Нержавеющая сталь, аустенитная
304 Stainless Steel (S30400)
Самая универсальная и широко используемая аустенитная нержавеющая сталь хромоникелевая (18/8).
Stainless steel types 1.4301 and 1.4307 are also known as grades 304 and 304Л respectively. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 18/8 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel.
Type 304 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be severely deep drawn. This property has resulted in 304 being the dominant grade used in applications like sinks and saucepans.
Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304. It is used in heavy gauge components for improved weldability. Some products such as plate and pipe may be available as “dual certified” material that meets the criteria for both 304 and 304L.
304H, a high carbon content variant, is also available for use at high temperatures.
304 stainless steel is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile fabrication capabilities. It is often used in industrial, architectural, and household applications.
СКАЧАТЬ PDF
Диапазон
| Форма продукта | Описание | Метрические размеры | Имперские размеры |
| Круглый пруток | Bright Drawn H9 | 2,0 мм - 25,0 мм | 1⁄8" - 1" |
| Круглый пруток | Smooth Turned H9/H10 | 25,0 мм - 60,0 мм | 1" - 3" |
| Flat Bar | Rolled Edge | 12mm x 3mm - 100mm x 12mm | |
| Square Bar | 304S11/S31 | 12mm x 12mm - 50mm x 50mm | |
| Angle | 304S31 | 20mm x 20mm x 3mm - 100mm x 100mm x 10mm | |
| Welded Ornamental Tube | Mirror Polished 600 Grit | 30mm - 50mm | 1⁄2" - 4" |
| Welded Tube | Satin Polished 320 Grit | 16mm - 50mm | 1⁄2" - 2" |
| Квадратная труба | Welded, Dull Polished | 12.7mm x 12.7mm - 10mm - 100mm | |
| Handrail Section | Welded, Unannealed, Dull Polished | 42.40mm - 60.30 (2.5mm wall) | 1 1⁄2" - 4 " (3mm wall) |
| Квадратная труба | Welded, Unpolished | 12.7mm x 12.7mm - 250mm x 250mm | |
| Rectangular Tube | Welded, Unpolished | 80mm x 40mm - 250mm x 150mm | |
| Rectangular Tube | Welded, Dull Polished | 20mm x 10mm - 150mm x 100mm |
Лист
| Product Type | Размер листа | Толщины |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 0,5 мм - 3,0 мм |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 0.5mm - 6.0mm |
| Sheet 2B Finish | 3000 x 1500 | 0.9mm - 3.0mm |
| Sheet 2R (BA) Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 0.5mm - 2.0mm |
| Sheet 2R (BA) Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 0.5mm - 2.0mm |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 2000 x 1000 | 0,6 мм - 3,0 мм |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 6.0mm |
| Polished Sheet 240 Silicon | 3000 x 1500 | 1,0 мм - 3,0 мм |
| Perforated Sheet (Round Holes) | 2000 x 1000 | 1.0mm - 1.5mm |
| Perforated Sheet (Round Holes) | 2500 x 1250 | 0.7mm - 1.5mm |
| Perforated Sheet (Square Holes) | 2000 x 1000 | 1.5mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 2000 x 1000 | 3.0mm - 6.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 2500 x 1250 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 3000 x 1500 | 3.0mm - 12.0mm |
| CPP Plate ID Finish | 4000 x 2000 | 2.0mm - 12.0mm |
| Qaurto Plate ID Finish | 5" - 125" | - |
| Welded Mesh | 90" x 48" | - |
| Протектор | 3000 x 1000 | 3.0mm |
| Traedplate | 3000 x 1250 | 4.5mm - 8.0mm |
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304 Stainless Steel Related Specifications
| Система / Стандарт | Страна / регион | Звание / Должность |
| АИСИ | США | 304 |
| ООН | Международный | С30400 |
| RU / EN №. | Европа | 1.4301 |
| RU Имя | Европа | X5CrNi18-10 |
| АСТМ А240 | США | 304 (plate, sheet, strip) |
| ГОСТ А276 | США | 304 (bars, shapes) |
| АСТМ А213 | США | TP304 (boiler / HX tubes) |
| ASTM A312 | США | TP304 (seamless pipe) |
| Великобритания | Китай | 0Cr18Ni9 |
| ДЖИС | Япония | SUS304 |
| БС | Великобритания | 304S15 / 304S31 |
| АФНОР | Франция | Z7CN18-09 |
Свойства
Химический состав
| Химический элемент | % Настоящее |
| Углерод (C) | 0.00 - 0.20 |
| Марганец (Mn) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Кремний (Si) | 0.00 - 1.00 |
| Фосфор (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Сера (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Хром (Cr) | 15.00 - 17.00 |
| Никель (Ni) | 1.25 - 2.50 |
Механические свойства
| Механические свойства | Значение |
| Удлинение A50 мм | 11 % |
| Предел прочности | 850-1000 MPa |
| Предел текучести | 665 MPa |
| Твердость по Бринеллю | 248-302 HB |
Общие физические свойства
| Физическое свойство | Значение |
| Плотность | 7.8 g/cm³ |
| Модуль упругости | 200 ГПа |
| Теплопроводность | 20.2 W/m.K |
Applications of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь известный своим excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile formability. It is widely used across industrial, household, food, and architectural applications.
