스테인리스강, 오스테나이트계
304L Stainless Steel (S30403)
저탄소 크롬-니켈 오스테나이트 스테인리스 스틸.
Stainless steel types 1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304L respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel.
304L stainless steel 이다 low-carbon variant of 304 austenitic stainless steel. It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and superior weldability, particularly in applications where post-weld corrosion resistance is critical.
Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as “dual certified” material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L.
쿼터 플레이트는 12mm 이상 두께로 생산 중에 코일링되지 않은 열간 압연 강판입니다. CPP는 12mm까지의 두께로 연속 생산되어 압연 중에 코일링된 강판입니다. 시트는 냉간 압연됩니다.
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범위
| Bar & Tube | 제국 치수 | 미터법 규격 |
| Round Bar | 3" - 16" | |
| Flat Bar | 20 x 10mm - 100 x 25mm | |
| Welded Ornamental Tube | 1⁄2인치 - 4인치" | 30mm - 50mm |
| Welded Tube | 1/"2 - 2" | 16mm - 50mm |
| Hygienic Tube | 3⁄4 " - 4" |
| Sheet/Plate | 시트 크기 | 두께 |
| 광택 시트 | 2000 x 1000 | 0.7mm - 3.0mm |
| 광택 시트 | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 6.0mm |
| 광택 시트 | 3000 x 1500 | 1.0mm - 6.0mm |
| 광택지 (원형) | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 1.5mm |
| 냉연강판 | 2500 x 1250 | 4.0mm - 6.0mm |
| 냉연강판 | 3000 x 1500 | 4.0mm - 6.0mm |
| 냉연강판 | 4000 x 2000 | 2.0mm - 6.0mm |
| CPP 판 ID 마감 | 2000 x 1000 | 3.0mm - 6.0mm |
| CPP 판 ID 마감 | 2500 x 1250 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP 판 ID 마감 | 3000 x 1500 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP 판 ID 마감 | 4000 x 1500 | 10.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP 판 ID 마감 | 4000 x 2000 | 2.0mm - 12.0mm |
| 쿼터 플레이트 ID 마감 | 5" - 125" | |
| Polished sheet sizes are for mirror and super mirror finishes. | ||
| Polished Sheet options available: 240 Silicon, 240 Grit and various coating including Fiber Optic Laser for one or two sides. | ||
참고 사항
원하는 내용이 표시되지 않으면 다음 연락처로 문의하세요. 지역 서비스 센터 특정 요구 사항에 따라.
304L Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| 시스템 / 표준 | 국가 / 지역 | 직급 |
| AISI | 미국 | 304L |
| UNS | 국제 | S30403 |
| EN / W.Nr. | 유럽 | 1.4307 |
| 영어 이름 | 유럽 | X2CrNi18-9 |
| ASTM A240 | 미국 | 304L (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ASTM A276 | 미국 | 304L (bars, shapes) |
| ASTM A213 | 미국 | TP304L (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | 미국 | TP304L (seamless pipe) |
| 기가바이트 | 중국 | 022Cr19Ni10 |
| JIS | 일본 | SUS304L |
| AFNOR | 프랑스 | Z2CN18-10 |
속성
화학 성분
1.4307 Steel
EN 10088-3 & EN 10088-2
| 화학 원소 | % 현재 |
| 탄소(C) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| 크롬(Cr) | 17.50 - 19.50 |
| 망간(Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| 규소 | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| 인 (P) | 0.00 - 0.05 |
| 황(S) | 0.00 - 0.02 |
| 니켈(Ni) | 8.00 - 10.50 |
| 질소(N) | 0.00 - 0.11 |
| 철 (Fe) | 균형 |
기계적 특성
Bar & Section Up to 160mm Diameter/Thickness
EN 10088-3
| 기계적 성질 | 가치 |
| 항복 강도 | 175 Min MPa |
| 인장 강도 | 500~700 MPa |
| 신율 A50 mm | 45 분 % |
| 경도 브리넬 | 215 맥스 HB |
8mm 두께 이하 시트
EN 10088-2
| 기계적 성질 | 가치 |
| 항복 강도 | 220 메가파스칼 |
| 인장 강도 | 520 to 700 MPa |
| 신율 A50 mm | 45 분 % |
8mm에서 75mm 두께의 판
EN 10088-2
| 기계적 성질 | 가치 |
| 항복 강도 | 200 MPa |
| 인장 강도 | 500~700 MPa |
| 신율 A50 mm | 45 분 % |
일반 물리적 성질
| 물리적 특성 | 가치 |
| 밀도 | 8.0 g/cm³ |
| 녹는점 | 1450 °C |
| 열팽창 | 17.2 x 10-6/K |
| 탄성 계수 | 193 GPa |
| 열 전도율 | 16.2 W/m.K |
| 전기 비저항 | 0.72 x 10-6 Ω .m |
Applications of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel 이다 low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 그것으로 유명한 excellent corrosion resistance, high ductility, and superior weldability. Its low carbon content makes it ideal for welded components and equipment exposed to corrosive environments.
