Baja Tahan Karat, Austenitik
S310S Stainless Steel (31008) Sheet and Plate
A low carbon version of grade 310 that is less prone to embrittlement and sensitization in service.
An austenitic chromium nickel grade, Alloy 310S displays excellent oxidation resistance up to 1094°C
Alloy 310S displays excellent resistance to oxidation under mildly cyclic conditions. As a result of its high chromium and nickel content, alloy 310S has good resistance to sulphidation and other forms of hot corrosion.
Combined with its low carbon content, the metal is also effective at resisting embrittlement. The metal is commonly utilized in extreme conditions, such as furnace manufacturing and heat treating equipment.
While both hot and work practices can be applied, cold working is not commonly done on stainless steel 310S; however, it is the only way to work harden the metal. This resistance to cold temperatures is useful in cryogenic environments, as 310S is incredibly tough. However, it can be subject to thermal shock and therefore should be treated and hot-worked with care.
310S is widely used in high-temperature industrial applications where both strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as furnaces, heat exchangers, and thermal processing equipment.
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S310S Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Sistem / Standar | Negara / Wilayah | Kelas / Peruntukan |
| AISI | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 310S |
| UNS | Internasional | S31008 |
| AISI (related) | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 310 (standard carbon, UNS S31000) |
| EN / W.Nr. | Eropa | 1.4845 |
| EN Nama | Eropa | X8CrNi25-21 |
| ASTM A240 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 310 / 310S (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | 310 / 310S (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | TP310S (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | AMERIKA SERIKAT | TP310S (seamless pipe) |
| GB | Cina | 06Cr25Ni20 |
| JIS | Jepang | SUS310S |
Properti
Komposisi Kimia
S31008 Plate
ASTM A240
| Elemen Kimia | % Hadir |
| Karbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Kromium (Cr) | 24.00 - 26.00 |
| Nikel (Ni) | 19.00 - 22.00 |
| Mangan (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Fosfor (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Belerang (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silikon (Si) | 0.00 - 1.50 |
| Besi (Fe) | Keseimbangan |
Sifat Mekanis
Sheet and Plate
ASTM A240
| Properti Mekanis | Nilai |
| Stres Bukti | 205 MPa |
| Kekuatan Tarik | 515MPa |
| Perpanjangan A50 mm | 40 Menit % |
Applications of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dengan excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content improves weldability and minimizes the risk of sensitization, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring both high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
1. High-Temperature Industrial Applications
Furnace components such as retorts, trays, and baskets
Kiln parts and heat treatment equipment
Boiler and heat exchanger components exposed to prolonged high temperatures
Thermal processing equipment in chemical, petrochemical, and power industries
2. Petrochemical and Chemical Industry
Piping, tanks, and vessels for high-temperature chemical processes
Components handling oxidizing gases or high-temperature vapors
Industrial reactors and processing equipment under thermal stress
3. Other Applications
Aerospace and automotive components exposed to high-temperature exhaust or heat
Incinerators and combustion chambers
High-temperature structural parts in industrial machinery
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Buah-buahannya austenitic, low-carbon structure membuatnya cocok untuk furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, chemical equipment, and industrial machinery exposed to extreme heat and oxidizing environments.
Characteristics of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel terkenal dengan excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content makes it particularly suitable for welding and fabrication in high-temperature environments.
1. High-Temperature Resistance
Maintains strength and structural integrity at elevated temperatures.
Resists oxidation and scaling in continuous service up to approximately 1020°C (1870°F).
Suitable for intermittent exposure to temperatures up to 1100°C (2010°F).
2. Tahan Korosi
Good general corrosion resistance in oxidizing atmospheres.
Berkinerja baik dalam mild chemical environments.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitisasi dan korosi antar butir, especially in welded components.
3. Sifat Mekanik
Excellent ductility and toughness at both high and low temperatures.
Stable austenitic structure ensures consistent performance under thermal stress.
4. Fabrication and Weldability
Easily fabricated and welded due to low carbon content.
Can be cold worked and formed into complex shapes without losing corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Characteristics
Furnace components, kilns, and heat treatment equipment
Boilers, heat exchangers, and thermal processing machinery
Industrial piping and storage tanks exposed to high temperatures
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel is characterized by high-temperature strength, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, and good weldability. Buah-buahannya austenitic, low-carbon structure menjadikannya ideal untuk industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications where both durability and corrosion resistance are essential.
Informasi Tambahan
Fabrikasi
Fabrication of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel terkenal dengan excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Its low carbon content enhances weldability and resistance to sensitization, making it suitable for a wide range of fabrication processes.
1. Pembentukan
Pengerjaan Dingin:
Can be bent, drawn, or rolled, but work hardens rapidly.
Intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming to restore ductility.
Pengerjaan Panas:
Rentang suhu yang direkomendasikan: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Suitable for forging, hot rolling, and extrusion of thick or complex parts.
2. Welding
Easily welded using conventional methods: TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitisasi and intergranular corrosion.
Filler metals: Typically 310S or 310 grades to maintain corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance.