1. Food and Beverage Industry
Food processing equipment, tanks, and containers
Brewing, dairy, and pharmaceutical machinery
Piping, valves, and fittings requiring hygienic surfaces
2. Химическая и нефтехимическая промышленность
Chemical processing equipment and storage tanks
Heat exchangers, condensers, and piping systems
Components exposed to acids, alkalis, and other corrosive environments
3. Household and Kitchen Applications
Sinks, kitchen appliances, and utensils
Decorative trims, handrails, and architectural hardware
4. Industrial and Manufacturing Applications
Pumps, valves, and fasteners in corrosive environments
Machinery and equipment exposed to moisture or mild chemicals
Structural components requiring durability and corrosion resistance
5. Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications
Surgical instruments and medical devices
Laboratory benches and components requiring sterilization
Equipment where hygiene and corrosion resistance are critical
Резюме
304 stainless steel is highly versatile, providing excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and formability. Its applications span food processing, chemical, household, medical, and industrial sectors, making it ideal for environments where durability and hygiene are essential.
Characteristics of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and versatile formability. It is suitable for a broad range of applications in industrial, household, and architectural environments.
1. Химический состав
Содержит chromium (18–20%) и nickel (8–10.5%).
Low carbon content ensures good corrosion resistance and weldability.
Trace elements like manganese, silicon, and phosphorus enhance mechanical stability.
2. Коррозионная стойкость
Отличная устойчивость к oxidation, atmospheric corrosion, and mild acids.
Хорошо работает в indoor, outdoor, and mildly corrosive environments.
Notably resistant to rust and staining, making it ideal for hygiene-critical applications.
3. Механические свойства
Высоко tensile strength and yield strength.
Отлично пластичность и вязкость, even at low temperatures.
Maintains properties over a wide range of temperatures.
4. Fabrication and Formability
Отлично cold working and forming characteristics, suitable for deep drawing, bending, and stamping.
Может быть welded easily with minimal risk of intergranular corrosion.
Machinable, though slightly less so than 303 stainless steel.
5. Heat and Temperature Resistance
Performs well at moderate temperatures, with intermittent service up to 870°C (1600°F).
Continuous service temperatures should remain below 925°C (1700°F).
6. Применение
Food and beverage processing equipment
Chemical and pharmaceutical machinery
Kitchen appliances, sinks, and household items
Architectural components, handrails, and decorative trims
Резюме
304 stainless steel is characterized by excellent corrosion resistance, good mechanical strength, high ductility, and versatile formability. Его сочетание свойств делает его идеальным для industrial, household, chemical, and architectural applications, particularly where durability, hygiene, and corrosion resistance are important.
Дополнительная информация
Изготовление
Fabrication of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel is a widely used аустенитная нержавеющая сталь известный своим excellent corrosion resistance and formability. Its fabrication characteristics make it suitable for a wide range of industrial, architectural, and household applications.
Формирование
Холодная обработка: 304 can be bent, drawn, stamped, or deep-drawn in the annealed condition.