1. 화학 및 석유화학 산업
Storage tanks and pressure vessels
Piping systems for acids and corrosive liquids
Heat exchangers and condensers
2. Food and Beverage Industry
Food processing equipment and containers
Brewing, dairy, and pharmaceutical machinery
Tanks, pipelines, and fittings requiring hygienic surfaces
3. Architectural and Decorative Applications
Cladding and exterior panels
Handrails, trims, and decorative fixtures
Kitchen and household appliances
4. Medical and Pharmaceutical Equipment
Surgical instruments and medical devices
멸균 처리 장비
Laboratory benches and components
5. Industrial Applications
Pumps, valves, and fasteners in corrosive environments
Components in wastewater treatment systems
General manufacturing equipment exposed to moisture or mild chemicals
요약
304L stainless steel is widely used in applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance, high weldability, and good formability. Its ability to resist intergranular corrosion after welding makes it ideal for chemical, food, pharmaceutical, architectural, and industrial applications.
Characteristics of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel 이다 low-carbon variant of 304 austenitic stainless steel, offering excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and enhanced weldability. It is widely used in applications where post-weld corrosion resistance is important.
1. Chemical Composition
Low carbon content (≤0.03%) to minimize 감작 용접 중.
Contains chromium (18–20%) 그리고 nickel (8–12%).
Trace elements enhance corrosion resistance and mechanical stability.
2. 내식성
탁월한 내성 oxidation, general corrosion, and mild acid attack.
저항력이 있는 intergranular corrosion after welding, unlike standard 304 stainless steel.
적합 대상 food, chemical, and pharmaceutical environments.
3. 기계적 성질
좋아요 tensile strength and yield strength.
높음 연성 및 인성, even at low temperatures.
Maintains excellent properties over a wide range of temperatures.
4. 재료 제작 및 성형성
우수 cold working and forming characteristics.
될 수 있다 welded easily with minimal risk of corrosion in the heat-affected zone.
적합 대상 deep drawing, bending, and stamping.
5. Heat and Temperature Resistance
〜에서 잘 작동합니다 moderate heat applications.
Retains strength and corrosion resistance under normal service temperatures.
6. Applications
Food processing equipment and storage tanks
Chemical and pharmaceutical equipment
Architectural and decorative components
Piping, valves, and tanks requiring high weld integrity
요약
304L stainless steel is characterized by excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, high ductility, and superior weldability. Its low carbon content ensures post-weld corrosion protection, 이상적입니다 chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
추가 정보
용접성
Weldability of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 제공하는 우수한 용접성. The reduced carbon content (<0.03%) minimizes the risk of 감작 그리고 입계 부식 in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) after welding, making 304L ideal for welded assemblies in corrosive environments.
1. 호환 가능한 용접 공정
TIG (GTAW): Ideal for precision welding of thin sections.
MIG (GMAW): Common for thicker sections and high-productivity applications.
피복 아크 용접 (SMAW) Suitable for field and maintenance welding.
저항 용접 Spot and seam welding are effective for sheet and thin components.
2. Carbon Content Benefits
The low carbon content reduces the likelihood of chromium carbide precipitation.
막다 감작 in welded or heat-affected zones, maintaining corrosion resistance without the need for post-weld annealing.
3. 충전재 선택
Matching filler metals such as ER308L are recommended to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Low-carbon fillers are preferred for thicker sections or critical applications.
4. 열 입력과 변형
Austenitic stainless steels, including 304L, have 열팽창률이 높음, 이는 왜곡으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
Moderate heat input and proper welding sequence help minimize warping and residual stresses.
Fixturing and tack welding can further reduce distortion during fabrication.
5. 용접 후 처리
Post-weld annealing is usually not required for corrosion resistance due to low carbon content.
Stress relief may be applied in critical applications where dimensional stability or high-temperature service is required.
