Stainless Steel, Austenitic
S310S Stainless Steel (31008) Sheet and Plate
A low carbon version of grade 310 that is less prone to embrittlement and sensitization in service.
An austenitic chromium nickel grade, Alloy 310S displays excellent oxidation resistance up to 1094°C
Alloy 310S displays excellent resistance to oxidation under mildly cyclic conditions. As a result of its high chromium and nickel content, alloy 310S has good resistance to sulphidation and other forms of hot corrosion.
Combined with its low carbon content, the metal is also effective at resisting embrittlement. The metal is commonly utilized in extreme conditions, such as furnace manufacturing and heat treating equipment.
While both hot and work practices can be applied, cold working is not commonly done on stainless steel 310S; however, it is the only way to work harden the metal. This resistance to cold temperatures is useful in cryogenic environments, as 310S is incredibly tough. However, it can be subject to thermal shock and therefore should be treated and hot-worked with care.
310S is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications where both strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment.
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S310S Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistema / Estándar | País / Región | Grado / Designación |
| AISI | EE.UU. | 310S |
| UNS | Internacional | S31008 |
| AISI (related) | EE.UU. | 310 (standard carbon, UNS S31000) |
| ES / W.Nr. | Europa | 1.4845 |
| ES Nombre | Europa | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | EE.UU. | 310 / 310S (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | EE.UU. | 310 / 310S (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | EE.UU. | TP310S (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | EE.UU. | TP310S (seamless pipe) |
| GB | China | 06Cr25Ni20 |
| JIS | Japón | SUS310S |
Propiedades
Composición química
S31008 Plate
ASTM A240
| Elemento químico | % Presente |
| Carbono (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Cromo (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Níquel (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Manganeso (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Fósforo (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Azufre (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silicio (Si) | 0.00 - 1.50 |
| Hierro (Fe) | Equilibrio |
Propiedades mecánicas
Sheet and Plate
ASTM A240
| Propiedad mecánica | Valor |
| Prueba Estrés | 205 Min MPa |
| Resistencia a la tracción | 515 Min MPa |
| Alargamiento A50 mm | 40 Min % |
Applications of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel con excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content improves weldability and minimizes the risk of sensitization, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring both high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Resumen
310S stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Su austenitic, low-carbon structure makes it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel conocida por su excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content makes it particularly suitable for welding and fabrication in high-temperature environments.
1. High-Temperature Resistance
Maintains strength and structural integrity at elevated temperatures.
Resiste oxidation and scaling in continuous service up to approximately 1020°C (1870°F).
Suitable for intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 1100°C (2010°F).
2. Resistencia a la corrosión
Good general corrosion resistance in oxidizing atmospheres.
Performs well in mild chemical environments.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitization and intergranular corrosion, especially in welded components.
3. Mechanical Properties
Excellent ductility and toughness at both high and low temperatures.
Stable austenitic structure ensures consistent performance under thermal stress.
4. Fabrication and Weldability
Easily fabricated and welded due to low carbon content.
Can be cold worked and formed into complex shapes without losing corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components, kilns, and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Industrial piping and storage tanks exposed to high temperatures
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Resumen
310S stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Su austenitic, low-carbon structure makes it ideal for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications where both durability and corrosion resistance are essential.
Información adicional
Fabricación
Fabrication of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel conocida por su excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content enhances weldability and resistance to sensitization, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes.
1. Formando
Trabajo en frío:
Can be bent, drawn, or rolled, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Trabajo en caliente:
Temperatura recomendada: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Suitable for forging, hot rolling, and extrusion of thick or complex parts.
2. Welding
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitization and intergranular corrosion.
Filler metals: Typically 310S or 310 grades to maintain corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance.
Post-weld pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface protection.
3. Machining
Machinability is moderado, with rapid work hardening tendencies.
Utilice sharp carbide tools, appropriate feed rates, and coolants for efficient cutting.
4. Post-Fabrication Treatments
Annealing: Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers to restore corrosion resistance.
5. Aplicaciones relacionadas con la fabricación
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Aerospace and automotive components requiring high-temperature performance
Resumen
310S stainless steel is highly fabricable using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Its low-carbon austenitic structure ensures excellent weldability, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, por lo que es adecuado para industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Soldabilidad
Weldability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel con excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Su low carbon content enhances weldability and reduces the risk of sensitization, making it suitable for various welding processes.
1. Welding Methods
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW) – for precision and clean welds
MIG (GMAW) – for faster, efficient welding
SMAW (Stick Welding) – for general fabrication
FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding) – suitable for thicker sections
2. Consideraciones sobre la soldadura
Low carbon content minimizes intergranular corrosion risk after welding.
Preheating is usually not required, except for very thick sections to reduce distortion.
Adecuado filler metals (typically 310S or 310) are recommended to maintain high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatments
Solution annealing is sometimes applied for high-temperature service to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
Pickling and passivation can remove oxides and enhance corrosion resistance of welded areas.
4. Aplicaciones relacionadas con la soldabilidad
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Industrial structures exposed to high temperatures
Resumen
310S stainless steel has excellent weldability due to its low-carbon austenitic structure, allowing it to be joined using conventional welding techniques. Proper welding ensures strong, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature capable joints, por lo que es adecuado para furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Maquinabilidad
Machinability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Like most austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits maquinabilidad moderada, primarily due to its high work-hardening tendency.
1. Work Hardening
310S stainless steel el trabajo se endurece rápidamente, especially under light cuts or interrupted machining.