Горячая обработка: Suitable for hot forging, rolling, or extrusion at controlled temperatures (approx. 1010–1120°C / 1850–2050°F).
Work hardens moderately during forming, which may require промежуточный отжиг for complex shapes.
2. Механическая обработка
Machinable with appropriate cutting tools and speeds, though less machinable than 303 stainless steel.
Produces smooth finishes with careful selection of cutting fluids and tool materials.
3. Сварка
Отличная свариваемость using TIG, MIG, or resistance welding.
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) minimizes carbide precipitation, reducing the risk of межкристаллитная коррозия в сварных зонах.
Post-weld annealing or passivation can further enhance corrosion resistance.
4. Surface Finishing
Может быть polished, brushed, or passivated to improve aesthetics and corrosion resistance.
Suitable for both functional and decorative applications.
5. Advantages of 304 Stainless Steel Fabrication
Versatile forming options (cold or hot working)
Good weldability for assembly of components
Can achieve high-quality surface finishes
Поддерживает коррозионная стойкость after fabrication
6. Применение
Kitchen and food processing equipment
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative features
Tanks, piping, and industrial equipment
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Резюме
304 stainless steel is высокоуниверсальный для изготовления, предлагая excellent formability, weldability, and surface finish options. These characteristics make it ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal.
Свариваемость
Weldability of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of its key advantages is superior weldability, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial, architectural, and household applications.
1. Общие характеристики сварки
Easily weldable using standard methods: TIG (GTAW), MIG (GMAW), spot welding, and resistance welding.
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) reduces the risk of межкристаллитная коррозия в зоне термического влияния.
Производит strong, corrosion-resistant welds without significant loss of mechanical properties.
2. Техники сварки
ТИГ (ГТАВ): Provides precise control and high-quality welds, ideal for thin sheets and critical applications.
МИГ (GMAW): Efficient for thicker materials and high-volume production.
Spot and resistance welding: Suitable for sheet metal assemblies.
3. Наполнители
Commonly use 304 или 308 стержни/проволока для сварки из нержавеющей стали to maintain corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity.
Selection depends on the specific application and service environment.
4. Preheating and Post-Weld Treatment
Preheating is generally unnecessary due to low carbon content.
Post-weld annealing or passivation can enhance corrosion resistance and restore surface finish if required.
5. Advantages
Excellent weld quality with minimal distortion or cracking.
Поддерживает corrosion resistance and mechanical strength в сварных зонах.
Suitable for both thin sheets and thick sections.
6. Applications Benefiting from Weldability
Kitchen equipment, sinks, and countertops
Piping, tanks, and pressure vessels
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Резюме
304 stainless steel is highly weldable, предлагая strong, corrosion-resistant, and aesthetically acceptable welds. Its low carbon content ensures minimal intergranular corrosion risk, что делает его идеальным для industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring both durability and weld integrity.
Обрабатываемость
Machinability of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь well-known for its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, compared to 303 stainless steel, its machinability is moderate, requiring careful tooling and process control.
1. Характеристики обработки
304 stainless steel Труд закаляет быстро during machining, which can increase tool wear.
Производит вязкая, непрерывная стружка, which may require chip breakers or special tooling.
Standard machining speeds must be reduced compared to carbon steels to avoid excessive heat.
2. Рекомендации по инструментарию
Материалы инструмента: High-speed steel (HSS), carbide, or coated carbide tools are recommended.
Скорости резания: Lower than mild steel; increase feed rate gradually to reduce heat buildup.
Coolant/Lubrication: Use cutting fluids to reduce friction, dissipate heat, and improve surface finish.
3. Механическая обработка
Поворот: Requires slower speeds and frequent tool changes; good surface finish achievable.
Milling: Use sharp tools and moderate depth of cut; avoid overheating.
Drilling and Tapping: Pre-drill larger holes and use proper lubricants to prevent galling.
4. Преимущества
Can produce high-quality, corrosion-resistant components with proper machining practices.
Подходит для precision parts in industrial, food, and chemical processing equipment.
5. Ограничения
Less machinable than 303 stainless steel due to the absence of sulfur.