6. 용접성을 활용한 응용
Chemical and food processing equipment
압력 용기 및 배관 시스템
Architectural structures
Heat exchangers and tanks requiring welded assemblies
요약
304L stainless steel provides 우수한 용접성 due to its low carbon content, enabling strong, corrosion-resistant welds without the need for extensive post-weld heat treatment. Proper filler selection, heat control, and welding technique ensure reliable performance in industrial, chemical, and architectural applications.
제작
Fabrication of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability. It is highly versatile and can be fabricated using standard metalworking processes.
1. 형성
냉간 성형
304L has excellent cold formability, making it suitable for bending, rolling, stamping, and deep drawing.
Work hardening occurs during deformation, so 중간 풀림 may be necessary for extensive forming.
열간 성형:
Hot working can be performed at 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F) to shape thick or complex components.
Produces uniform mechanical properties and reduces the effects of work hardening.
2. 절단 및 전단
Can be cut using shears, saws, laser cutting, or waterjet cutting.
Sharp tools and proper feeds are recommended to minimize 가공 경화 and ensure smooth edges.
3. 기계 가공
304L is 기계로 가공하기 적당 due to its toughness and tendency to work harden.
카바이드 공구 is preferred for high-speed cutting.
Coolants and cutting fluids help control heat and extend tool life.
4. 용접
304L exhibits 우수한 용접성 thanks to its low carbon content.
Prevents chromium carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion in welded areas.
Common processes: TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), SMAW, and resistance welding.
충전 금속과 같은 ER308L are recommended for maintaining corrosion resistance.
5. 냉간 가공
Cold working increases strength via work hardening.
Extensive deformation reduces ductility, so 용해 어닐링 may be performed to restore formability for subsequent fabrication.
6. 표면 마무리
Can be supplied in various finishes, including 2B (mill finish), BA (bright annealed), and polished.
Cold working may require additional finishing to achieve desired surface aesthetics or corrosion resistance.
7. 제작 기술을 활용한 애플리케이션
Chemical and food processing equipment
Pressure vessels, piping systems, and tanks
Architectural panels and structural components
Heat exchangers and welded assemblies
요약
304L stainless steel is 매우 다재다능하고 제작하기 쉬움, offering excellent cold and hot formability, machining, and welding properties. Its low carbon content ensures corrosion resistance is maintained during welding and forming, making it ideal for industrial, chemical, architectural, and food processing applications.
열간 가공
Hot Working of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with excellent hot workability, allowing it to be formed, rolled, or forged at elevated temperatures. Hot working reduces work hardening and improves ductility, toughness, and uniformity in mechanical properties.
1. 권장 열간 성형 온도
일반적인 범위: 1010–1175°C (1850–2150°F)
Working above this range may cause 입자 성장, 강인함 감소.
Working below this range increases flow stress and the risk of cracking.
2. 적합한 열간 가공 공정
열간 압연 시트, 플레이트, 스트립 및 구조 부재용
열간 단조: 고강도 또는 복잡한 형상의 부품의 경우
핫 익스트루전 봉, 튜브 및 프로파일용
열간 성형 가공이 어려운 두꺼운 또는 큰 부품의 경우
3. 열간 가공의 장점
Reduces the effects of 가공 경화 냉간 가공에 비해
향상시키다 연성 및 인성
생산하다 균일한 결정립 구조 그리고 기계적 물성
제작 가능 크고, 두껍거나, 복잡한 부품
4. 열간 가공 후 처리
열처리 잔류 응력을 완화하고 연성을 복원하는 데 적용될 수 있습니다.
산 절임 또는 부동 태화 열간 가공 후 표면 부식 저항성을 향상시킵니다.
5. 열간 가공 활용 응용
Structural components in industrial machinery
Automotive and aerospace parts
Pressure vessels and piping
대형 시트, 플레이트 또는 복잡한 형상으로 고온 성형이 필요한 경우
요약
304L stainless steel demonstrates 우수한 열간 가공성, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and forming at 1010–1175°C. Hot working improves ductility, reduces work hardening, and ensures uniform mechanical properties while preserving corrosion resistance, making it ideal for industrial, structural, and high-performance applications.
내열성
Heat Resistance of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with good high-temperature properties, suitable for service in moderately elevated temperatures. Its low carbon content minimizes 감작 and maintains corrosion resistance during prolonged heat exposure.
