механик бат бэх байдал ба зэврэлтэнд тэсвэрлэх чадвар
4. Cold-Worked Condition Considerations
Cold working increases strength but decreases ductility
Intermediate solution annealing may be applied to restore formability for further fabrication
5. Хязгаарлалт
Дулааны боловсруулалт Хатуулагыг мэдэгдэхүйц нэмэгдүүлдэггүй
Excessive exposure at elevated temperatures may reduce cold-work strengthening effects slightly
Товч агуулга
Heat treatment of 316H stainless steel is primarily for стресс тайлалт, уян хатан чанарыг сэргээх, зэврэлтэнд тэсвэрлэх чадварыг хадгалах. Зөв шийдлийн халаалт ба стресс тайлалт ensure optimal mechanical properties for pressure vessels, boilers, chemical equipment, and high-temperature applications.
Хүйтэн боловсруулалт
Cold Working of 316H Stainless Steel
316H stainless steel is a high-carbon austenitic stainless steel тэж good cold-working characteristics. Хүйтэн боловсруулалт нэмэгддэг бат бэх, хатуулаг through work hardening while maintaining good corrosion resistance and ductility, provided it is managed carefully.
1. Ажлын хатуужилтын зан байдал
316H stainless steel work-hardens moderately to rapidly Хүйтэн деформацийн явцад.
Деформаци үргэлжлэх тусам бат бэх болон хатуулаг нэмэгдэж, харин уян хатан чанар буурдаг.
Extensive cold working may require шийдлийн халаах to restore ductility before further fabrication.
2. Cold Working Processes
Гүйлгэх: Хавтан, тууз, хавтгай хавтан
Зураг: Хоолой, саваа, утас
Мөчирч, хэлбэржүүлэх: Бүтцийн бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгүүд, бэхэлгээ, хавчуурга
Штамплах ба гүн татах: Industrial, food-processing, and chemical equipment components
3. Mechanical Property Control
Хүйтэн боловсруулалт нь тохируулах боломжийг олгодог Суналтын бат бэх, хөнгөлтийн бат бэх, хатуулаг.
Intermediate solution annealing can restore зулзайх чадвар for further forming operations.
4. Хортон үйлчилгээнд тэсвэрлэх чадварт үзүүлэх нөлөө
High carbon content slightly increases sensitization risk, but proper stress relief or solution annealing after cold work preserves intergranular corrosion resistance.
Нөлөөлөлд өртөх бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгүүдэд тохиромжтой chemical, marine, or high-temperature environments.
5. Хэлбэржүүлсний дараах анхаарах зүйлс
Solution annealing may be applied to relieve stresses and restore ductility if multiple cold-working steps are planned.
Cold working may induce slight magnetism due to minor strain-induced martensite formation.
6. Хүйтэн ажлыг ашигласан хэрэглээнүүд
Springs, clips, and fasteners requiring higher strength
Structural components with both Бат бэх ба зэврэлтэнд тэсвэр
Tubes, rods, and wires for chemical, marine, and high-temperature equipment
Formed components for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications
Товч агуулга
316H stainless steel exhibits хүйтэн боловсруулахад гайхалтай шинж чанарууд, allowing increased strength through work hardening while preserving corrosion resistance. Proper management of deformation and heat treatment ensures durable, high-performance components suitable for pressure vessels, chemical, marine, and high-temperature applications.