Requires careful tool selection, speed, and lubrication to avoid excessive wear and work hardening.
6. Применения, выигрывающие от обрабатываемости
Food and beverage processing machinery
Piping, valves, and fittings
Industrial and chemical processing components
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Резюме
304 stainless steel has умеренная обрабатываемость, требующий appropriate tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication to achieve precise components. While not as easily machined as 303 stainless steel, it offers excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, что делает его идеальным для industrial, medical, and food-processing applications.
Устойчивость к коррозии
Corrosion Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь известный своим превосходная коррозионная стойкость, making it one of the most widely used stainless steels in industrial, architectural, and household applications.
1. Общая коррозионная стойкость
Высокоустойчив к Окисление и атмосферная коррозия.
Хорошо работает в indoor and outdoor environments.
Maintains integrity in humid and mildly corrosive conditions.
2. Resistance to Chemicals
Отличная устойчивость к food acids, alkaline solutions, and many industrial chemicals.
Подходит для food processing, chemical equipment, and pharmaceutical applications.
Less resistant than 316 stainless steel in chloride-rich or marine environments.
3. Stress and Intergranular Corrosion
Low carbon content (≤0.08%) minimizes carbide precipitation во время сварки.
Устойчив к межкристаллитная коррозия even after welding when properly fabricated.
Sensitive to chloride-induced pitting or crevice corrosion in high-salinity environments.
4. Surface Treatment
Может быть polished or passivated to improve corrosion resistance.
Surface finishing enhances both appearance and longevity.
5. Applications Benefiting from Corrosion Resistance
Kitchen appliances, sinks, and cookware
Food and beverage processing equipment
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Tanks, piping, and industrial machinery
Medical and pharmaceutical instruments
Резюме
304 stainless steel exhibits превосходная коррозионная стойкость in a wide range of environments, including industrial, food processing, and architectural applications. Его низкое содержание углерода ensures weldability without compromising corrosion resistance, making it ideal for durable and long-lasting components.
Холодная обработка
Cold Working of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and formability. It responds well to холодная обработка, which can improve strength and hardness but also increases work hardening.
1. Характеристики холодной обработки
Может быть bent, drawn, stamped, or deep-drawn в отожженном состоянии.
Холодная обработка увеличивает прочность и твердость из-за strain hardening.
Excessive deformation may reduce пластичность and requires careful control.
2. Техники
Гибка и формовка: Suitable for moderate bends; sharp bends may require intermediate annealing.
Глубокая вытяжка Excellent, especially in thin sheets, due to good ductility.
Rolling or stamping: Can achieve complex shapes with proper tooling and process control.
3. Преимущества
Холодная обработка улучшает прочность на растяжение и твердость without heat treatment.
Enables production of precision components and complex shapes.
Поддерживает коррозионная стойкость when proper annealing and passivation are applied after severe deformation.
4. Ограничения
Work hardens quickly, which may require промежуточный отжиг for extensive forming operations.
Excessive cold working can increase Внутренние напряжения, potentially leading to distortion or cracking in subsequent processes.
5. Применения, выигрывающие от холодной обработки
Architectural panels, handrails, and decorative structures
Food and beverage processing equipment
Tubing, piping, and pressure vessels
Automotive and aerospace components requiring high precision
Резюме
304 stainless steel can be effectively cold worked to produce strong, precision components. Cold working enhances прочность и твердость while retaining коррозионная стойкость, что делает его идеальным для industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durable and precisely formed parts.
Термообработка
Heat Treatment of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь widely used for its excellent corrosion resistance and formability. While 304 cannot be hardened by conventional heat treatment, it can undergo annealing or stress-relief treatments to improve ductility, reduce internal stresses, and restore properties after cold working or welding.
Отжиг
Цель: Relieves internal stresses, softens the material for forming, and restores ductility.
Процесс:
Нагреть до 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F).
Hold at temperature long enough to ensure uniform heating.
Cool rapidly in air, water, or quenching medium to avoid carbide precipitation.
Restores corrosion resistance and workability after cold working.
2. Снятие стресса
Цель: Reduces residual stresses caused by forming, machining, or welding.