1. 연속 사용 온도
연속 서비스에 적합 ~870°C (1600°F)까지의 산화 분위기.
Prolonged exposure to temperatures above this range may lead to oxidation scaling and reduced mechanical properties.
2. 간헐적 노출
견딜 수 있다 간헐적으로 ~925°C(1700°F)까지 가열 without significant degradation.
Useful for components subjected to occasional thermal cycles.
3. 산화 저항
형성한다 보호 산화 크로뮴 층 산화성 분위기에서.
Prevents scaling and surface deterioration in moderate temperature service.
Not suitable for strongly oxidizing or sulfidizing environments at very high temperatures.
4. 기계적 특성에 미치는 열 효과
Maintains good 인장 강도와 연성 up to moderate temperatures.
Prolonged exposure to high heat may reduce work-hardening effects in cold-worked material.
Grain growth can occur if improperly annealed at elevated temperatures.
5. 내열성 관련 응용
열교환기와 전기로 부품
Tanks and piping exposed to moderate high temperatures
Food and chemical processing equipment requiring heat exposure
Welded assemblies operating at elevated temperatures
6. 기타 오스테나이트계 등급과의 비교
내열성은 slightly lower than 321 or 347 stainless steels for long-term high-temperature service.
304L is chosen for applications emphasizing corrosion resistance and weldability rather than extreme high-temperature strength.
요약
304L stainless steel provides 내열성, suitable for continuous service up to ~870°C and intermittent exposure up to ~925°C. Its low carbon content preserves corrosion resistance and prevents sensitization, making it ideal for welded assemblies and moderately high-temperature industrial applications.
기계 가공성
Machinability of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 그것은 기계로 가공하기 적당. Its toughness, work-hardening tendency, and low thermal conductivity require careful selection of tooling, cutting parameters, and cooling methods to achieve efficient machining and good surface finish.
1. 경화 거동
304L exhibits 가공 경화 during cutting, especially when using slow feed rates or worn tooling.
단단한 표면은 절삭력을 증가시키고 공구 마모를 가속화합니다.
Continuous and smooth cutting helps minimize work-hardening.
2. 도구 추천
카바이드 공구 is preferred for high-speed and high-volume machining.
고속도강 tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
도구 양의 릴리프 각 reduce cutting forces and heat generation.
3. 절삭 속도와 이송
탄소강보다 느린 절삭 속도가 권장됩니다.
Use moderate to heavy feeds to maintain continuous chip flow and prevent local work-hardening.
4. 냉각 및 윤활
오스테나이트계 스테인리스강은 낮은 열전도율, causing heat buildup at the cutting zone.
Flood coolant, cutting oils, or high-pressure lubricants help reduce heat, extend tool life, and improve surface finish.
5. 칩 형성
Chips are usually 질기고 억센, which can be difficult to remove.
Use chip breakers or specially designed inserts to manage chip evacuation effectively.
6. 표면 마감
Good surface finishes are achievable with sharp tools, proper feeds, and effective cooling.
Avoid dwelling or pauses on the workpiece, as these can create hardened spots and reduce finish quality.
요약
304L stainless steel has 보통의 가공성, requiring sharp tools, controlled cutting parameters, and proper cooling to counteract work-hardening and achieve high-quality finished components. Its low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance in welded and machined parts, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and food-processing applications.
내식성
Corrosion Resistance of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 그것으로 유명한 탁월한 내식성 in a wide range of environments. Its low carbon content minimizes 크로뮴 탄화물 침전 during welding, maintaining corrosion resistance in welded and heat-affected areas.
1. 일반 부식 저항
Resists 산화 및 일반 부식 대기, 산업 및 약간 부식성 환경.
〜에서 잘 작동합니다 식품, 화학 및 제약 응용 where hygiene and corrosion resistance are critical.
2. Resistance to Intergranular Corrosion
Low carbon (<0.03%) prevents 크로뮴 탄화물 침전 용접 중.
Protects against 감작 in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and welded areas.
대부분의 경우 용접 후 용체화 처리가 필요하지 않습니다.
3. 염화물 저항성
Moderately resistant to 염화물 유발 피팅 및 틈새 부식, though less resistant than Mo-bearing grades like 316.
Suitable for freshwater, mild saltwater, and general chemical exposure, but not for highly concentrated chloride solutions.
4. 고온 부식
Continuous service up to ~870°C (1600°F) 산화성 분위기에서.
Intermittent service up to ~925°C (1700°F).