Post-weld pickling or passivation may be applied to restore surface protection.
3. Pengerjaan Mesin
Kemampuan mesin adalah sedang, with rapid work hardening tendencies.
Gunakan sharp carbide tools, appropriate feed rates, and coolants for efficient cutting.
4. Post-Fabrication Treatments
Annealing: Restores ductility and relieves stresses from cold working or welding.
Pickling or passivation: Removes scale or oxide layers to restore corrosion resistance.
5. Aplikasi Terkait fabrikasi
Furnace components, heat treatment equipment, and kiln parts
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Peralatan pemrosesan kimia dan petrokimia
Aerospace and automotive components requiring high-temperature performance
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel is highly fabricable using conventional forming, welding, and machining techniques. Its low-carbon austenitic structure ensures excellent weldability, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Kemampuan las
Weldability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dengan excellent high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance. Buah-buahannya low carbon content enhances weldability and reduces the risk of sensitization, making it suitable for various welding processes.
1. Metode Pengelasan
Can be welded using standard fusion welding methods:
TIG (GTAW) – for precision and clean welds
MIG (GMAW) – for faster, efficient welding
SMAW (Pengelasan Listrik Permukaan) – for general fabrication
FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding) – suitable for thicker sections
Pertimbangan Pengelasan
Low carbon content minimizes korosi antar butir risk after welding.
Preheating is usually tidak diperlukan, except for very thick sections to reduce distortion.
Benar filler metals (typically 310S or 310) are recommended to maintain high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
3. Post-Weld Treatments
Solution annealing is sometimes applied for high-temperature service to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
Pengawetan dan pasivasi can remove oxides and enhance corrosion resistance of welded areas.
4. Aplikasi Terkait Kemampuan Las
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Peralatan pemrosesan kimia dan petrokimia
Industrial structures exposed to high temperatures
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel has kemampuan las yang sangat baik due to its low-carbon austenitic structure, allowing it to be joined using conventional welding techniques. Proper welding ensures strong, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature capable joints, making it suitable for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Kemampuan mesin
Machinability of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Like most austenitic stainless steels, it exhibits kemampuan mesin sedang, primarily due to its high work-hardening tendency.
1. Work Hardening
310S stainless steel work hardens rapidly, especially under light cuts or interrupted machining.
Excessive work hardening can lead to tool wear, poor surface finish, and dimensional inaccuracies.
Gunakan sharp cutting tools and maintain consistent feed and speed to minimize work hardening.
2. Rekomendasi Perkakas
Perkakas karbida are preferred for efficient cutting and longer tool life.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
Rigid workholding is recommended to reduce vibration and chatter.
3. Cutting Conditions
Moderate to low cutting speeds to avoid overheating and maintain surface finish.
Adequate coolant or lubrication helps reduce heat buildup and extends tool life.
Control feed rates and depth of cut to maintain dimensional accuracy and prevent work hardening.
4. Chip Formation
Menghasilkan long, ductile chips due to its austenitic structure.
Gunakan chip breakers or controlled cutting to manage chips effectively.
5. Applications Related to Machinability
Industrial components requiring high-temperature corrosion resistance
Heat exchangers, furnace components, and boiler parts
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Chemical processing equipment requiring precision machining
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel has kemampuan mesin sedang, with a tendency to work harden quickly. Using appropriate tooling, cutting conditions, and coolant, efficient machining and good surface finish can be achieved. Its combination of machinability, high-temperature strength, and corrosion resistance membuatnya cocok untuk industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Ketahanan Korosi
Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dengan excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance, particularly in high-temperature environments. Its low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitisasi, making it ideal for welded and high-temperature applications.
1. High-Temperature Corrosion Resistance
Ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap oxidation and scaling pada suhu tinggi.
Can withstand continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F) and intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Forms a stable chromium oxide layer that protects the surface from scaling and degradation.
2. General Corrosion Resistance
Ketahanan yang baik terhadap mild chemical environments and oxidizing media.
Low carbon content prevents sensitisasi, reducing the risk of korosi antar butir in welded sections.
3. Resistance to Localized Corrosion
Performs well against crevice and pitting corrosion in oxidizing conditions.
Less suitable for lingkungan yang kaya klorida at high temperatures, where stress corrosion cracking may occur.
4. Aplikasi Terkait Ketahanan Korosi
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive high-temperature components
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, terutama di oxidizing and high-temperature environments. Buah-buahannya low-carbon, austenitic structure ensures resistance to korosi antar butir, making it ideal for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial equipment exposed to high temperatures.
Pekerjaan Dingin
Cold Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dengan keuletan yang baik, allowing various cold working operations. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance during forming, but like other austenitic steels, it exhibits pengerasan kerja.
1. Common Cold Working Processes
Membungkuk dan Membentuk Suitable for sheets, trays, piping, and structural components.
Menggulung: Produces strips, sheets, and coils for industrial and high-temperature applications.
Deep Drawing and Stamping: Used for complex shapes in furnace components or chemical equipment.
Pukulan dan gunting Suitable for components requiring precision cutting.