Процесс:
Нагреть до 450–650°C (840–1200°F).
Выдерживать 1–2 часа в зависимости от толщины детали.
Медленно охладить до комнатной температуры.
Минимизирует искажение, деформация или растрескивание during subsequent processing.
3. Закалка
304 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Strengthening is achieved primarily through холодная обработка rather than quenching or tempering.
4. Surface Treatment Post Heat-Treatment
Passivation can be applied to enhance corrosion resistance and remove free iron from the surface.
Polishing and surface finishing improve durability and aesthetics.
5. Приложения
Компоненты, требующие stress relief after welding or forming
Cold-worked sheets or strips needing restored ductility
Industrial and architectural parts requiring corrosion resistance and formability
Резюме
304 stainless steel has ограниченные варианты термообработки. Отжиг и снятие напряжений первичные методы лечения, используемые для restore ductility, relieve internal stresses, and maintain corrosion resistance. Unlike martensitic steels, 304 relies on холодная обработка rather than heat treatment for strength enhancement, making it ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications.
Теплостойкость
Heat Resistance of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь известный своим excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and versatility. It also offers good heat resistance, making it suitable for moderate temperature applications.
1. Температурные пределы
Непрерывный сервис: Приблизительно до 870°C (1600°F).
Intermittent service: Can withstand up to 925°C (1700°F).
Prolonged exposure above these temperatures may reduce mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.
2. Устойчивость к окислению
Сопротивляется окисление и окалина in air at moderate temperatures.
Хорошо работает в non-oxidizing or mildly oxidizing atmospheres.
Не подходит для continuous high-temperature service in strongly oxidizing environments, where 309 or 310 stainless steel is preferred.
3. Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures
Поддерживает tensile strength and toughness at moderate temperatures.
Extended exposure to high heat may cause loss of ductility and potential grain growth.
4. Applications Benefiting from Heat Resistance
Industrial equipment exposed to moderate heat
Heat exchangers and furnace components in non-extreme environments
Kitchen appliances and food processing equipment
Architectural components exposed to sunlight or moderate heat
5. Практические соображения
Avoid prolonged service above 925°C (1700°F) для поддержания коррозионной стойкости.
Рассмотрите higher-temperature stainless steels (e.g., 309, 310, 321) for applications exceeding these limits.
Heat treatment and surface finishing can help preserve properties at elevated temperatures.
Резюме
304 stainless steel has good heat resistance подходящий для приложения с умеренной температурой, maintaining strength and corrosion resistance. It is ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications where temperatures remain within its recommended limits.
Горячая обработка
Hot Working of 304 Stainless Steel
304 stainless steel является аустенитная нержавеющая сталь известный своим excellent corrosion resistance and formability. Это может быть горячая обработка прошла успешно under controlled conditions to produce complex shapes or large deformations.
1. Характеристики горячей обработки
Подходит для forging, rolling, extrusion, and hot bending.
Горячая обработка reduces work hardening, allowing easier shaping compared to cold working.
High ductility allows for large deformations without cracking.
2. Рекомендуемые температурные диапазоны
Annealed temperature range: 1010–1120°C (1850–2050°F) for hot forming operations.
Avoid overheating above 1120°C (2050°F) to prevent рост зерна и снижение коррозионной стойкости.
Контролируемый охлаждение after hot working helps maintain mechanical properties.
3. Преимущества
Enables formation of large and complex components.
Reduces internal stresses compared to cold working.
Preserves коррозионная стойкость when properly processed.
4. Ограничения
При высоких температурах может происходить масштабирование поверхности, требующее descaling or passivation post-processing.
Not intended for strengthening via heat treatment, as 304 is austenitic and non-hardenable.
Требуется controlled temperature and deformation rates to avoid defects.
5. Приложения
Forged or rolled components requiring subsequent machining
Industrial equipment, piping, and tanks
Architectural and decorative elements with complex shapes
Automotive and aerospace structural components
Резюме
304 stainless steel can be горячая обработка прошла успешно to create complex and large parts. Hot working reduces work hardening, facilitates forming, and maintains corrosion resistance, making 304 ideal for industrial, architectural, and household applications requiring durability and precision.