Low carbon content helps maintain corrosion resistance in high-temperature welding applications.
5. 내식성을 활용한 응용 사례
Pressure vessels, tanks, and piping in chemical and food-processing industries
Architectural structures and cladding exposed to weather
Heat exchangers and boilers
Welded assemblies in corrosive environments
6. 기타 오스테나이트계 등급과의 비교
Better resistance to intergranular corrosion than 304 due to low carbon content.
Slightly lower chloride resistance than 316 or 317 stainless steels.
Preferred for welded assemblies and environments where corrosion resistance and weldability are both critical.
요약
304L stainless steel provides 우수한 일반 및 결정립계 부식 저항성, particularly in welded structures, thanks to its low carbon content. It is suitable for a broad range of industrial, chemical, food-processing, and architectural applications, combining durability, hygiene, and reliability in corrosive environments.
열처리
Heat Treatment of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 그것은 열처리로 경화되지 않은. Instead, heat treatment is used primarily to 연성을 회복하고, 잔류 응력을 완화하며, 내식성을 유지합니다, particularly after cold working or welding.
용체화 열처리
목적:
냉간 가공 후 연성 회복
잔류 응력 제거
Dissolve any chromium carbides formed during improper heating
온도 범위: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F)
냉각: 오스테나이트 구조를 유지하기 위한 급속 공기 또는 수냉
효과:
어닐링된 상태로 기계적 성질을 복원합니다
Maintains corrosion resistance due to low carbon content
2. 스트레스 해소
목적: 성형, 굽힘 또는 용접으로 인한 잔류 응력 완화
온도 범위: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
효과: Minimizes distortion and reduces the risk of stress corrosion cracking without significantly altering mechanical properties
3. 냉간 가공 상태 고려 사항
냉간 가공은 강도를 높이지만 연성은 감소시킨다.
중간 담금질 may be performed to restore formability for subsequent fabrication steps.
4. 용접 후 열처리
Usually not required 낮은 탄소 함량(<0.03%)으로 인한 내부식성.
Stress relief annealing may be applied in critical high-temperature or dimension-sensitive applications.
5. 한계
열처리합니다 경도를 크게 증가시키지 않음; 304L relies on cold working for strengthening.
Prolonged exposure to temperatures above ~500°C may slightly reduce cold work strengthening effects.
요약
Heat treatment of 304L stainless steel is primarily for 스트레스 완화, 연성 복원, 내식성 유지. Solution annealing and controlled stress relief ensure optimal mechanical and chemical performance, making 304L ideal for 용접, 냉간 가공 및 적당히 높은 온도 응용.
냉간 가공
Cold Working of 304L Stainless Steel
304L stainless steel is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with excellent cold-working characteristics. 냉간 가공은 증가시킨다 강도와 경도 through work hardening, while maintaining good corrosion resistance and ductility.
1. 경화 거동
304L work-hardens during cold deformation, increasing tensile and yield strength.
Excessive cold working reduces ductility, so intermediate annealing may be required for extensive forming.
2. 일반적인 냉간 성형 공정
굴러가기 For sheets, strips, and plates
드로잉 For wires, tubes, and rods
굽힘 및 성형 For clips, brackets, and structural components
스탬핑 및 프레스 성형 For intricate parts or industrial components
3. 기계적 특성 제어
냉간 가공은 조절을 허용합니다 인장 강도, 항복 강도, 경도.
Extensive cold working may necessitate 용해 어닐링 to restore ductility before further processing.
4. 부식 저항에 대한 영향
304L’s low carbon content prevents 크로뮴 탄화물 침전, 상당한 냉간 가공 후에도 내식성을 유지합니다.
Unlike standard 304, 304L is highly resistant to 입계 부식 용접되거나 많이 가공된 부위.
5. 후성형 시 고려사항
Solution annealing may be applied for stress relief and restoring formability if multiple cold-forming steps are required.
Cold working may induce slight 자석 due to minor martensitic transformation, but this is typically negligible.
6. 냉간 가공 활용 응용
스프링, 클립 및 패스너
더 높은 강도가 요구되는 구조 부재
Tubes, rods, and wire for chemical and food processing
Components requiring formability combined with corrosion resistance
요약
304L stainless steel exhibits 우수한 냉간 가공성, allowing increased strength through work hardening while maintaining corrosion resistance. Proper management of deformation and intermediate annealing ensures high-quality, durable components for industrial, chemical, food-processing, and structural applications.