2. Pengerasan Kerja
310S stainless steel work hardens rapidly, increasing tensile strength but reducing ductility.
Intermediate anil may be required after extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve stresses.
3. Pertimbangan Fabrikasi
Menerapkan deformasi bertahap to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain dimensional accuracy and surface finish.
Cold-worked components may require stress relief if used in high-temperature service.
4. Aplikasi Terkait Pengerjaan Dingin
Furnace components and heat treatment equipment
Industrial piping, tanks, and structural parts for chemical and petrochemical industries
Components requiring corrosion resistance and dimensional stability after forming
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel exhibits good cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working increases strength through pengerasan kerja while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and high-temperature applications.
Perlakuan Panas
Heat Treatment of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dirancang untuk high-temperature and oxidizing environments. As an austenitic stainless steel, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is primarily used to relieve stresses, restore ductility, and maintain corrosion resistance.
1. Solution Annealing
Tujuan: Restore ductility, relieve residual stresses from cold working or welding, and maintain corrosion resistance.
Rentang suhu: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
Pendinginan Rapid air or water quenching to prevent carbide precipitation and maintain corrosion resistance.
2. Pengurangan Stres
Tujuan: Reduce residual stresses from welding, machining, or forming.
Rentang suhu: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Meningkatkan dimensional stability and reduces risk of stress-related cracking in service.
3. Effects of Heat Treatment
Restores ketangguhan dan keuletan in cold-worked or welded areas.
Relieves tekanan internal, improving high-temperature performance.
Memelihara ketahanan korosi, especially in welded components.
4. Surface Treatments Post Heat
Pickling atau pasivasi may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale, oxides, or discoloration and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.
5. Aplikasi Terkait Perlakuan Panas
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers and boiler parts
Industrial piping and tanks exposed to high temperatures
Peralatan pemrosesan kimia dan petrokimia
Ringkasan
Heat treatment of 310S stainless steel focuses on solution annealing and stress relief, maintaining ductility, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Proper heat treatment ensures reliable service in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and other industrial high-temperature applications.
Tahan Panas
Heat Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel dirancang untuk excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation, and scaling resistance. Its chemical composition ensures performance in continuous and intermittent high-temperature service.
1. Suhu Layanan Berkelanjutan
Cocok untuk continuous service in oxidizing atmospheres up to 1020°C (1870°F).
Memelihara mechanical strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance pada suhu tinggi.
2. Paparan Intermiten
Dapat ditoleransi short-term or intermittent exposure up to 1100°C (2010°F).
Ideal for components subjected to thermal cycling or fluctuating high temperatures.
3. Ketahanan Oksidasi dan Kerak
Forms a stable chromium oxide layer on the surface, protecting against scaling and corrosion.
Low carbon content reduces the risk of sensitisasi dan korosi antar butir, even after welding or high-temperature service.
4. Limitations
Tidak direkomendasikan untuk high-chloride or highly reducing environments at elevated temperatures, as stress corrosion cracking may occur.
Extreme thermal shocks should be avoided to prevent thermal fatigue.
5. Aplikasi yang Berkaitan dengan Ketahanan Panas
Furnace and kiln components
Heat exchangers, boilers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment in chemical and petrochemical industries
Aerospace and automotive parts exposed to extreme heat
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel offers excellent heat resistance, maintaining strength, creep resistance, and oxidation protection at temperatures up to 1020°C continuous dan 1100°C intermittent. Buah-buahannya low-carbon austenitic structure ensures reliable performance in furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
Kerja Panas
Hot Working of 310S Stainless Steel
310S stainless steel adalah low-carbon, austenitic stainless steel with excellent high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance. Hot working enables shaping and forming while minimizing pengerasan kerja and maintaining the steel’s mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Suhu Pengerjaan Panas yang Direkomendasikan
Hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Proper temperature control prevents pertumbuhan butir and ensures uniform mechanical properties.
2. Proses Kerja Panas
Pengguliran Panas: Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.
Tempa Suitable for structural or high-temperature components.
Ekstrusi Allows production of rods, tubes, and complex profiles.
Pembentukan Panas dan Pengepresan: Enables shaping of large or intricate parts with minimal cracking risk.
3. Keunggulan Pengerjaan Panas
Mengurangi pengerasan kerja dibandingkan dengan pengerjaan dingin.
Meningkatkan ductility, toughness, and formability.
Enables fabrication of large, thick, or complex components suitable for high-temperature service.
4. Post-Hot Working Treatments
Anil may be applied to relieve residual stresses and restore uniform mechanical properties.
Pickling atau pasivasi can enhance surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Aplikasi Terkait Pengerjaan Panas
Furnace and kiln components
Boilers, heat exchangers, and high-temperature piping
Industrial equipment for chemical and petrochemical processes
Aerospace and automotive parts requiring high-temperature performance
Ringkasan
310S stainless steel exhibits excellent hot working characteristics, allowing forging, rolling, extrusion, and forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and enables production of components for furnaces, boilers, heat exchangers, and industrial high-temperature applications.