Excessive work hardening can lead to tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Utilice sharp cutting tools and maintain consistent feed and speed to minimize work hardening.
2. Recomendaciones sobre herramientas
Carbide tools are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
Rigid workholding is recommended to reduce vibration and chatter.
3. Cutting Conditions
Moderate to low cutting speeds to avoid overheating and maintain surface finish.
Adequate coolant or lubrication helps reduce heat buildup and extends tool life.
Control feed rates and depth of cut to maintain dimensional accuracy and prevent work hardening.
4. Chip Formation
Produces long, ductile chips due to its austenitic structure.
Utilice chip breakers or controlled cutting to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Industrial components requiring high-temperature corrosion resistance
Heat exchangers, furnace components, and boiler parts
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Chemical processing equipment requiring precision machining
Resumen
310S stainless steel has maquinabilidad moderada, with a tendency to work harden quickly. Using appropriate tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant, efficient machining and good surface finish can be achieved. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance makes it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Resistencia a la corrosión
Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel con excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, particularly in high-temperature environments. Its low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitization, making it ideal for welded and high-temperature applications.
1. High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance
Excellent resistance to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures.
Can withstand continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F) and intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Forms a stable chromium oxide layer that protects the surface from scaling and degradation.
2. General Corrosion Resistance
Good resistance to mild chemical environments and oxidizing media.
Low carbon content prevents sensitization, reducing the risk of intergranular corrosion in welded sections.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Performs well against crevice and pitting corrosion in oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for chloride-rich environments at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Aplicaciones relacionadas con la resistencia a la corrosión
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Resumen
310S stainless steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, especially in oxidizing and high-temperature environments. Su low-carbon, austenitic structure ensures resistance to intergranular corrosion, making it ideal for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to high temperatures.
Trabajo en frío
Cold Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel con good ductility, allowing various cold working operations. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance during forming, but like other austenitic steels, it exhibits endurecimiento del trabajo.
1. Common Cold Working Processes
Doblado y conformado: Suitable for sheets, trays, piping, and structural components.
Rodando: Produces strips, sheets, and coils for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for complex shapes in furnace components or chemical equipment.
Perforación y cizallamiento: Suitable for components requiring precision cutting.
2. Endurecimiento del trabajo
310S stainless steel el trabajo se endurece rápidamente, increasing tensile strength but reducing ductility.
Intermediate annealing may be required after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Consideraciones sobre la fabricación
Apply deformación gradual to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
Cold-worked components may require stress relief if used in high-temperature service.
4. Aplicaciones relacionadas con el trabajo en frío
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical industries
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Resumen
310S stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working increases strength through endurecimiento del trabajo while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Tratamiento térmico
Heat Treatment of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for high-temperature and oxidizing environments. As an austenitic stainless steel, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is primarily used to relieve stresses, restore ductility, and maintain corrosion resistance.
1. Solution Annealing
Propósito: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from cold working or welding, and maintain corrosion resistance.
Rango de temperaturas: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Refrigeración: Rapid air or water quenching to prevent carbide precipitation and maintain corrosion resistance.
2. Stress Relief
Propósito: Reduce residual stresses from welding, machining, or forming.
Rango de temperaturas: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Mejora dimensional stability and reduces risk of stress-related cracking in service.
3. Effects of Heat Treatment
Restores ductilidad y tenacidad in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves internal stresses, improving high-temperature performance.
Maintains corrosion resistance, especially in welded components.
4. Surface Treatments Post Heat
Decapado o pasivado may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale, oxides, or discoloration and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.
5. Aplicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento térmico
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Resumen
Heat treatment of 310S stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, maintaining ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Resistencia al calor
Heat Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel designed for excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation, and scaling resistance. Its chemical composition ensures performance in continuous and intermittent high-temperature service.
1. Temperatura de servicio continuo
Adecuado para continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F).
Maintains mechanical strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.
2. Exposición intermitente
Puede tolerar short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Ideal for components subjected to thermal cycling or fluctuating high temperatures.
3. Oxidation and Scaling Resistance
Forms a stable chromium oxide layer on the surface, protecting against scaling and corrosion.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitization and intergranular corrosion, even after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Limitations
Not recommended for high-chloride or highly reducing environments at elevated temperatures, as stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive parts exposed to extreme heat
Resumen
310S stainless steel offers excellent heat resistance, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and oxidation protection at temperatures up to 1020°C continuous and 1100°C intermittent. Su low-carbon austenitic structure ensures reliable performance in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Trabajo en caliente
Hot Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel es un low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Hot working enables shaping and forming while minimizing endurecimiento del trabajo and maintaining the steel’s mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Temperatura de trabajo en caliente recomendada
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Proper temperature control prevents crecimiento del grano and ensures uniform mechanical properties.
2. Procesos de trabajo en caliente
Laminación en caliente: Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.
Forja: Suitable for structural or high-temperature components.
Extrusión: Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Conformado y prensado en caliente: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Ventajas del trabajo en caliente
Reduce endurecimiento del trabajo en comparación con el trabajo en frío.
Mejora ductility, toughness, and formability.
Enables fabrication of large, thick, or complex components suitable for high-temperature service.
4. Post-Hot Working Treatments
Recocido may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Decapado o pasivado can enhance surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Aplicaciones relacionadas con el trabajo en caliente
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Resumen
310S stainless steel exhibits excellent hot working characteristics, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables production of components for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
